![Page 1: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!!
9/14/09
![Page 2: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
•
![Page 3: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Accuracy
• The degree of closeness of a measured or calculated quantity to its actual (true) value.
![Page 4: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Precision
• Also called reproducibility or repeatability, the degree to which further measurements or calculations show the same or similar results.
![Page 5: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Accuracy and Precision
• Instruments have a defined PRECISIONlike 0.02 or 0.05
109.80 0.05
![Page 6: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Accuracy and Precision
• Which data set is more precise? Why?
Trial Measurement
1 100.01
2 100.01
3 99.98
4 100.00
Avg 100.00
Trial Measurement
1 100.10
2 100.00
3 99.88
4 100.02
Avg 100.00
![Page 7: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Estimation
• The calculated approximation of a result which is usable even if input data may be incomplete or uncertain.
• Common Estimates: – Meter– Centimeter– Millimeter
![Page 8: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Estimation
• Use of estimates– Allows you to confirm correct units are being
used– Allows you to confirm that you have reached a
reasonable answer– Allows you to determine distance or length
without taking actual measurements– Allows you to understand/interpret distances or
lengths
![Page 9: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Measurements
• Main Scientific Units (Si units)– Length – Meters (m)– Volume – Liters (L)– Time – Seconds (s)– Mass – Grams (g)– Force – Newtons (N)
![Page 10: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Remember your Sig Figs!
• Significant Figures (Significant Digits) - the digits of a number that carry meaning contributing to its precision
• Using Sig Figs. How long is this paperclip?
![Page 11: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Remember your Sig Figs!
• How long is this paperclip?
• Are you sure?
![Page 12: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Remember your Sig Figs!
• How long is this paperclip?
• Are you sure?
![Page 13: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Remember your Sig Figs!
• How long is this paperclip?
• Are you sure?
![Page 14: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Remember your Sig Figs!
• How long is this paperclip?
• Are you sure?
![Page 15: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Remember your Sig Figs
• Recording Sig Figs– Always write the number of digits you KNOW
plus ONE guess– Remember your units!!!
![Page 16: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Remember your Sig Figs
• Reading Sig Figs– Remember, the last number is the guess. So the
more digits, the more precise the measurement was!
– Pacific Atlantic Rule
![Page 17: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Remember your Sig Figs
• Using the Pacific-Atlantic Rule!• If decimal point is Present start on the
Pacific side. If decimal point is Absent, start on the Atlantic Side.
• Start counting at the first number that isn’t 0 and don’t stop counting!
• The more significant figures present, the more precise the measurement!
![Page 18: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Converting Metrics
• First of all, forget the English system. – 1 inch = 2.54 cm– 1 mile = 1.61 km– 2.2 pounds = 1 kg– 33.8 ounces = 1 L– Etc. etc. etc.
![Page 19: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
meter liter gram second
kilohectadeka
decicentimilli
km
cm
mm
l
dl
ml
kg
mgms g
s
m
![Page 20: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Converting Metrics• REMEMBER 10!!!
• Metric units are based on the powers of ten
![Page 21: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Converting Metrics
![Page 22: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Ya Gotta Know...
1000 meters = 1 kilometer
1 meter = 10 decimeters 1 meter = 100 centimeters 1 meter = 1000 millimeters
![Page 23: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Converting
• You can multiply anything by 1 without changing it
• Anything divided by itself is 1
• I can "cancel" common factors when multiplying fractions
![Page 24: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Converting53 centimeters = ??? meters
53 cm X
-------------
= m
![Page 25: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Converting53 centimeters = ??? meters
53 cm X m
------------- cm
= m
![Page 26: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Converting53 centimeters = ??? meters
53 cm X 1 m------------- 100 cm
= m
![Page 27: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Converting53 centimeters = ??? meters
53 cm X 1 m------------- 100 cm
= 0.53 m
![Page 28: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Conversion Factor53 centimeters = ??? meters
53 cm X 1 m------------- 100 cm
= 0.53 m
What I want-----------------What I have
XXXX
![Page 29: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
27 meters = ??? millimeters
27 m X -------------= mm
What I want-----------------What I have
![Page 30: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
27 meters = ??? millimeters
27 m X mm
------------- m
= mm
What I want-----------------What I have
![Page 31: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
27 meters = ??? millimeters
27 m X 1000 mm------------- 1 m
= mm
What I want-----------------What I have
![Page 32: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
27 meters = ??? millimeters
27 m X 1000 mm-------------
1 m= 27,000 mm
What I want-----------------What I have
XXXX
![Page 33: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
??? seconds = 450 milliseconds
450 ms X -------------
= 0.4 50 s
What I want-----------------What I have
![Page 34: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
??? seconds = 450 milliseconds
450 ms X s
------------- ms= s
What I want-----------------What I have
![Page 35: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
??? seconds = 450 milliseconds
450 ms X 1 s
-------------1000 ms
= s
What I want-----------------What I have
![Page 36: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
??? seconds = 450 milliseconds
450 ms X 1 s
-------------1000 ms
= 0.450 s
What I want-----------------What I have
![Page 37: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
0.087 kilometers = ??? centimeters
0.087 km X cm
------------- km
= cm
![Page 38: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
0.087 kilometers = ??? centimeters
0.087 km X m
------------- km
= m
= cm cm
------------- m
X m
![Page 39: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
0.087 kilometers = ??? centimeters
0.087 km X = 87 m
= 8,700 cm100 cm-------------
1 mX87 m
1000 m-------------
1 km
![Page 40: Accuracy, Precision, Estimation, Measurements!!! 9/14/09](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e8a5503460f94b8fe48/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)