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Acids, Bases and Salts
Ms. MacInnes 2010Science 10
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What do you think an acid is?
• Lactic acid (sore muscles & sour milk)
• Boric acid (antiseptic)
• Acetic acid (vinegar)
• Citric acid (citrus fruits)
• Hydrochloric acid (stomach acid)
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Acids• an acid is a substance that produces
hydrogen ions in solution (H+)
Properties of acids• turns blue litmus paper red• turns bromothymol blue to yellow• sour taste• reacts with certain metals to produce H2
• Conducts electricity when dissolved in H2O• contains H+1 ions
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Bases
What do you think a base is?
• a base is a compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) when in solution.
• Another term for “basic” is “alkaline”
• Examples:
• Antacids (Tums)
• Oven cleaner (Easy Off)
• Milk of magnesia
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Properties of bases
• turns red litmus paper blue
• turns phenolphthalein pink
• bitter taste
• slippery feel
• conducts electricity when dissolved in H2O
• contains OH-1 ions (hydroxide)
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Salts• An ionic compound which is produced
during a neutralisation reaction (reaction between acid & base)
Neutralisation• A chemical reaction where an acid and a
base combine to make a salt and water.
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O
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Properties of salts
• Produced when an acid reacts with a base
• Has a solid crystalline structure
• Examples include table salt (NaCl), Epsom salt (bath), potassium chloride (KCl)
**not all compounds are acids, bases or salts; some are sugars
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Indicators• A substance used to discover the
presence of another material. • An acid/base indicator shows the
presence of one or the other by changing colour.
• Examples include: phenolphthalein, bromothymol blue, pH paper, blue and red litmus paper.
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pH scale • A scale that
measures the relative acidity or alkalinity of a substance.
• Based on the concentration of H+
(aq) in a solution