![Page 1: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Adaptation
![Page 2: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Adaptation
• Adaptation is a special characteristic that
allows an organism to survive in a
particular environment.
• Adaptations may be:
• physical appearance (morphology)
• internal systems (physiology)
• something an organism does (behaviour)
![Page 3: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Organisms that live in only one habitat or
particular environment usually show many
adaptations to that environment.
• e.g.
• Organisms that live in a variety of different
habitats usually do not have as many
adaptations.
• e.g.
![Page 4: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
How many different types of habitat
can you think of?
Make a list.
![Page 5: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• Marine
• Arctic
• Desert: hot & cold
• Woodland / forest
• River / lake
• Tropical rainforest
• Grasslands
• Rocky
• Bogs / marshes
• Urban (gardens / parks) / farmland
![Page 6: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Marine Habitat
• Seas and oceans
• Salty water
• Warm and cold water
![Page 7: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
What are a shark’s general adaptations to life in an aquatic
environment?
A Shark’s General Adaptations
streamlined shape
to reduce friction
when moving
through water
gills have a large
surface area so
that oxygen can be
extracted from the
surrounding water
fins provide
stability, power
and control
(morphology)
(morphology)(morphology)
![Page 8: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
What are a shark’s specific adaptations to life as an aquatic
predator?
A Shark’s Specific Adaptations
highly sensitive
sense of smell that
can detect drops of
blood from miles
away
lots of very sharp
teeth that are
constantly replaced
silver colouring
underneath acts as
camouflage
specialised sense organs can
detect the sound, movement and
electrical fields of other organisms(physiology)
(physiology)
(morphology)
(morphology)
![Page 9: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Cold climatesTemperatures:
• arctic winter can dip to -51oC
• warmest month is between 10oC and 0oC
• Often permanent snow & ice
![Page 10: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Animals in Cold Climates
• Arctic animals must keep themselves
warm to survive.
• You lose body heat through your
body surface, mainly your skin.
• Arctic animals have developed many
adaptations to help them survive…
![Page 11: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
What do these
animals have
in common?
![Page 12: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
List as many adaptations to the
cold climate as you can:
• Thick oily fur coats
• Layers of blubber under the skin
• May change colour in the summer
• Small ears
• Large furry feet
• Often longer snout
• Rounded body shape
![Page 13: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Body Shape
Have fat, round body
shapes with short legs.
Why is this important?
![Page 14: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Surface Area to Volume Ratio
• Animals lose heat from the body surfaces
that are in contact with the surrounding
air/water.
• Reducing the contact surface reduces
heat loss
• Increasing the surface increases heat loss
![Page 15: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Surface Area to Volume Ratio
Hidden surfaces
are exposed
Small SA: Vol
Larger SA: Vol
(cold climates)
(hot climates)
![Page 16: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Hot Desert Climates
Temperatures:
• Can reach 45 – 50oC during the day
• Can fall below 0oC at night
• Less than 25cm rain a year
![Page 17: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Animals in Dry Climates
• Animals in dry climates have to keep
themselves cool to survive.
• They also have to cope with a lack of
water.
• This means they are unable to lose heat
through sweating – why?
![Page 18: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
What do these
animals have in
common?
![Page 19: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
List as many adaptations to the
desert climate that you can:
• Large thin ears
• Little body fat
• Thin silky fur
• Long limbs to help spread the heat
• They often are only active at night
• More elongated body shape
![Page 20: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Have more
elongated
body
shapes and
long legs
![Page 21: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Which shows an animal from a hot
climate and which from a cold climate?
cold hot
![Page 22: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Question:
• If a polar bear lived in a desert:
• What colour would the polar bear be so it
was camouflage?
• Would it still have thick fir?
• What would it eat?
![Page 23: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Compare these two animals…
Desert Fox Arctic Fox
Draw a table to compare their adaptations to
their environments.
![Page 24: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Plants in Cold Climates
• ‘land of the midnight sun’
Cold all year except for short period over
the summer
No trees
• temperature range = - 54 to 21° C
Alaska, Siberia, Scandinavia
http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/learning/learningzone/clips/5506/
![Page 25: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
• Plants are small - usually less than 12
inches tall to avoid wind
• Plants are dark - helps them absorb solar
heat.
• Small waxy leaves / needles
• Some plants are covered with hair
• Some plants grow in clumps for protection
• Some plants have dish-like flowers that
follow the sun
![Page 26: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Saxifrage Arctic Willow
Bearberry Arctic flower
![Page 27: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Trees
• many trees are evergreen
• many trees have needle-like leaves to lose
less water
• waxy coating on needles
• needles are dark in colour
• trees have branches that droop downward
![Page 28: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Plants in Dry ClimatesAdaptations:
Can you think of any?
Make a list.
![Page 30: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
• Some plants store water in their stems or leaves = succulents
• Some plants have no leaves
• Long root systems spread out wide or go deep into the ground to absorb water
![Page 31: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
• Spines to protect from being eaten
• Plants slower growing so require less
energy
• Flowers that open at night lure pollinators
who tend to be active during the night
• Hair help shade the plant, reducing water
loss
![Page 32: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Question:
• Scientists investigated two types of violet plants. One was found more frequently in shade, the
shade violet. The other was found more frequently in sunny places, the sun violet.
A B
a) Which violet is which? Give a reason for your choice. [4]
A = _____________________________________________________________________________
B = _____________________________________________________________________________
![Page 33: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The number of violets in an area of woodland were counted before and after a large number of trees
were removed. The results are shown below.
i) State how light conditions would have changed when the trees were removed. [1]
___________________________________________________________________________________
(ii) Which of the plants survived better before the trees were removed? [1]
___________________________________________________________________________________
(iii) What happened to the number of these plants after the trees were removed? [1]
___________________________________________________________________________________
Violet type Before trees removed2 years after trees
removed
5 years after trees
removed
Shade 190 50 30
Sun 20 60 120
![Page 34: Adaptation · • ‘land of the midnight sun’ ... Sun 20 60 120 (c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050503/5f9573a97989634e4624f6f6/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
(c) (i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4]
(ii) How would you expect the number of sun violets to change in future if more trees were removed?
[1]
__________________________________________________________________________________
Total: 12 marks