![Page 1: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Adaption to Climate Change: A Genetic Perspective from a Small Mammal in the Coast Mountains of BC.
Philippe Henry & Michael Russello
![Page 2: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Talk Outline
• Conservation Biology
• Population genetics
• Population genomics
• Application to American pikas
![Page 3: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Conservation Biology
• C
Intro
• Scientific study of the nature and status of the Earth’s biodiversity
• Aim to preserve ecosystems, species and evolutionary potential (genetics)
• Termed coined in 1978 at UCSD by Michael Soulé and others
![Page 4: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Conservation Biology
• C
Intro
• Scientific study of the nature and status of the Earth’s biodiversity
• Aim to preserve ecosystems, species and evolutionary potential (genetics)
• Termed coined in 1978 at UCSD by Michael Soulé and others
![Page 5: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Conservation Biology
• C
Intro
• Scientific study of the nature and status of the Earth’s biodiversity
• Aim to preserve ecosystems, species and evolutionary potential (genetics)
• Termed coined in 1978 at UCSD by Michael Soulé and others
![Page 6: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Why conservation ?
• C
Intro
• Habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation
• Invasive species
• Overexploitation of natural resources
• Pollution and diseases
• Climate change
![Page 7: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Why conservation ?
• C
Intro
• Habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation
• Invasive species
• Overexploitation of natural resources
• Pollution and diseases
• Climate change
![Page 8: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Why conservation ?
• C
Intro
• Habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation
• Invasive species
• Overexploitation of natural resources
• Pollution and diseases
• Climate change
![Page 9: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Why conservation ?
• C
Intro
• Habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation
• Invasive species
• Overexploitation of natural resources
• Pollution and diseases
• Climate change
![Page 10: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Why conservation ?
• C
Intro
• Habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation
• Invasive species
• Overexploitation of natural resources
• Pollution and diseases
• Climate change
![Page 11: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Why conservation ?
• C
Intro
• Sixth mass extinction crisis
- 1 in 4 mammal - 1 in 4 conifer- 1 in 3 amphibian- 1 in 8 birds are threatened
- extinction rates are 1000 times the norm
- at this pace, mass extinction will occur in 200 - 500 years
![Page 12: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Why conservation ?
• C
Intro
• Sixth mass extinction crisis
- 1 in 4 mammal - 1 in 4 conifer- 1 in 3 amphibian- 1 in 8 birds are threatened
- extinction rates are 1000 times the norm
- at this pace, mass extinction will occur in 200 - 500 years
![Page 13: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Why conservation ?
• C
Intro
• Sixth mass extinction crisis
- 1 in 4 mammal - 1 in 4 conifer- 1 in 3 amphibian- 1 in 8 birds are threatened
- extinction rates are 1000 times the norm
- at this pace, mass extinction will occur in 200 - 500 years
![Page 14: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Why conservation ?
• C
Intro
• Sixth mass extinction crisis
- 1 in 4 mammal - 1 in 4 conifer- 1 in 3 amphibian- 1 in 8 birds are threatened
- extinction rates are 1000 times the norm
- at this pace, mass extinction will occur in 200 - 500 years
![Page 15: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Why conservation ?
• C
Intro
• Sixth mass extinction crisis
- 1 in 4 mammal - 1 in 4 conifer- 1 in 3 amphibian- 1 in 8 birds are threatened
- extinction rates are 1000 times the norm
- at this pace, mass extinction will occur in 200 - 500 years
![Page 16: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Why conservation ?
• C
Intro
• Sixth mass extinction crisis
- 1 in 4 mammal - 1 in 4 conifer- 1 in 3 amphibian- 1 in 8 birds are threatened
- extinction rates are 1000 times the norm
- at this pace, mass extinction will occur in 200 - 500 years
![Page 17: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Why conservation ?
• C
Intro
• Sixth mass extinction crisis
- 1 in 4 mammal - 1 in 4 conifer- 1 in 3 amphibian- 1 in 8 birds are threatened
- extinction rates are 1000 times the norm
- at this pace, mass extinction will occur in 200 - 500 years (Barnosky et al 2011, Nature)
![Page 18: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Why conservation ?
• C
Intro
• Philosophical / Ethical
- Estetics- Biophilia
• Ecosystem services
- Clean water / air- Economical benefits
![Page 19: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Why conservation ?
• C
Intro
• Philosophical / Ethical
- Estetics- Biophilia
• Ecosystem services
- Clean water / air- Economical benefits
![Page 20: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Why conservation ?
• C
Intro
• Philosophical / Ethical
- Estetics- Biophilia
• Ecosystem services
- Clean water / air- Economical benefits
![Page 21: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Why conservation ?
• C
Intro
• Philosophical / Ethical
- Estetics- Biophilia
• Ecosystem services
- Clean water / air- Economical benefits
![Page 22: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Why conservation ?
• C
Intro
• Philosophical / Ethical
- Estetics- Biophilia
• Ecosystem services
- Clean water / air- Economical benefits
![Page 23: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Conservation Genetics
• Arose in the 1980’s as a crisis discipline
• With the aim to preserve species evolutionary potential (genetic variation)
• Under the central tenet that small, isolated populations are at risk of genetic erosion
Intro
![Page 24: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Conservation Genetics
• Arose in the 1980’s as a crisis discipline
• With the aim to preserve species evolutionary potential (genetic variation)
• Under the central tenet that small, isolated populations are at risk of genetic erosion
Intro
![Page 25: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Conservation Genetics
• Arose in the 1980’s as a crisis discipline
• With the aim to preserve species evolutionary potential (genetic variation)
• Under the central tenet that small, isolated populations are at risk of genetic erosion
Intro
![Page 26: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Conservation Genetics
• Small population size:
- Dominated by genetic drift and inbreeding
- Genetic drift: random fixation and loss of alleles, whether adaptive or deleterious
- Inbreeding: increasing homozygosity
Intro
![Page 27: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Conservation Genetics
• Small population size:
- Dominated by genetic drift and inbreeding
- Genetic drift: random fixation and loss of alleles, whether adaptive or deleterious
- Inbreeding: increasing homozygosity
Intro
![Page 28: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Conservation Genetics
• Small population size:
- Dominated by genetic drift and inbreeding
- Genetic drift: random fixation and loss of alleles, whether adaptive or deleterious
- Inbreeding: increasing homozygosity
Intro
![Page 29: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Conservation Genetics
• Small population size:
- Dominated by genetic drift and inbreeding
- Genetic drift: random fixation and loss of alleles, whether adaptive or deleterious
- Inbreeding: increasing homozygosity
Intro
![Page 30: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Conservation Genetics
• Genetic drift and inbreeding:
- Inbreeding depression
- Reduction in individual fitness
- Compromised evolutionary potential
Intro
![Page 31: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Conservation Genetics
• Genetic drift and inbreeding:
- Inbreeding depression
- Reduction in individual fitness
- Compromised evolutionary potential
Intro
![Page 32: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Conservation Genetics
• Genetic drift and inbreeding:
- Inbreeding depression
- Reduction in individual fitness
- Compromised evolutionary potential
Intro
![Page 33: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Conservation Genetics
• Genetic drift and inbreeding:
- Inbreeding depression
- Reduction in individual fitness
- Compromised evolutionary potential
Intro
![Page 34: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Conservation Genetics
• Genetic variation = evolutionary potential of populations or species
• There are two principal types of genetic variation:- Neutral (reflects demographic patterns)- Adaptive (reflects variation under natural
selection)
Intro
![Page 35: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Conservation Genetics
• Genetic variation = evolutionary potential of populations or species
• There are two principal types of genetic variation:- Neutral (reflects demographic patterns)- Adaptive (reflects variation under natural
selection)
Intro
![Page 36: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Conservation Genetics
• Genetic variation = evolutionary potential of populations or species
• There are two principal types of genetic variation:- Neutral (reflects demographic patterns)- Adaptive (reflects variation under natural
selection)
Intro
![Page 37: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Conservation Genetics
• Genetic variation = evolutionary potential of populations or species
• There are two principal types of genetic variation:- Neutral (reflects demographic patterns)- Adaptive (reflects variation under natural
selection)
Intro
![Page 38: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
• Neutral genetic variation: - population genetic structure - demographic events, (bottlenecks and population
expansions) - migration and gene flow
Valuable information to help prioritize populations for conservation efforts
X. Does not generally inform on long term evolutionary potential of populations
Conservation GeneticsIntro
![Page 39: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
• Neutral genetic variation: - population genetic structure - demographic events, (bottlenecks and population
expansions) - migration and gene flow
Valuable information to help prioritize populations for conservation efforts
X. Does not generally inform on long term evolutionary potential of populations
Conservation GeneticsIntro
![Page 40: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
• Neutral genetic variation: - population genetic structure - demographic events, (bottlenecks and population
expansions) - migration and gene flow
Valuable information to help prioritize populations for conservation efforts
X. Does not generally inform on long term evolutionary potential of populations
Conservation GeneticsIntro
![Page 41: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
• Neutral genetic variation: - population genetic structure - demographic events, (bottlenecks and population
expansions) - migration and gene flow
Valuable information to help prioritize populations for conservation efforts
X. Does not generally inform on long term evolutionary potential of populations
Conservation GeneticsIntro
![Page 42: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
• Neutral genetic variation: - population genetic structure - demographic events, (bottlenecks and population
expansions) - migration and gene flow
Valuable information to help prioritize populations for conservation efforts
X. Does not generally inform on long term evolutionary potential of populations
Conservation GeneticsIntro
![Page 43: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
• Neutral genetic variation: - population genetic structure - demographic events, (bottlenecks and population
expansions) - migration and gene flow
Valuable information to help prioritize populations for conservation efforts
X. Does not generally inform on long term evolutionary potential of populations
Conservation GeneticsIntro
![Page 44: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Genetics -> GenomicsIntro
![Page 45: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
• Complement conservation genetics with the use of a large number of molecular markers
• Concerned with the characterization of adaptive genetic variation
- shed light on the evolutionary potential of populations
- assist management decisions, especially with regard to adaptation to environmental changes
Conservation GenomicsIntro
![Page 46: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
• Complement conservation genetics with the use of a large number of molecular markers
• Concerned with the characterization of adaptive genetic variation
- shed light on the evolutionary potential of populations
- assist management decisions, especially with regard to adaptation to environmental changes
Conservation GenomicsIntro
![Page 47: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
• Complement conservation genetics with the use of a large number of molecular markers
• Concerned with the characterization of adaptive genetic variation
- shed light on the evolutionary potential of populations
- assist management decisions, especially with regard to adaptation to environmental changes
Conservation GenomicsIntro
![Page 48: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
• Complement conservation genetics with the use of a large number of molecular markers
• Concerned with the characterization of adaptive genetic variation
- shed light on the evolutionary potential of populations
- assist management decisions, especially with regard to adaptation to environmental changes
Conservation GenomicsIntro
![Page 49: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
• Impact of habitat fragmentation or climate change on selectively important variation
• Mechanisms underlying inbreeding depression
• Role of gene-environment interaction
• Gene expression
Conservation GenomicsIntro
![Page 50: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
• Impact of habitat fragmentation or climate change on selectively important variation
• Mechanisms underlying inbreeding depression
• Role of gene-environment interaction
• Gene expression
Conservation GenomicsIntro
![Page 51: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
• Impact of habitat fragmentation or climate change on selectively important variation
• Mechanisms underlying inbreeding depression
• Role of gene-environment interaction
• Gene expression
Conservation GenomicsIntro
![Page 52: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
• Impact of habitat fragmentation or climate change on selectively important variation
• Mechanisms underlying inbreeding depression
• Role of gene-environment interaction
• Gene expression
Conservation GenomicsIntro
![Page 53: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Climate change and the American pika
• Species sensitive to high ambient temperatures
• Contemporary climate warming may be partly responsible for extirpation of its southern populations
• Good candidate to study the genetic basis of local adaptation since it is distributed along altitudinal gradients in BC
![Page 54: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Climate change and the American pika
• Species sensitive to high ambient temperatures
• Contemporary climate warming may be partly responsible for extirpation of its southern populations
• Good candidate to study the genetic basis of local adaptation since it is distributed along altitudinal gradients in BC
![Page 55: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Climate change and the American pika
• Species sensitive to high ambient temperatures
• Contemporary climate warming may be partly responsible for extirpation of its southern populations
• Good candidate to study the genetic basis of local adaptation since it is distributed along altitudinal gradients in BC
![Page 56: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Study species
![Page 57: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Study species
Taxonomy
• American Pika: Ochotona princeps
• 5 ssp found throughout western NA
• 2 ssp described in BC
• Taxonomy based on morphology, mitochondrial DNA lineage and call dialects (Hafner & Smith, 2010)
![Page 58: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Study species
Taxonomy
• American Pika: Ochotona princeps
• 5 ssp found throughout western NA
• 2 ssp described in BC
• Taxonomy based on morphology, mitochondrial DNA lineage and call dialects (Hafner & Smith, 2010)
![Page 59: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Study species
Taxonomy
• American Pika: Ochotona princeps
• 5 ssp found throughout western NA
• 2 ssp described in BC
• Taxonomy based on morphology, mitochondrial DNA lineage and call dialects (Hafner & Smith, 2010)
![Page 60: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Study species
Taxonomy
• American Pika: Ochotona princeps
• 5 ssp found throughout western NA
• 2 ssp described in BC
• Taxonomy based on morphology, mitochondrial DNA lineage and call dialects (Hafner & Smith, 2010)
![Page 61: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Study species
Distribution
![Page 62: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Study species
Life History
• Habitat specific to Talus slopes
• Do not hibernate and make hay-piles
• Defend individual territories
• 2-3 young successfully weaned per year
• Relatively long-lived (5-7 years)
![Page 63: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Study species
Life History
• Habitat specific to Talus slopes
• Do not hibernate and make hay-piles
• Defend individual territories
• 2-3 young successfully weaned per year
• Relatively long-lived (5-7 years)
![Page 64: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Study species
Life History
• Habitat specific to Talus slopes
• Do not hibernate and make hay-piles
• Defend individual territories
• 2-3 young successfully weaned per year
• Relatively long-lived (5-7 years)
![Page 65: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Study species
Life History
• Habitat specific to Talus slopes
• Do not hibernate and make hay-piles
• Defend individual territories
• 2-3 young successfully weaned per year
• Relatively long-lived (5-7 years)
![Page 66: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Study species
Life History
• Habitat specific to Talus slopes
• Do not hibernate and make hay-piles
• Defend individual territories
• 2-3 young successfully weaned per year
• Relatively long-lived (5-7 years)
![Page 67: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Study species
Dispersal
• Young are generally philopatric
• If no territories are available, young will disperse
• Mortality during dispersal is high
• Evidence for gene-flow up to 3km
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Study species
Dispersal
• Young are generally philopatric
• If no territories are available, young will disperse
• Mortality during dispersal is high
• Evidence for gene-flow up to 3km
![Page 69: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Study species
Dispersal
• Young are generally philopatric
• If no territories are available, young will disperse
• Mortality during dispersal is high
• Evidence for gene-flow up to 3km
![Page 70: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Study species
Dispersal
• Young are generally philopatric
• If no territories are available, young will disperse
• Mortality during dispersal is high
• Evidence for gene-flow up to 3km
![Page 71: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Study species
Susceptibility to climate change
• Widespread distribution during Pleistocene
• Contemporary climate warming may be responsible for the extirpation of one quarter of Pika
populations in the Great Basin USA
• Their distribution has shifted 100m upslope per decade
![Page 72: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Study species
Susceptibility to climate change
• Widespread distribution during Pleistocene
• Contemporary climate warming may be responsible for the extirpation of one quarter of Pika
populations in the Great Basin USA
• Their distribution has shifted 100m upslope per decade
![Page 73: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Study species
Susceptibility to climate change
• Widespread distribution during Pleistocene
• Contemporary climate warming may be responsible for the extirpation of one quarter of Pika
populations in the Great Basin USA
• Their distribution has shifted 100m upslope per decade
![Page 74: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Objectives
• Shed light on population genetic structure and demographic history
• Identify genomic region under selection
![Page 75: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Objectives
• Shed light on population genetic structure and demographic history
• Identify genomic region under selection
![Page 76: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Study siteMethods
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Study site
10 KM
![Page 78: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
The Hill~ 1500 m
~ 800 m
~ 300 m
2 km
Methods
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Nusatsum~ 1500 m
~ 800 m
2 km
Methods
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Clayton Falls – M. Gurr~ 1500 m
~ 0 m
2 km
Methods
![Page 81: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Sampling design
25 m25 m
Methods
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Sampling design
25 m25 m
- 15 - 30 hair snares set up at each site
- Collected 300 individual hair samples
- 270 high quality DNA samples
Methods
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Sampling
![Page 84: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Sampling
![Page 85: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Sampling
![Page 86: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Labwork
• DNA extracted from 300 hair samples collected in the summers 2008, 2009 and 2010
• 2 types of genetic markers amplified by PCR: - microsatellites- AFLP
![Page 87: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Microsatellite genotypingMethods
- Popular marker in population genetics
- Neutral
- Highly variable
![Page 88: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Microsatellite genotyping
-10 microsatellite loci amplified in our 270 DNA samples
- Resulting in a probability of identity of 0.00029
Methods
![Page 89: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
AFLP genotyping
- Markers distributed throughout the genome (genome scan)
- Anonymous bands
Methods
![Page 90: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
AFLP genotyping
- 20 selective primer pairs
- 1509 bands amplified in our 270 DNA samples
Methods
![Page 91: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Analyses
• Identify individuals based on multilocus genotypes = DNA fingerprint
• Assessment of population genetic structure
• Calculations of genetic diversity indices
• Estimates of demographic history
Methods
Microsatellites
![Page 92: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Analyses
• Identification of “outlier” loci (under selection)
• Identification of main driving force through which selection acts
Methods
AFLP
![Page 93: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Natural History
25 m
- Up to 7 different individuals sampled in the same hair snare
Results
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Natural History
25 m
- Up to 7 different individuals sampled In the same hair snare
- Neighboring hair snares recovered the same individuals in 4 cases
Results
![Page 95: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Natural History
25 m
- Up to 4 different individuals sampled in the same hair snare
- Neighboring hair snares recovered the same individuals in 4 cases
- In one case, the same individual was sampled 155m apart
Results
155 m
![Page 96: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Population StructureResults
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Population StructureResults
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Genetic variabilityResults
* * *
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InbreedingResults
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Bottleneck
Test High 1+2 Mid Low 1 Low 2
Wilcoxon * * * NS
Mode Shift * NS NS NS
M-ratio NS NS NS NS
Results
No evidence for reduction in population size
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~ 1500 m
~ 800 m
~ 300 m
2 km
Outliers HillResults
![Page 102: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
~ 1500 m
~ 800 m
~ 300 m
2 km
Outliers HillResults
![Page 103: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Outliers Nusatsum
~ 1500 m
~ 800 m
2 km
Methods
![Page 104: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Outliers Nusatsum
~ 1500 m
~ 800 m
2 km
Methods
![Page 105: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Outliers Clayton – M. Gurr~ 1500 m
~ 0 m
2 km
Methods
![Page 106: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Outliers Clayton – M. Gurr~ 1500 m
~ 0 m
2 km
Methods
![Page 107: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Summary OutliersMethods
TTC________E33T37_58_________ACT
TCG________E38T37_289_______ACT
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Summary OutliersMethods
6.4°C2183mm
2.2°C2863mm
2.4°C2889mm
3.8°C2571mm
4.7°C711mm
2.7°C706mm
0.3°C848mm
![Page 109: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
Next step
• Cloning of outlier AFLP fragments
• BLAST against rabbit genome to identify genomic region under selection
• Next generation transcriptome sequencing
- SNP discovery
![Page 110: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
Next step
• Cloning of outlier AFLP fragments
• BLAST against rabbit genome to identify genomic region under selection
• Next generation transcriptome sequencing
- SNP discovery
![Page 111: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
Next step
• Cloning of outlier AFLP fragments
• BLAST against rabbit genome to identify genomic region under selection
• Next generation transcriptome sequencing
- SNP discovery
![Page 112: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
Overall significance
• Hill and Nusatsum / Clayton- M.Gurr represent two different “populations”
• Lowest genetic variability found at Clayton- M.Gurr -> Priority population
• Different outliers found in the different transects. Need to investigate the effect of environmental variables on genes
![Page 113: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
Overall significance
• Hill and Nusatsum / Clayton- M.Gurr represent two different “populations”
• Lowest genetic variability found at Clayton- M.Gurr -> Priority population
• Different outliers found in the different transects. Need to investigate the effect of environmental variables on genes
![Page 114: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
Overall significance
• Hill and Nusatsum / Clayton- M.Gurr represent two different “populations”
• Lowest genetic variability found at Clayton- M.Gurr -> Priority population
• Different outliers found in the different transects. Need to investigate the effect of environmental variables on genes
![Page 115: Adaptation to climage change: a genetic perspective](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011721/58a911d51a28ab6d2d8b58db/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
Acknowledgements
- Russello Lab
- Mary Peacock
- Kurt Galbreath
- Tweedsmuir Provincial Park