Download - Adaptations to Food Sources
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Adaptations to Food Sources First, what do we get from the food we eat?
- Energy- Carbon- Nitrogen- Phosphorus - Other minerals and
vitamins
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Adaptations to Food Sources All consumers eat something. What types of consumers do we have?
Mainly:Carnivores, Omnivores, and Herbivores
Different types of foods have different ratios of carbon to nitrogen (two main things we need to get from our diets)
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Adaptations to Food Sources Carbon makes up more than 90% of all living matter, so most of what we eat is carbon
Plants contain 98% carbon and 2% nitrogen
Animals contain about 7% nitrogen and 93% carbon
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Adaptations to Food Sources Herbivores- Have to deal with a food
source that has a lower amount of nitrogen, so they eat a much larger amount than a carnivore
- Another problem is that plants have chemical and physical defenses
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Adaptations to Food Sources Plant Defenses- No defenses is perfect, most plants can defend against some but not all predators
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Adaptations to Food Sources Plant DefensesPhysical Defenses - Thorns can either stop or slow down herbivores - Giraffe video- What do giraffes do?
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Adaptations to Food Sources Plant DefensesPhysical Defenses - Grasses contain silica, which is what glass is made from - Herbivores that eat
grasses have specalized teeth, called high crowning teeth
- Ex: cow, elephant
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Adaptations to Food Sources Plant DefensesPhysical Defenses- High crowning teeth are
capable of grinding tough plant tissues without wearing down as fast as low crowning teeth (like our molars)
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Adaptations to Food Sources Plant DefensesPhysical Defenses- Cellulose is a molecule
found in plant cell walls- No vertebrae can digest
cellulose, so herbivores that eat grass have to use bacteria in their digestive tract to break it down.
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Adaptations to Food Sources Plant DefensesPhysical Defenses: Cellulose - Many animals have a
cecum, which is a pouch that stores bacteria that breaks down food
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Adaptations to Food Sources Plant DefensesPhysical Defenses: Cellulose - Mammals called
ruminants (cows, deer…) have a four-chambered stomach to help break down the grasses they eat
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Elephant digestive system videoWrite 4 facts about the elephant’s digestive system:
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Adaptations to Food Sources Plant DefensesPhysical Defenses: CelluloseRuminant’s 4 stomachs - The rumen
Food is broken down by
microorganisms into small balls of cudThe animal returns the cud to their mouth to be chewed on to crushthe fibers
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Adaptations to Food Sources Plant DefensesPhysical Defenses: CelluloseRuminant’s 4 stomachs - The Reticulum + Omasum
Water, soluble food,and microbial productsare absorbed
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Adaptations to Food Sources Plant DefensesPhysical Defenses: CelluloseRuminant’s 4 stomachs - The Abomasum
the “true” acid stomachwhere enzymes are secreted and “normal”digestion occurs