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Advanced Networks: The Past and the Future – The Internet2 Perspective
APAN
7 July 2004, Cairns, AustraliaDouglas Van Houweling, President & CEOInternet2
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Background
1968 -- Protocols developed by the the research university community with DARPA support
1986 -- Internet a CS facility 1987 -- NSFNet 1989 -- HTML invented at CERN. 1993 -- Mosaic browser from NCSA. 1994 -- Internet Commercialized 1995 – URL’s redefine information work
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Internet2 Yesterday and Today
Launched October 1996• 34 US universities• Formally incorporated as not-for-profit corporation September 1997
• Abilene backbone network announced April 1998
Today• 208 US universities; 60+ corporate members, 40+ affiliates, 45 international partners
• 2nd Generation Abilene backbone network; Internet2 Commons, Shibboleth, InCommon, NLR, QUILT, Arts & Humanities program, etc.
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Internet2 & Other Advanced Networking Organizations
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Internet Success Factors
Technology progress keeps capacity ahead of demand
End-to-end architecture• Applications and content creation and dissemination
Reachability• Metcalfe’s Law
A Commons• Community collaborates to maintain its health
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The Internet and Its Challenges
Sparse connection routed networks lack scalabilityEnd-to-end performanceAddress space limits & security issues have broken the end-to-end architecture
Peer to peer & multicast applications as well as circuit-based networks have limited reach
Economic conditions have reduced investment in the Internet commons
Authentication & privacyApplications abuse has reduced Internet usefulness
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Keys to the Future of the Internet
Connectivity• Scalable• Reliably high end-to-end performance
End-to-end architecture• IPv6• Security without NAT
Reach• Disseminate multicast, end-to-end architecture• Integrate packet switched and circuit facilities
Ease of use, privacy, and security• Standard core middleware• Authenticated Internet within & between trust communities
Integration with advanced applications
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Internet2 Today (and Tomorrow)
Motivate Enable
End-to-end
End-to-end
Perform
anceP
erformanceNetworksNetworks
MiddlewareMiddleware
ApplicationsApplications
ServicesServices
Securit
Securit
yy
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Internet2 ProgramsNetwork Infrastructure
• Abilene, Fiberco, NLR Support, HOPI
Network Services• IPv6, multicast, end-to-end performance
Middleware• Authentication, trust federations (InCommon)
Security• Security at Line Speed
ApplicationsCollaboration environments (Internet2 Commons), SIP, high
performance file transfer
International• Coordination with regional & national network organizations
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Network Scalability
Requirements:• Internet protocol-based any-to-any connectivity
– End-to-end architecture– IPv6, multicast
• Reliable end-to-end performance– Streams approaching backbone cross-section capacity
• Cost-effective use of available circuit facilities
Hybrid network solution:• IP protocols• Routed paths for most applications & hosts• Real time measurement• Automatic allocation of optical circuits in real time
– Persistent large point-to-point flows between major routing junctions
• End-to-end circuit reservation available on demand
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Hybrid Optical & Packet Infrastructure (HOPI) Project
Examine a hybrid of shared IP packet switching and dynamically provisioned optical lambdasMotivation:
• Scalability development• Users/Disciplines desire to provision networks with their own
characteristics; or networks for specific services
Rich set of switched optical paths becoming available:
• National Lambda Rail• International connections
IP packet switched network in placeGoals:
• Build understanding• Provide access to new capabilities
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HOPI Resources
The Abilene Network – High capacity packet switching and MPLS tunnels
The Internet2 Wave on the NLR footprint
End-to-end measurement facilities
ManLan Experimental Facility• Collaboration with international partners
– GLIF collaboration
• Ethernet Switch – layer 2 switching• ONS Switch – layer 1 switching
The Regional Optical Networks – RONs
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Abilene / NLR Overlay
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The Wizard Gap
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End to end Performance
View whole path as systemGive end users (and their system/network admins) tools to discover, diagnose, fix (or learn who to contact to fix) problems
Network measurement and monitoring framework (piPEs)
• Use data from regularly-scheduled tests; archived data from others’ tests
• Provides capability to support HOPI efforts
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Security
Require network security approaches that:• Minimally compromise network performance and allow
applications requiring advanced network services to function• Sustain, in so far as possible, the end-to-end nature of the
Internet architecture
Network security, host software, and middleware become inter-dependent
Security at Line Speed• NSF-funded workshop
• SALSA steering group
Outcome – An authenticated Internet based on trust communities?
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Imperatives for the Advanced Networking Community
Real progress in Internet technology and use is in doubt
• Not just connectivity, but performance, security, and reliability• New applications require capabilities unlikely to be available
through evolutionary change
The higher education and research community must provide leadership
• Industry efforts focused on profit, maintaining the status quo• Our organizations continue to treat the Internet as a
Commons
No organization, national or regional can succeed in isolation – we must engage these problems collaboratively on a global scale
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