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Age of Jefferson
Change for the new country.
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Election of 1800
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Election Results (1800)
Historycentral.com
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Election of 1800
• Jefferson defeats Adams, but ……
• Jefferson and Burr tie in electoral votes.
• House of Representatives decides the tie.
• Revolution of 1800.
• “A triumph of the common citizen over the aristocratic classes.”
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Marbury vs. Madison
Judicial Review is established.
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Adams appoints new judges…
• John Adams (Federalist) signs appointments on his last night in office.
• Thomas Jefferson (Democratic –Republican) is to take over as President.
• What political party do you think the judges Adams appointed belonged to? Why did he do this?
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• “midnight judges”- what these new judges were referred to as.
• William Marbury was one of these “midnight judges.”
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When does Madison come into play?
• James Madison, TJs new Secretary of State, was supposed to officially present Marbury with his new position…
• But he didn’t!
• So… Marbury sued and appealed to the Supreme Court to get Madison to award him the position…
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The Verdict.
• Supreme Court refuses to grant Marbury his position!!
• Why?
• A section of the Judiciary Act of 1789 (which set up the federal court system in the first place) was unconstitutional and void.
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Lasting Impact…
• This is the first time the Supreme Court overturns an act of Congress.
• Checks & balances in action!
• Judicial Review- Power of the Supreme Court to decide whether laws or acts passed by Congress are unconstitutional.
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Jefferson As President
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Reversal of Federalist policies
• Secured Congressional repeal of the tax on whiskey.
• Cut back on military budget and reduced the national debt.
• Permitted the Alien and Sedition Act to expire and pardoned those affected by it.
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Continues some Federalist policies.
“We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.”
• Continued Hamilton’s financial programs such as the National Bank.
• Reaffirmed Washington’s policy of isolation.
• Showed that a change of regime (power) not need be drastic and overwhelming change.
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Louisiana Purchase• Transportation of goods west of the Appalachians.
• 1n 1800, Napoleon secretly secures the territory from Spain.
• Robert Livingston and James Monroe negotiate to buy New Orleans and West Florida for $2 million - $10 million.
• England or France - Jefferson wonders who to support in their war?
• A small price to pay. $15 million.
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Why does Napoleon sell?
• $$$ for his war effort.
• Trouble in Haiti (Haitians fighting for independence)
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A Constitutional Problem
• Constitution didn’t specify that the President could negotiate treaties for incorporating new land into the country..
• No time for an amendment.
• Loose Constitutional Interpretation v. Strict Constitutional Interpretation?
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Jefferson’s Foreign Policy• Problems:
• Americans relied heavily on overseas trade.
• Pirates of the Barbary Coast were attacking American ships.
• Impressment by England and France was still a major problem.
• Solutions?
• U. S. Navy and Marines are sent to attack Tripoli.
• US defeats the pirates.
• Jefferson puts forward the Embargo Act of 1807. Us refuses to trade with nations at war.
• This hurts American interests and angers many Americans.
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Look at p. 69 in your packet and answer the questions on p. 70 with your seat partner
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Embargo Act of 1807
• American ships could not sail to foreign ports and prohibited American exports to all foreign countries.
• Reaction to the war with England and France.
• Attempt at neutrality.
• Dismal failure. Why?
• Non-Intercourse Act of 1809.