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Agrarization of migrant labor, rururbanization and internal mobility in times of crisis:
a comparative analysis between Italy and Spain
International Seminar Human capital, wage labour and innovation in rural areas
23-24 October 2015
Alessandra Corrado [email protected]
Francesco [email protected]
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• RurubanizationRurubanization
• movement from urbanized centers to rural,semi-rural peripheries or in periurban areas, close to agricultural production (and settlement in)
• agrarization of migrant labor agrarization of migrant labor
• progressive entrance or emersion process of foreign work in the agri-food sector
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• Spain: – Instituto Nacional Estadistico (INE) –l’Encuesta de
Variaciones residenciales – Observatorio Mercado Trabajo (OMT) y Observatorio
Permanente de la Inmigración (OPI), 2008-2013• Italy:
– Istituto Statistico Nazionale (ISTAT) – Istituto Nazionale di Economia Agraria (INEA),
rapporti sul mercato lavoro e gli immigrati, 2008- 2013
Methodology
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• Growth:– Spain: from 360.655 (0,91% of tot pop) in
1991 to 5.598.691 in 2009 (12,2%)– Italy: from 356.159 (0,7%) in 1991 to
4.922.085 in 2009 (8,1%)
Mediterranean model of migration
1) immigration started in all countries in the same period (the 1980ties).
2) they receive immigrants from many, also very distant, places.
3) there is a high presence of female immigrant.
4) immigrants have found occupation in the service sector, in agricolture and not so often in industry.
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Immigration trands: Italy
2008 2013
New arrivals 534.712 307.454emigration 65.196 125.735Unemployed rate 6.4% 12,5%Unemployed inmigrant 8,5% 17,7%
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2008 2013
New arrivals 599.074 280.772
emigration 288.432 532.303
Unemployed rate 8,9% 25,1%
Unemployed inmigrant 12,6% 39,1%
Immigration trands: Spain
Overturning balance migration
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21/10/15
Agrarization of migrant's work: Italy
2007 2013
ITALIA 182.814 273.858SICILIA 7.700 39.920BASILICATA 2.170 8.581
CALABRIA 9.350 14.950
PUGLIA 26.469 42.243
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Agrarization of migrant's work: Spain
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Rururbanization: cases studies
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HUELVA
2007 2014
Moguer 2.905 (15.2%)
5.540 (26.1%)
Huelva 5.707(6,8%)
7.215(8,1%)
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ALMERIA
21/10/15
2000 2014
El Ejido 4.317 (8.2%)
27.066 (29.1%)
Almerìa 18.484(9,6%)
19.375(9.8%)
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CALABRIACALABRIACALABRIA
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CALABRIASALERNO