Download - Agro-energy feedstock: Miscanthus
Agro-energy feedstock: Miscanthusg gy Miscanthus x giganteus
Sterile hybrid propagated though rhizomes Sterile hybrid propagated though rhizomes Bulk sample harvested in Germany Air dried and
stored in freezerstored in freezer Composite sample being used for all analyses
Biomass to Bioethanol1
Agro-energy feedstock: Miscanthusg gy
Perennial crop Perennial cropGrows to 11-14 ft in height/year
High biomass yields High biomass yieldsC4 grass with high rate of carbon fixation14 17 t / ( t 27 t / i t i l )14 – 17 tons/acre (up to 27 tons/acre in trials)Crop stands survive 25-30 years without
significant loss in biomass yieldssignificant loss in biomass yields
Presently used in Europe for power and heat tigeneration
Biomass to Bioethanol2
Moisture and Ash content
Moisture content of air dried Moisture content of air dried Miscanthus sawdust (6 mm)4 6%4.6%
Ash contentMe ed b mped he ting to 525Measured by ramped heating to 525 °C in a muffle furnace
2 2%2.2%Higher than Loblolly pine (0.2 %) &
sweetgum (0 8 %)sweetgum (0.8 %)
Biomass to Bioethanol3
Elemental analysisyMeasured on 0.05 mm ground samples using elemental micro analyzer
60.0
50.0
40.0 MiscanthusSweetgumLoblolly Pine
30.0
Wt.%
10 0
20.0
0.0
10.0
Biomass to Bioethanol4
0.0C H O N
Inorganic elementsg
Analyzed in 6 mm ground samples Analyzed in 6 mm ground samples Acid digestion followed by ICP-emission
spectroscopyspectroscopy Coulometric method for total halogen (Cl+Br+I)
Biomass to Bioethanol5
Inorganic elementsg
340 0
360.0
380.0
280.0
300.0
320.0
340.0
MiscanthusSweetgumL.Pine
200 0
220.0
240.0
260.0
) o.d
. wei
ght
L.Pine
140.0
160.0
180.0
200.0
onte
nt (m
g/K
g)
60 0
80.0
100.0
120.0Co
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
Biomass to Bioethanol6Ba Cu Fe Na P Si
Inorganic elementsg
2000.0
1750.0
ght)
Miscanthus
1250.0
1500.0
en d
ried
wei
g MiscanthusSweetgumL.Pine
750 0
1000.0
ent (
mg/
Kg
ove
500.0
750.0
Con
te
0.0
250.0
Biomass to Bioethanol7Ca K Mg S Mn Cl+Br+I
Extractives Solvent-soluble, non-volatile
material Condensermaterial Extracted with dichloromethane
Condenser
Characterized using GC-MS Extractives content: Sample
1.0 % 2.9 % for Loblolly pine Solvent
0.4 % for Sweetgum
Water soluble extractives (important for grassy biomass)3.6 %
Biomass to Bioethanol8
Dichloromethane extractives composition
350.0
400.0
250 0
300.0
wei
ght
Miscanthus
200.0
250.0
ams/
g o.
d. Miscanthus
SweetgumL.Pine
100.0
150.0
mic
rogr
a
0.0
50.0
rboxy
lic ac
ids
Resin ac
ids
Alkanols
Sterols
gnin/Aro
matic
Biomass to Bioethanol9
Carb Lign
Dichloromethane Extractives : Miscanthus120.0 O OH
80.0
100.0
scan
thus
60.0
/gra
m o
.d. m
is
C2H5
20 0
40.0
mic
rogr
ams/
COOH
HO
0.0
20.0
cid cid cid cid cid ol cid rol rol rol
Tetrad
ecan
oic ac
idPen
tadec
anoic
acid
Hexad
ecan
oic ac
idOcta
deca
dieno
ic ac
idOcta
deca
noic
acid
Octaco
sano
Dehyd
roabie
etic a
cid
Ergoste
roStig
master
o
Sitoste
ro
Biomass to Bioethanol109,1
2-O
D
Water soluble extractives: MiscanthusCompound Amount (µg/g Miscanthus)
Alpha-L-Galactopyranose 40.24p py
Alpha-D-Arabinopyranose 52.81
Xylitol 512.22
D Gl 30 12
MannitolD-Glucose 30.12
p-hydroxyl cinnamic acid 1145.21
D-Mannitol 1358.42
Mannose 105.84
O OHCH2OH OH
XylitolOHO
O
OH
OH OHOH
M
O
OH
OHHOOH
Gl
OH
OH
HO
A biMannose Glucose Arabinopyranose
P-hydroxyl cinnamic acid
Biomass to Bioethanol11
Acid soluble and insoluble ligning Klason lignin
Acid insoluble lignin isolated using NREL methods Acid insoluble lignin isolated using NREL methods Extractive free (40 mesh) sample hydrolyzed using 72 % H2SO4
Acid soluble lignin Acid soluble lignin Measured using UV-vis spectrophotometer Calculated from absorption at 205 nm
Pretreatment effluents pH adjusted by the addition of 72 % H2SO4 and autoclaved at 121
°C f 1 h°C for 1 hour Solution filtered and lignin content measured as the sum of solid
residue (Klason lignin) and soluble lignin measured with UV.( g ) g
Biomass to Bioethanol12
Lignin content and compositiong
CH
CH2OH
CH
CH2OH
CH
CH2OH
Klason lignin
26
CH
CH
1CH
CH
126
CH
CH
126
Klason lignin Miscanthus: 25 %Loblolly pine: 29 %Sweetgum: 26 %
CH3OOH
3
4 OCH35
OH
3
45
OH
3
4 OCH35
Sweetgum: 26 %
A id l bl li i
SW x xGuaiacyl Syringyl p-Coumaryl
OHAcid soluble ligninMiscanthus: 1.1 %Loblolly pine: 0.5 %Sweetgum: 2 6 %
HW x x xGrass x x x
Sweetgum: 2.6 %
Biomass to Bioethanol13
Carbohydrate analysisy y
40 mesh extractive free wood Hydrolyzed with 72 % H2SO4
Diluted to 3% H2SO4 and autoclaved at 121°C for 1 hour121 C for 1 hour
For pretreatment effluentspH adjusted by the addition of 72 %H2SO4p j y 2 4
Autoclaved at 121 °C for 1 hourFiltered and filtrate used for sugar analysis
S ga s meas ed sing HPLC ith Sugars measured using HPLC with pulsed amperometric detector
Biomass to Bioethanol14
Carbohydrate profile
0 0
55.0
60.0y
OOH
OH
HOOH
40 0
45.0
50.0
drat
es
OH
30 0
35.0
40.0
of c
arbo
hyd
MiscanthusSweetgumL.Pine
O
20.0
25.0
30.0
dry
wei
ght o
OOHOH
OHCH2OH
O
OH
OH
OHOH
CH2OH
10.0
15.0
% d
OOH
HO
HOOH
O
OH
OH OHOH
CH2OH
0.0
5.0
A bi G l t Gl X l M
OH
HO
Arabinose Galactose Glucose Xylose Mannose
Biomass to Bioethanol15
Summary: Miscanthus compositiony Higher ash content than sweetgum or pineHi h t t f P K Si d h lidHigher contents of P, K, Si and halides
Dichloromethane extractives mostly carboxylic d lk l d lacids, alkanols and sterols
Water extractives mostly derived from carbohydrates
26 % total lignin content 26 % total lignin contentLower than woody biomass feedstocks
Carbohydrates are mostly glucose and xylose Carbohydrates are mostly glucose and xyloseXylose content highest among the three feedstocks
Biomass to Bioethanol16