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Agronomic & Economic Impact
of Transgenic Canola
JoAnne ButhJoAnne Buth
Vice President, Crop ProductionVice President, Crop Production
www.canola-council.org
Canola Council of Canada
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Brassica napus
Brassica rapa
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Canola Types as % of Seeded Canola Acres
0
20
40
60
80
100
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
% S
eed
ed
Acr
es
Roundup
Liberty
Smart
Conventional
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Transgenic Canola Study
Serecon Consulting & Koch Paul Assoc.Serecon Consulting & Koch Paul Assoc. Coordinated by the Canola Council of Coordinated by the Canola Council of
Canada with assistance from:Canada with assistance from: Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta
growers & provincial specialists, Aventis growers & provincial specialists, Aventis & Monsanto& Monsanto
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Transgenic Canola Study
For this study transgenic For this study transgenic = Roundup Ready & Liberty Link= Roundup Ready & Liberty Link
Clearfield (SMART) not included Clearfield (SMART) not included = developed by mutagenesis = developed by mutagenesis
Conventional - not SMART, RR, LL, BxConventional - not SMART, RR, LL, Bx
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Transgenic Canola Study
650 growers surveyed across western 650 growers surveyed across western CanadaCanadaHalf conventional/ Half conventional/
half half transgenictransgenic
> 80 acres> 80 acresOne field per growerOne field per grower
13 case studies - financial 13 case studies - financial records 1997-2000records 1997-2000
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Transgenic Canola Study
Variety, seeding rates, seed costsVariety, seeding rates, seed costs Yield, dockage, gradeYield, dockage, grade Self reported net returns per acreSelf reported net returns per acre Summer fallow practices in 1999Summer fallow practices in 1999 Fertilizer useFertilizer use Number of field operations - tillage, Number of field operations - tillage,
harrowing, sprayingharrowing, spraying
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Transgenic Canola Study
Weed control - mechanical & culturalWeed control - mechanical & cultural History of transgenic useHistory of transgenic use Changes since adopting transgenicsChanges since adopting transgenics Benefits and disadvantagesBenefits and disadvantages
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Survey Says...
Reasons for growing transgenics:Reasons for growing transgenics:Weed controlWeed controlBetter yield, more return, profitBetter yield, more return, profitReduce costsReduce costsClean up fieldsClean up fieldsReduce tillageReduce tillage
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Survey Says…
Reasons for not growing transgenics:Reasons for not growing transgenics:Cost of the TUACost of the TUAOverall costsOverall costsNo need to changeNo need to changeMarket accessMarket accessWeed resistanceWeed resistance
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Seeding Rates
SeedingRate (lbs/ac)
Transgenic Conventional
<5 37 26
6 40 44
7 15 21
>7 8 9
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Seed & Fertilizer Costs
Seed costs for transgenic $Seed costs for transgenic $4.524.52 more more than conventional ($than conventional ($16.21 v.s $11.69)16.21 v.s $11.69)
Slight increase in fertilizer ($Slight increase in fertilizer ($1.721.72/acre) /acre) - includes 1999 summerfallow - includes 1999 summerfallow
Summerfallow Summerfallow Transgenic - 18%Transgenic - 18% Conventional - 36%Conventional - 36%
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Herbicides 40% reduction in herbicide costs (includes 40% reduction in herbicide costs (includes
summerfallow in 1999)summerfallow in 1999) Transgenic - $16.22Transgenic - $16.22 Conventional $21.72Conventional $21.72
Number of applicationsNumber of applications Transgenic - 2.07Transgenic - 2.07 Conventional -1.78Conventional -1.78
Reduced herbicide use - 6,000 Reduced herbicide use - 6,000 tonnes in 2000tonnes in 2000
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Soil Conservation
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Tillage Transgenic - fewer tillage passes Transgenic - fewer tillage passes Direct-seeding Direct-seeding
Transgenic - 50%Transgenic - 50% Conventional - 35%Conventional - 35%
2.6 million acres with fewer tillage passes2.6 million acres with fewer tillage passes
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Fuel Transgenic growers used less fuelTransgenic growers used less fuel
fewer field operations- tillage, fewer field operations- tillage, summerfallowsummerfallow
31.2 million litres of fuel saved in 200031.2 million litres of fuel saved in 2000 $13.1 million (42 cents/L) $13.1 million (42 cents/L)
savedsaved
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Commodity Prices
Transgenic growers have increased Transgenic growers have increased their acreage and productiontheir acreage and production
However, increased production has not However, increased production has not impacted the price of canolaimpacted the price of canola
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0
50
100
150
200
250
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350
400
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1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Crop Production Year
Dol
lars
per
Met
ric
Ton
ne
Wheat ($/t) Corn ($/t) Canola Price ($/t) Soybeans ($/t)
Linear (Wheat ($/t)) Linear (Corn ($/t)) Linear (Canola Price ($/t)) Linear (Soybeans ($/t))
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Yield & Dockage
Yield - 10% increase (3 bu/acre)Yield - 10% increase (3 bu/acre) Transgenic - 29.25 bu/acreTransgenic - 29.25 bu/acre Conventional - 26.54 bu/acreConventional - 26.54 bu/acre
Dockage - decrease Dockage - decrease Transgenic - 3.77%Transgenic - 3.77% Conventional 5.14%Conventional 5.14%
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Returns Transgenic Grower reported Transgenic Grower reported + $5.80/ac+ $5.80/ac net return net return (yield x (yield x
price - inputs, labour, etc.)price - inputs, labour, etc.) Transgenic $19.92Transgenic $19.92 Conventional $ 14.12Conventional $ 14.12
Economic model - 1997-2000 Economic model - 1997-2000 $10.62 advantage (gross margin)$10.62 advantage (gross margin)
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Impact on the Industry
1997-20001997-2000 Grower (direct) - $144M to $249M Grower (direct) - $144M to $249M Indirect - $58 to $215MIndirect - $58 to $215M Total - up to $464 MTotal - up to $464 M
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The Bottom Line
Higher yield, lower dockage, better Higher yield, lower dockage, better returnsreturns
Less tillageLess tillage Less herbicideLess herbicide Less fuelLess fuel Benefits worth millions of dollars Benefits worth millions of dollars