Download - AI Lecture 1 - Introduction to AI _ ES
INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) AND EXPERT SYSTEM (ES)
Prepared By:Molla Rashied Hussein (MRH)
Lecturer, CSE, UAPFall 2013
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CSE 407 Artificial Intelligence and Expert System, CSE, UAP
Lecture 1
ABOUT THE COURSE
Ø Course Code: CSE 407Ø Course Title: Artificial Intelligence and Expert SystemØ Credits: 3.00Ø Class Routine:
Ø Monday -> 11:00 – 12:15 (D 503)Ø Wednesday -> 12:30 – 01:45 (D 308)
Ø Textbook:ØArtificial Intelligence – A Modern Approach (3rd
Edition)ØStuart Russell and Peter Norvig
ØArtificial Intelligence (3rd Edition)ØElaine Rich, Kevin Knight and Shivashankar B Nair
CSE 407 Artificial Intelligence and Expert System, CSE, UAP
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ABOUT THE COURSE INSTRUCTOR
ØInstructor: Molla Rashied Hussein (MRH), Lecturer, CSE, UAP
ØRoom: D # 302ØE-mail: [email protected]ØCellphone: 01912703756
CSE 407 Artificial Intelligence and Expert System, CSE, UAP
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MARKS DISTRIBUTION
CSE 407 Artificial Intelligence and Expert System, CSE, UAP
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Items Marks
Assessment: Attendance (10%) + Quiz (10%) + Assignment (10%)
30%
Mid Term Exam 20%
Final Exam 50%
Total 100%
COURSE OVERVIEW
CSE 407 Artificial Intelligence and Expert System, CSE, UAP
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Lecture No. TopicsLecture # 1 – 2 Introduction to AI & ES
Lecture # 3 Intelligent Agents
Lecture # 4 – 6 First-Order Logic
Lecture # 7 Quiz-1Lecture # 8 – 9 PlanningLecture # 10 – 12 Uninformed SearchingLecture # 13 Quiz-2Lecture # 14 Summary and review
Mid-Term Exam
COURSE OVERVIEW (CONT’D)
CSE 407 Artificial Intelligence and Expert System, CSE, UAP
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Lecture No. TopicsLecture # 15 – 17 Informed SearchingLecture # 18 – 19 Local SearchingLecture # 20 – 21 Game PlayingLecture # 22 Quiz-3
Lecture # 23 – 24 Uncertainty, Reasoning and Decision Making
Lecture # 25 – 26 LearningLecture # 27 Quiz-4Lecture # 28 Summary and review
Final Exam
WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)?
Thought Process and Reasoning
Behavior
A human-centered Approach
Systems that thinks like humans.
Systems that act like
humans.
A rationalist approach
Systems that thinks
rationally.
System that acts rationally.
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CSE 407 Artificial Intelligence and Expert System, CSE, UAP
ETYMOLOGY OF AI
ØAmerican Computer Scientist and Cognitive Scientist, John McCarthy coined the term in 1956.
ØIt is also known as Machine Intelligence.
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DEFINITION OF AI
ØArtificial Intelligence (AI) is the simulation of intelligence.
ØIntelligence of Machines / Softwares.ØStudy and design of Intelligent Agents.
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WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE?
Ø Ability to observe.Ø Ability to think.Ø Ability to understand.Ø Ability to communicate.Ø Ability to reason.Ø Ability to learn.Ø Ability to gain knowledge.Ø Ability to plan.Ø Ability to solve problems with / without prior
knowledge.Ø Ability to create.
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WHAT IS EXPERT SYSTEM (ES)?
ØComputer based system that Øuses knowledge and reasoning techniquesØsolve problems.
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CSE 407 Artificial Intelligence and Expert System, CSE, UAP
FOUNDATION OF AIØPhilosophy (428 B.C.E. – Present)
ØLogic, methods of reasoning, mind as physical system foundations of learning, language, rationality
ØMathematics (800 C.E. – Present)ØFormal representation and proof algorithms, computation,
(un)decidability, (in)tractability, probabilityØEconomics (1776 – Present)
ØDecision Theory (Probability Theory + Utility Theory)ØGame Theory
ØNeuroscience (1873 – Present)Øphysical substrate for mental activity
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CSE 407 Artificial Intelligence and Expert System, CSE, UAP
FOUNDATION OF AI (CONT’D)
ØPsychology (1879 – Present)Øphenomena of perception and motor control,
experimental techniquesØComputer Engineering (1940 – Present)
ØBuild fast computersØControl Theory and Cybernetics (1948 – Present)
ØDesign systems that maximize an objective function over time
Ø Linguistics (1957 – Present)ØKnowledge representation, grammar
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A BRIEF HISTORY OF AIØ 1943 McCulloch & Pitts: Boolean circuit model of brainØ 1950 Turing's "Computing Machinery and Intelligence"Ø 1956 Dartmouth meeting: "Artificial Intelligence"
adoptedØ 1950s Early AI programs, including Samuel's checkers
program, Newell & Simon's Logic Theorist, Gelernter's Geometry Engine
Ø 1965 Robinson's complete algorithm for logical reasoning
Ø 1966—73 AI discovers computational complexityNeural network research almost disappears
Ø 1969—79 Early development of knowledge-based systemsØ 1980-- AI becomes an industry Ø 1986-- Neural networks return to popularityØ 1987-- AI becomes a science Ø 1995-- The emergence of intelligent agents
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