AIHA – OSHA UPDATE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Doug Huddleston, CSP
OSHA Region VI
ERC-Programs Manager
972-850-4167
OSHA Office of Training and
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• Types of Controls
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Program
• ANSI Updates
• Training Requirements
• Additional PPE Safety and Health Requirements
• Payment for PPE
• Examples of PPE
Overview
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Protecting Employees from Workplace Hazards
Employers must protect employees from workplace hazards such as
machines, hazardous substances, and dangerous work procedures
that can cause injury.
Employers must:
Use all feasible engineering, administrative, and work practice
controls to eliminate and reduce hazards;
Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) if these
controls do not eliminate the hazards.
Remember, PPE is the last level of control!
www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/erhms/
Establishing a PPE Program 1910.132
Sets out procedures for selecting,
providing and using PPE as part
of an employer’s routine
operation.
First -- assess the workplace to
determine if hazards are present,
or are likely to be present, which
necessitate the use of PPE.
Once the proper PPE has been
selected, the employer must
provide training to each employee
who is required to use PPE.
https://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3151.pdf
1910.132(a)
General Requirements
Protective equipment,
including PPE for eyes, face,
head and extremities,
protective clothing, respiratory
devices and protective shields
and barriers, shall be
provided, used and
maintained in sanitary and
reliable condition
Who Requires the Use of PPE?
HEAD PROTECTION
Update - ANSI/ISEA Z89.1-2014 American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection
Performance and testing requirements for industrial helmets (hard hats).
Establishes the types & classes of protective helmets (hazard dependent).
Includes specifications for helmets designed to offer protection from lateral impact,
or top-only impact – affords users flexibility to select the helmet that works for them.
Key updates contained in this version include optional testing and marking features
for head protection for use in high-temperature environments, as well as editorial
revisions to clarify test procedures.
“ISEA’s Head Protection Group established the optional preconditioning at higher
temperatures as a parallel to the previous optional cold preconditioning performance
criteria,” noted Joann Kline, chairman of the ISEA Head Protection Group and safety
products, standards and regulations leader for Kimberly-Clark Professional.
http://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI%2fISEA+Z89.1014&source=LP_safety_landing
Type I & Type II
Class: E, G, C
Head Protection
ANSI/ISEA Z89.1-2014 - Highlights
Performance Data - Manufacturers
required to provide justification (upon
request) that their components do not
cause helmets to fail
Instructions & Marking Section Information Marked on Inside of Helmet: Manufacturer’s Name/ DOM
Type and Class Designation
Optional performance features:
Reverse Donning
LT - Lower Temperature
HV - High Visibility
HT - Higher Temperature
Hot Temperature Pre-conditioning Now 140F (60C) – Was 120F
(48.8C)
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What are some of the
causes of head injuries?
• Falling objects
• Bumping head against fixed
objects, such as exposed pipes or
beams
• Contact with exposed electrical
conductors
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What are some of the
issues with hard hats?
Wearing the bill of the hard hat facing the rear
• OSHA Letter of interpretation DATED May 9, 2011 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=INTERPRETATIONS&p_id=28247
Employees working on the roof of a home under
construction (there is no overhead work being done).
• OSHA Letter of interpretation DATED February 20, 2011 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=INTERPRETATIONS&p_id=24765
Hearing Protection Subpart G 1910.95
An employer must establish
an effective Hearing
Conservation Program
whenever employees’
noise exposures equal or
exceed an 8-hour time
weighted average sound
level of 85 decibels.
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OSHA technical link for Noise and Hearing Conservation - Go to Section III, Chapter 5, “Noise
Measurement.”
https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/new_noise/#measurements
Hearing Conservation Program
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The Hearing Conservation Program includes:
How to monitor employees’ exposures
An audiometric testing program
Use of hearing protectors
A training program
Recordkeeping
Types of Hearing Protection
• Ear plugs
• Ear muffs
• Canal Caps – not
recommended
• Dual Protection –
plugs and muffs (5dB)
• NRR values vs. “real
world” attenuation
• Safety factors
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Eye Protection
1910.133
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What are some of the
causes of eye injuries?
Dust and other flying particles, such as metal shavings or
sawdust.
Molten metal that might splash.
Acids and other caustic liquid chemicals that might splash
Blood and other potentially infectious body fluids that might
splash, spray, or splatter.
Intense light such as that created by welding and lasers.
Eye Protection
Eye and face protection
must comply with the
ANSI Z87.1-1989
Z87 & Z87+
ANSI Z87.1-2010
Update - ANSI/ISEA Z87.1-2015 American National Standard for Occupational and Educational Personal Eye and
Face Protection Devices
The updates in the revision reflect the
need to streamline test methods in concert
with similar global standards, such as those
for impact testing and luminous transmittance
for welding protectors, and to recognize new
innovations in protector design.
Key changes involve the use of “Selection
Guide” and “Protector Markings” tools. Readers
can utilize the tools to become familiar with the
protector markings and the corresponding
performance requirements given in the standard,
in order to evaluate the capabilities and
limitations of a particular device based on the
manufacturer’s claims.
http://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI%2fISEA+Z87.1-2015&source=LP_safety_landing
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Goggles
Protect eyes, eye sockets, and the facial area immediately surrounding the eyes from impact, dust, and splashes
Some goggles fit over corrective lenses
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Welding Shields
Protect eyes from burns
caused by infrared or intense
radiant light, and protect face
and eyes from flying sparks,
metal spatter, and slag chips
produced during welding,
brazing, soldering, and cutting
Optical Radiation: Filter Lenses
& Lasers Wearing protection with the correct
filter shade number is required to
protect workers’ eyes from optical
radiation. When selecting PPE,
consider the type and degree of
radiant energy in the workplace.
Protect for the specific wavelength
of the laser.
Be of optical density adequate for
the energy involved
Contacts and Rx Lenses
Employers must ensure that
employees who wear prescription
(Rx) lenses or contacts use PPE
that incorporates the prescription or
use eye protection that can be worn
over prescription lenses.
The Correct PPE for the Job Like standard safety glasses,
goggles are impact resistant
and are available in tinted
lenses.
Goggles provide a secure shield
around the entire eye area to
protect against hazards coming
from many directions.
Safety goggles may have
regular or indirect ventilation.
(Goggles with indirect
ventilation may be required if
you are exposed to splash
hazards).
Eye and Face Protection
Face shields are intended to protect the entire face, or portions thereof, from impact hazards such as flying fragments, objects, large chips, and particles.
When worn alone, face shields do not protect employees from impact hazards. Use face shields in combination with safety spectacles or goggles for additional protection.
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Hand Protection
1910.138
Burns Bruises Abrasions Cuts Punctures Fractures Amputations Chemical Exposures
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Norfoil laminate resists
permeation and
breakthrough by an array
of toxic/hazardous
chemicals.
Types of Gloves
Butyl provides the highest
permeation resistance to gas
or water vapors; frequently
used for ketones (M.E.K.,
Acetone) and esters (Amyl
Acetate, Ethyl Acetate).
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Viton is highly resistant to
permeation by chlorinated and
aromatic solvents.
Nitrile provides protection
against a wide variety of
solvents, harsh chemicals, fats
and petroleum products and
also provides excellent
resistance to cuts, snags,
punctures and abrasions.
Types of Gloves (cont’d)
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Kevlar protects against
cuts, slashes, and
abrasion.
Stainless steel mesh
protects against cuts
and lacerations.
Types of Gloves (cont’d)
Update - ANSI/ISEA 105-2011 American National Standard for Hand Protection Selection Criteria
This standard addresses the classification and testing of hand protection
for specific performance properties related to chemical and industrial
applications Hand protection includes gloves, mittens, partial gloves, or
other items covering the hand or a portion of the hand that are intended
to provide protection against or resistance to a specific hazard.
This standard provides performance ranges for many different properties
based on standardized test methods. Descriptions of the test methods
used in this standard are provided. Different levels of performance are
specified for each property with zero (0) representing the minimal
protection or none at all.
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Foot Protection
1910.136
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Safety Shoes Have impact-resistant toes and heat-resistant soles
that protect against hot surfaces common in roofing,
paving, and hot metal industries.
Some have metal insoles to protect against puncture
wounds.
May be designed to be electrically conductive for use
in explosive atmospheres, or nonconductive to protect
from workplace electrical hazards.
Metatarsal Guards
Metatarsal guards are part of the shoes or strapped to
the outside of shoes to protect the instep from impact
and compression
Additional Safety & Health
Requirements
Some types of PPE have specific safety & health
requirements such as medical surveillance and
fit testing that must be implemented by the
employer:
Respiratory protection program (1910.134)
Hearing Conservation program (1910.95)
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Changes in Regulations/Policies Regarding PPE
Final rule for Employer Payment for Personal Protective Equipment dated November 15, 2007
(February 13, 2008 effective date). 29 CFR 1910.132(a) Provide PPE that is necessary to protect employees from hazards
29 CFR 1910.132(b) Ensure that employee-owned equipment is adequate, properly maintained, and sanitary
29 CFR 1910.132(c) Ensure that the PPE used is safe in design and construction
29 CFR 1910.132(d) Conduct a hazard assessment and select protective equipment accordingly
29 CFR 1910.132(e) Prohibit the use of defective or damaged protective equipment
29 CFR 1910.132(f) Provide PPE training to employees
29 CFR 1910.132(h) Provide most PPE required by OSHA standards at no cost to employees
29 CFR 1910.133 Eye and face protection
29 CFR 1910.134 Respiratory protection
29 CFR 1910.135 Head protection
29 CFR 1910.136 Foot protection
29 CFR 1910.137 Electrical protective equipment
29 CFR 1910.138 Hand protection
Final rule revising and updating PPE standards to be more consistent with current consensus standards,
regarding good industry practices, as reflected by the latest editions of the pertinent American National
Standards Institute (ANSI) standards (September 9, 2009).
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2009-09-09/html/E9-21360.htm
CPL 02-01-05029 (February 10, 2011) CFR Part 1910, Subpart I, Enforcement Guidance for Personal
Protective Equipment in General Industry
https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=DIRECTIVES&p_id=4875
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Payment for PPE
When PPE is required to protect employees, it must be
provided by the employer at no cost to employees. The employer is not required to pay for some
specific items that are non-specialty and workers are
permitted to wear them off the job site:
Safety-toe protective shoes (including steel toe shoes
or steel toe boots); and
Prescription safety eyewear
https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=FEDERAL_
REGISTER&p_id=20094
This is the link to the Federal Register Notice on the PPE payment. 72:64341-
64430 That is the reference-I copied most of it below.
Payment for PPE
The employer is not required to pay for:
Everyday clothing and weather-related gear
Logging boots required by 29 CFR
1910.266(d)(1)(v)
Normal work boots
The employer must pay for replacement PPE except
when the employee has lost or intentionally
damaged the PPE
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Summary
Assess the workplace for hazards.
Use engineering and work practice controls to eliminate or reduce hazards before using PPE.
Select and provide appropriate PPE at no cost* to employees to protect them from hazards that cannot be eliminated.
Inform employees why the PPE is necessary and when it must be worn.
Train employees how to use and care for their PPE and how to recognize deterioration and failure.
Require employees to wear selected PPE in the workplace.
Employers must implement a PPE program where they:
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QUESTIONS?