Download - AIM: How do Compounds effect organisms?
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Do Do NOWNOW
::What What does does this this
picturpicture e
mean mean to to
you?you?
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There are two categories of compounds:
•Organic•Inorganic
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•Substances that are formed by the chemical combination of two or more elementsMost abundant compound on Earth is___________water
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•Elements have very different properties “actions/appearances” than the compounds that they form.
H = Hydrogen = gas
O = Oxygen = gas
H2O = water = liquid
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• Are expressed through formulas1.Chemical formulas
2.Structural formulas
C12H22O1
1
C6H12O6
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The attraction of atoms that cause element to form compounds
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•is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon and hydrogen •Found in all living things
Examples •C6H1206
•CH4
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•Is any member of a large class of chemical compounds of molecules that contain earths elements
•Not capable of creating life, no combination makes life Examples
•NaCl • H2O•CO2
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Compounds
Organic Inorganic
Contains Carbon & Hydrogen always
together!Example: C6H12O6
glucose (sugar)
Contains the earth’s element
Example: H2O water
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Organic Compounds can Organic Compounds can combine to produce combine to produce macromolecules!!!macromolecules!!!
MacromoleculesMacromolecules
““giant moleculesgiant molecules” ” that are that are made of thousands or even made of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of hundreds of thousands of
smaller moleculessmaller molecules..
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1. Nucleic Acids Importance: stores cellular information in the
form of a code Elements: C, H, O, N, P Subunits : Nucleotides Each nucleotide contains:
Nitrogenous base Phosphorus 5 Carbon Sugar
Examples: DNA and RNA
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Structural formula
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2.Carbohydrates
Building blocks:
Monosaccharide's
Aka simple sugars
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Chemical Formulas:C6H12O6
Glucose
C12H22O11
Sucrose (table sugar)
Ratio 1:2:1
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Source of short term & long term ENERGY and FOOD
STORAGE
Carbohydrate Functions
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Carbohydrates come in many forms
that are classified into three categories:
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SummaryA sample of food containing one
type of a large molecule was treated with a specific digestive enzyme. Nutrient tests performed on the resulting products showed the
presence of simple sugars, onlysimple sugars, only. Based on these test results, the
original large molecules contained in the sample were molecules of……
STARCH!
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PART 2PART 2
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In plants, simple sugars In plants, simple sugars are are least least likely to belikely to be
1.1. linked together to linked together to form proteins form proteins
2.2. broken down into broken down into carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide and water water
3.3. used as a source of used as a source of energy energy
4.4. stored in the form of stored in the form of starch moleculesstarch molecules
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??
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3.LipidsBuilding blocks :One Glycerol molecule and three Fatty Acid molecules
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Chemical Formulas:
C57H110O6C54H99O6
Ratio is greater than 1:2:1
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Lipid Functionsinclude energy storage,
acting as structural components of cell
membranes, insulation, and participating as important
signaling molecules
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Lipids make up fats, oils and waxes
Lipids can be found in butter, olive oil, peanut oil, cheese,
milk, animal fat
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LIPIDS THAT LIPIDS THAT ARE ARE SOLID
ARE CALLED ARE CALLED FATFAT
LIPIDS THAT ARE LIQUID ARE CALLED
OIL
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Greater than 2:1 ratio
-OSE ending
Ring shaped
Final SummaryFinal Summary1.1. How can determine a lipid How can determine a lipid
by chemical formula?by chemical formula?
2.2. How can we identify a How can we identify a carbohydrate by name?carbohydrate by name?
3.3. What is the usual What is the usual structural shape of a structural shape of a carbohydrate molecule?carbohydrate molecule?
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What substance could What substance could be represented by the be represented by the letter letter X X in the diagram in the diagram
below?below?
1.1. carbohydrates carbohydrates
2.2. ozone ozone
3.3. carbon dioxide carbon dioxide
4.4. waterwater
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Organic compounds, such Organic compounds, such as proteins and starches, as proteins and starches, are too are too AA to diffuse into to diffuse into
cells. Proteins are digested cells. Proteins are digested into into BB and starches are and starches are
digested into digested into CC..1.1. AA-large, -large, BB-simple sugars, -simple sugars, CC-amino -amino
acidsacids
2.2. AA-small, -small, BB-simple sugars, -simple sugars, CC-amino -amino acidsacids
3.3. AA-large, -large, BB-amino acids, -amino acids, CC-simple -simple sugarssugars
4.4. AA-small, -small, BB-amino acids, -amino acids, CC-simple -simple sugarssugars
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What substance could What substance could be represented by the be represented by the letter letter X X in the diagram in the diagram
below?below?
1.1. carbohydrates carbohydrates
2.2. ozone ozone
3.3. carbon dioxide carbon dioxide
4.4. waterwater
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DO Now: Complete “Bio-Chem. recall” numbers
1-10
Homework: Bio-Chem. Review Sheet
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There are 20 different sorts of amino acid, each
with slightly different propertiesProteins are made up of chains of
amino acids, and are often folded up into a ball shape.
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An 'average' protein has about 250 amino acids in its chain. How many different combinations are there of 250 amino acids? Although there are billions and billions of possible combinations,
actually there are less than 100,000 used in the human body according to the best estimates of the
scientists.
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•Structural component (most abundant organic material in the cell)•Cell communication (hormones)•Growth and repair •Control rate of chemical reactions (enzymes)•Immune defense (antibodies)•Energy source
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What are the most What are the most important Function of important Function of
Proteins?Proteins?1) Structural Material (most 1) Structural Material (most
abundant organic material within abundant organic material within the cell)the cell)
2) Muscle Tissue2) Muscle Tissue3) 3) EnzymesEnzymes
- control chemical reactions w/in - control chemical reactions w/in organismsorganisms
4) Cell communication (4) Cell communication (hormones, hormones, neurotransmittersneurotransmitters))
5) Immune response (5) Immune response (antibodiesantibodies))6) Growth and repair6) Growth and repair
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AIM: How are AIM: How are organic compounds organic compounds
created?created?Do Now: Using the following word
combinations create one sentence for each.
1. Organic compound, carbon, element
2. Carbohydrates, building blocks, monosaccarhides
3. Lipids, energy, fats, oils
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How are organic How are organic compounds created?compounds created?
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CHEMICAL REACTIONCHEMICAL REACTION
The formation of or breaking The formation of or breaking of chemical bonds, usually of chemical bonds, usually represented by a word or represented by a word or
chemical equation.chemical equation.Na + Cl NaClNa + Cl NaCl
HH22 + N + N22 NH NH33
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ReactantsReactants = found on the left of the equationArrow Arrow = “to make”; shows a reaction is taking placeProductsProducts = found on the right side of the equation.
Na + Cl NaCl
H2 + N2 2NH3
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1. 1. Dehydration Dehydration
synthesissynthesis
Combining Combining smallsmall organic organic compounds compounds (subunits) to (subunits) to produce produce largelarge organic organic compounds compounds with with the loss of waterthe loss of water..
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Examples of DisaccharidesExamples of Disaccharides
SucroseSucrose = Fructose + = Fructose + GlucoseGlucose
MaltoseMaltose = Glucose + = Glucose + GlucoseGlucose
LactoseLactose = Glucose + = Glucose + GalactoseGalactose
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Breaking aBreaking a LargeLarge CompoundCompound into into SmallerSmaller compounds compounds by adding by adding waterwater
The reverse of dehydration synthesis!!!
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Maltose + Water produces Glucose+Glucose
2 separatemolecules of glucose
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&
What is this process called?HYDROLYSISHYDROLYSIS