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Air activation inside and around the SPS beam dump
M. BaudinH. Vincke
DGS-RP-AS
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Content
• Irradiation and ventilation parameters
• Dose given to personnel entering ECX5 due to airborne radioactivity
– Air activation with a closed dump
– Air activation with a vented dump
• Conclusions and dose given to the environment
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Irradiation and ventilation parameters
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Irradiation and ventilation parameters
• 3 scenarios used for calculations– 10 years of operation, with 2E18 protons.s-1 per year spread equally
over 365 days (6.4E10 p.s-1)
– 1 day with 5E12 p.s-1 (most pessimistic case)
– 1 h with 1.5E12 p.s-1 (realistic pessimistic case)
• Venting rates:– Closed dump: 20000 m3.h-1 in the hall outside dump shielding;
– Vented dump: 0.1 m3.h-1 in the dump shielding, 20000 m3.h-1 outside.
• All results presented in these slides only account for the dose induced by activated air and not by the residual material activation.
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With a closed dump
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Air activation with a closed dump
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Air activation with a closed dump
Activation is dominated by 14C activation triggered dose rate will not decay within thousands of years
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Air activation with a closed dump
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With a vented dump
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Air activation with a vented dump
Due to the ventilation of the dump the activation will vanish completely within a few days
inhaling
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Air activation with a vented dump
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Air activation with a vented dump
Due to the ventilation of the dump the activation will vanish completely within a week (time can be reduced by increasing ventilation speed)
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Air activation with a vented dump
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Air activation with a vented dump
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Conclusions: normal operation over long term
Closed core Vented core
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• Considering the normal operations over 10 years, 6.4E10 p.s-1, the vented core appears to be mandatory:– Almost identical dose rates outside of shielding– Dose rates more than 100 times lower inside
shielding with 0.1 m3.h-1 venting.
Conclusions: normal operation over long term
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Conclusions: intense operation over 1 day
Closed core Vented core
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• An extreme scenario that shows air activation can be an issue even with ventilation
• Increased venting rate or longer cooling times might be considered in such a case
• However, the stress conditions (1.5E12 s-1 over 1 hour) used in the thermal studies of the dump give satisfactory results for air activation
• General comment: In order to reduce airborne radioactivity production air volume inside dump should be as low as possible.
Conclusions: intense operation over 1 day
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Doses given to the environment
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Doses given to the environment
2 air volumes considered between dump and shielding with a factor of ~2.5
• Small: 2.71 m3 inside:– Closed core: 3.98E-2 µSv.year-1
– Vented core: 0.557 µSv.year-1
• Large: 7.43 m3 inside:– Closed core: 4.12E-2 µSv.year-1
– Vented core: 1.20 µSv.year-1
Doses released to the environment are acceptable, but the inside air volume should be kept to a minimum.