![Page 1: al qadisiya, kuwait city sustainable urban retrofit and designweb.mit.edu/sustainabledesignlab/projects/UMIverse/2014_Kuwait... · ‐1 central service core ‐8 residential blocks](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa78b4940cd82184265ea83/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
al‐qadisiya, kuwait citysustainable urban retrofit and design
+ ali irani, andré pina, katie gertz, nathaniel jones, nelson soares
![Page 2: al qadisiya, kuwait city sustainable urban retrofit and designweb.mit.edu/sustainabledesignlab/projects/UMIverse/2014_Kuwait... · ‐1 central service core ‐8 residential blocks](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa78b4940cd82184265ea83/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
growth in the desert
source: Third Kuwait Master Plan, 2005
‐ growing population‐ 1.25 million citizens‐ 2.25 million non‐citizens
‐ housing waiting list‐ 110,000 currently waiting‐ growing by 8000/year
‐ planned expansion‐ 5 new cities in the next 10 years‐ partnership through Kuwait‐MIT Center for Natural Resources and the Environment
![Page 3: al qadisiya, kuwait city sustainable urban retrofit and designweb.mit.edu/sustainabledesignlab/projects/UMIverse/2014_Kuwait... · ‐1 central service core ‐8 residential blocks](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa78b4940cd82184265ea83/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
desert climate
temperature ranges wind: temperature, velocity and direction
![Page 4: al qadisiya, kuwait city sustainable urban retrofit and designweb.mit.edu/sustainabledesignlab/projects/UMIverse/2014_Kuwait... · ‐1 central service core ‐8 residential blocks](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa78b4940cd82184265ea83/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
al‐qadisiya‐ low‐density residential neighborhood‐ 1 central service core‐ 8 residential blocks
‐ near Kuwait city center‐ accessible by car‐ separated by busy roads
‐ population 20,893‐ area 1,745,000 m2
‐ density 0.012 pp/m2
![Page 5: al qadisiya, kuwait city sustainable urban retrofit and designweb.mit.edu/sustainabledesignlab/projects/UMIverse/2014_Kuwait... · ‐1 central service core ‐8 residential blocks](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa78b4940cd82184265ea83/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
al‐qadisiya block 8‐ smaller service locations within this block‐ park‐ youth center‐ mosque‐ cooperative store
‐ varying degrees of affluence in this block
‐ 200 villas ‐ area 202,440 m2
‐ population >2000
![Page 6: al qadisiya, kuwait city sustainable urban retrofit and designweb.mit.edu/sustainabledesignlab/projects/UMIverse/2014_Kuwait... · ‐1 central service core ‐8 residential blocks](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa78b4940cd82184265ea83/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
housing typologiesgovernment housing retrofit replacement private villas
constructed in the 1950’s and 60’s for limited income families
abuts neighbors
include internal courtyard
renovated government villas
usually include new windows and façade treatments
detached modern construction
redevelopment of government lots after demolition of older villas
expansive, luxurious villas constructed privately with government loans
large lots, detached structures
![Page 7: al qadisiya, kuwait city sustainable urban retrofit and designweb.mit.edu/sustainabledesignlab/projects/UMIverse/2014_Kuwait... · ‐1 central service core ‐8 residential blocks](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa78b4940cd82184265ea83/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
goals
provide luxury increase density
promote walkability
outdoor comfort
daylight autonomy
energy intensity
![Page 8: al qadisiya, kuwait city sustainable urban retrofit and designweb.mit.edu/sustainabledesignlab/projects/UMIverse/2014_Kuwait... · ‐1 central service core ‐8 residential blocks](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa78b4940cd82184265ea83/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
proposed typologies
provide luxury increase density
type IdetachedFAR 1.4
type IIoverhangFAR 1.4
type IIIhighriseFAR 5.5
![Page 9: al qadisiya, kuwait city sustainable urban retrofit and designweb.mit.edu/sustainabledesignlab/projects/UMIverse/2014_Kuwait... · ‐1 central service core ‐8 residential blocks](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa78b4940cd82184265ea83/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
model
![Page 10: al qadisiya, kuwait city sustainable urban retrofit and designweb.mit.edu/sustainabledesignlab/projects/UMIverse/2014_Kuwait... · ‐1 central service core ‐8 residential blocks](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa78b4940cd82184265ea83/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
promote walkability
outdoor comfort
daylight autonomy
energy intensity
![Page 11: al qadisiya, kuwait city sustainable urban retrofit and designweb.mit.edu/sustainabledesignlab/projects/UMIverse/2014_Kuwait... · ‐1 central service core ‐8 residential blocks](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa78b4940cd82184265ea83/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
walkability800 m
walkable radius
badgood
![Page 12: al qadisiya, kuwait city sustainable urban retrofit and designweb.mit.edu/sustainabledesignlab/projects/UMIverse/2014_Kuwait... · ‐1 central service core ‐8 residential blocks](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa78b4940cd82184265ea83/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
walkability‐ 200 m walkable radius
‐ block 5 amenities unreachable from block 8
‐ crosswalks help
without crosswalks
with crosswalks
badgood
![Page 13: al qadisiya, kuwait city sustainable urban retrofit and designweb.mit.edu/sustainabledesignlab/projects/UMIverse/2014_Kuwait... · ‐1 central service core ‐8 residential blocks](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa78b4940cd82184265ea83/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
walkability‐ block lengths must be shorter than walkable radius
‐ pedestrian paths within blocks for comfortable movement
‐ accompany increased density with additional amenities
low densitytype Itype II
high densitytype III
badgood
![Page 14: al qadisiya, kuwait city sustainable urban retrofit and designweb.mit.edu/sustainabledesignlab/projects/UMIverse/2014_Kuwait... · ‐1 central service core ‐8 residential blocks](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa78b4940cd82184265ea83/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
walkability
without crosswalks with crosswalks
base low densitytypes I, II
high densitytype III
base low densitytypes I, II
high densitytype III
![Page 15: al qadisiya, kuwait city sustainable urban retrofit and designweb.mit.edu/sustainabledesignlab/projects/UMIverse/2014_Kuwait... · ‐1 central service core ‐8 residential blocks](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa78b4940cd82184265ea83/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
promote walkability
outdoor comfort
daylight autonomy
energy intensity
![Page 16: al qadisiya, kuwait city sustainable urban retrofit and designweb.mit.edu/sustainabledesignlab/projects/UMIverse/2014_Kuwait... · ‐1 central service core ‐8 residential blocks](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa78b4940cd82184265ea83/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
outdoor comfort
type I
street too hot
courtyards remain comfortable
type II
overhangs keep street comfortable
courtyards overheat
type III
outdoor area remains cool
urban heat island?
base
street too hot
smaller courtyards remain comfortable
overheatcomfort
![Page 17: al qadisiya, kuwait city sustainable urban retrofit and designweb.mit.edu/sustainabledesignlab/projects/UMIverse/2014_Kuwait... · ‐1 central service core ‐8 residential blocks](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa78b4940cd82184265ea83/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
outdoor comfort
uncomfortable hours per year
base type Idetached
type IIoverhang
type IIIhighrise
![Page 18: al qadisiya, kuwait city sustainable urban retrofit and designweb.mit.edu/sustainabledesignlab/projects/UMIverse/2014_Kuwait... · ‐1 central service core ‐8 residential blocks](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa78b4940cd82184265ea83/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
promote walkability
outdoor comfort
daylight autonomy
energy intensity
![Page 19: al qadisiya, kuwait city sustainable urban retrofit and designweb.mit.edu/sustainabledesignlab/projects/UMIverse/2014_Kuwait... · ‐1 central service core ‐8 residential blocks](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa78b4940cd82184265ea83/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
daylight autonomy
type I
courtyards expose lower floors
reduced self‐shading
type II
shaded exterior areas
skylighting potential
type III
significant self‐shading
limited view to sky
base
highly variable
self‐shading common
brightdim
![Page 20: al qadisiya, kuwait city sustainable urban retrofit and designweb.mit.edu/sustainabledesignlab/projects/UMIverse/2014_Kuwait... · ‐1 central service core ‐8 residential blocks](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa78b4940cd82184265ea83/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
daylight autonomy
interior daylighting potential
base type Idetached
type IIoverhang
type IIIhighrise
![Page 21: al qadisiya, kuwait city sustainable urban retrofit and designweb.mit.edu/sustainabledesignlab/projects/UMIverse/2014_Kuwait... · ‐1 central service core ‐8 residential blocks](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa78b4940cd82184265ea83/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
promote walkability
outdoor comfort
daylight autonomy
energy intensity
![Page 22: al qadisiya, kuwait city sustainable urban retrofit and designweb.mit.edu/sustainabledesignlab/projects/UMIverse/2014_Kuwait... · ‐1 central service core ‐8 residential blocks](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa78b4940cd82184265ea83/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
energy use templates‐ original
‐ mass produced government constructed villas‐ poor construction‐ no insulation‐ single pane glazing
‐ retrofit‐ improvements made on the original homes, often by the homeowners
‐ cosmetic renovations to the façade‐ generic double pane glazing
![Page 23: al qadisiya, kuwait city sustainable urban retrofit and designweb.mit.edu/sustainabledesignlab/projects/UMIverse/2014_Kuwait... · ‐1 central service core ‐8 residential blocks](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa78b4940cd82184265ea83/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
energy use templates‐ modern
‐ privately built new construction‐ insulated‐ double pane glazing
‐ revised‐ based on 2010 Building Code‐ not yet applied to villas in the neighborhood‐ increased insulation‐ coated windows
![Page 24: al qadisiya, kuwait city sustainable urban retrofit and designweb.mit.edu/sustainabledesignlab/projects/UMIverse/2014_Kuwait... · ‐1 central service core ‐8 residential blocks](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa78b4940cd82184265ea83/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
energy use
revised
originalretrofitmodern
![Page 25: al qadisiya, kuwait city sustainable urban retrofit and designweb.mit.edu/sustainabledesignlab/projects/UMIverse/2014_Kuwait... · ‐1 central service core ‐8 residential blocks](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa78b4940cd82184265ea83/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
energy use
operational energy use embodied energy
base type Idetached
type IIoverhang
type IIIhighrise
base
revised
base type Idetached
type IIoverhang
type IIIhighrise
base
revised
![Page 26: al qadisiya, kuwait city sustainable urban retrofit and designweb.mit.edu/sustainabledesignlab/projects/UMIverse/2014_Kuwait... · ‐1 central service core ‐8 residential blocks](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa78b4940cd82184265ea83/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
promote walkability
outdoor comfort
daylight autonomy
energy intensity
![Page 27: al qadisiya, kuwait city sustainable urban retrofit and designweb.mit.edu/sustainabledesignlab/projects/UMIverse/2014_Kuwait... · ‐1 central service core ‐8 residential blocks](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa78b4940cd82184265ea83/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
summary
type IdetachedFAR 1.4
type IIoverhangFAR 1.4
type IIIhighriseFAR 5.5
baseFAR 1.4 488
energy usekWh/m2/yr
walkabilitymin ‐max
outdoorcomfortable hours
daylightaverage cDA
embodiedkWh/m2/yr
3 – 21% 78% 55% 25
321 7 – 37% 79% 69% 17
333 7 – 37% 84% 68% 22
298 20 – 45% 89% 26% 16
![Page 28: al qadisiya, kuwait city sustainable urban retrofit and designweb.mit.edu/sustainabledesignlab/projects/UMIverse/2014_Kuwait... · ‐1 central service core ‐8 residential blocks](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa78b4940cd82184265ea83/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
thank you