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Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental Sciences
Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey USA
http://envsci.rutgers.edu/~robock
Climate Dynamics11:670:461
Lecture 9, 10/3/13
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Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
SciencesFig. 5.3
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Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
Sciences
Climatological annual mean energy budget for 2000–2005 (W/m2). (Trenberth & Fasullo, 2011)https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/budgets-mass-moisture-energy
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Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
SciencesFig. 5.4
Global, annual average heat balance (W/m2)
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Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
Sciences
Climatological annual mean energy budget for 2000–2005 (W/m2). (Trenberth & Fasullo, 2011)https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/budgets-mass-moisture-energy
Planetary albedo (a) is the average reflectivity of the Earth = 102/341 = 0.30
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Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
Sciences
Climatological annual mean energy budget for 2000–2005 (W/m2). (Trenberth & Fasullo, 2011)https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/budgets-mass-moisture-energy
Outer Space:
Total = 341 W m‑2 – (239 + 102) W m‑2 = 0 W m‑2
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Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
Sciences
Climatological annual mean energy budget for 2000–2005 (W/m2). (Trenberth & Fasullo, 2011)https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/budgets-mass-moisture-energy
Outer Space:
Total = 341.3 W m‑2 – (238.5 + 101.9) W m‑2 = -0.9 W m‑2
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Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
Sciences
Climatological annual mean energy budget for 2000–2005 (W/m2). (Trenberth & Fasullo, 2011)https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/budgets-mass-moisture-energy
Atmosphere:
Total = (78 + 17 + 80 + 374) W m‑2 - (187 + 30 + 333) W m‑2 = -1 W m‑2
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Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
Sciences
Climatological annual mean energy budget for 2000–2005 (W/m2). (Trenberth & Fasullo, 2011)https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/budgets-mass-moisture-energy
Surface:
Total = (161 + 333) W m‑2 - (17 + 80 + 396) W m‑2 = 1 W m‑2
Greenhouse effect
T = 255 K
T = 288 K
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Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
SciencesFig. 5.5
Annual average incident solar
radiation (W/m2)
Annual average absorbed solar
radiationat top of atmosphere
(W/m2)
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Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
SciencesFig. 5.6 Planetary albedo
(%)
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Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
SciencesFig. 5.7
Dependence of water albedo on solar zenith angle, θZ
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Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
Sciences
Annual mean outgoing longwave radiation (W/m2)
Fig. 5.8
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Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
Sciences
Net radiation at top of atmosphere (W/m2)
Fig. 5.9
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Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
Sciences
Net radiation at top of atmosphere (W/m2)
Fig. 5.9
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Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
Sciences
Solar radiation absorbed at surface, SABS (W/m2)
Fig. 5.10
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Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
Sciences
Outgoing longwave radiation at surface, esT4 (W/m2)
Fig. 5.11a
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Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
Sciences
Downward back radiation at surface, FBACK (W/m2)
Fig. 5.11b
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Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
Sciences
Sensible heat flux at surface, HS (W/m2)
Fig. 5.12a
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Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
Sciences
Latent heat flux at surface, HL (W/m2)
Fig. 5.12b
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Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
Sciences
Horizontal and vertical heat fluxes at surface, FH + FV (W/m2)
Fig. 5.13
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Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
SciencesFig. 7.1
A thermally direct circulation
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Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
SciencesFig. 7.2
Annual mean, zonal mean meridional (m/s) and vertical velocities (interval 5 x 10-3 Pa/s)
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Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
SciencesFig. 7.3
Zonal mean stream function (x 1010 kg/s), positive is clockwise.
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Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
Sciences
http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7p.html
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Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
Sciences
http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7p.html
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Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
Sciences
http://www.geogonline.org.uk/g3a_ki2.1.htm
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Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
Sciences
http://www.personal.psu.edu/czn115/blogs/meteo241/2010/10/e-portfolio-2.html