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Amazing Grace
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William Wilberforce
• Amazing Grace is a 2006 film about the campaign against the slave trade in 18th century Britain, led by William Wilberforce, who was responsible for steering anti-slave trade legislation through the British parliament.
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British Abolitionists: Clarkson
• Thomas Clarkson (1760 –1846), abolitionist, was born at Wisbech, Cambridgeshire, England, and became a leading campaigner against the slave trade in the British Empire.
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British Abolitionists: Hannah Moore
• Hannah More (2 February 1745 – 7 September 1833) was an English religious writer and philanthropist who opposed the slave trade in Britain.
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William Pitt Opposed Slave Trade
• William Pitt, the Younger (1759 –1806) was a British politician of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. He became the youngest Prime Minister in 1783 at the age of 24.
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Document: African Prince Olaudah Equiano Survives Middle Passage
• The first political leader of Britain’s black community, Equiano was born in Nigeria and kidnapped by slave traders at the age of 11.
• A plaque was unveiled in October 2000 to celebrate his role in the abolition of slavery.
• He lived at 73 Riding House Street, W1, where he wrote his autobiography, the 'Interesting Narrative.'
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Evil Middle Passage
• Equiano wrote about his experience with the Middle Passage.
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John Newton
• The title is a reference to the hymn "Amazing Grace" and the film also recounts John Newton's writing of the hymn.
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British Parliament Abolishes Slave Trade
• The Slave Trade Act received the Royal Assent on 25 March 1807.
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How long had the Atlantic Slave Trade lasted? How many Africans?
• From the 15th century to the 19th century?
•15-20 million Africans
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Where did the Africans come from?
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Where did the Africans end up in the New World?
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Two Decades of Agitation
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Motivation of Abolitionists
•EvangelicalChristianity
• The Slave Trade was a social sin and moral evil that ought to be abolished.
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Motivation of British Parliament
• Self-Interest of British law makers. •?
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Self-Interest?• How would
abolishing slavery help advance and modernize the British Empire?
• White British leaders saw that slavery was an outdated labor system that would not work in a future industrialized, modernized empire.
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The vote in Parliament: 1807
• The Slave Trade Act passed the House of Commons by a vote of 283 votes to 16.
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Next Step: Abolish Slavery
• Slavery did not wither with the end of the slave trade in the British Empire, nor did the living conditions of the enslaved improve.
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Enforcing the ban on the Slave Trade
• The British Royal Navy patrolled the Atlantic intercepting slave ships from other countries.
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US abolishes African Slave Trade: 1808
• US Constitution put a 20 year limit on the international slave trade.
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1833: Parliament Abolishes Slavery in the British Empire
•Slavery Abolition Act of 1833
• When does the United States abolish the institution of racial slavery?
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What was the legacy of slavery?
• The legacy of slavery was centuries of white supremacy and white violence in the United States and the modern Western world.
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Legacy: White Racial Hatred
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The Slave System forged a unique African culture
• The Slave Community: Cultural Elements• 19th Century Black Identity• Common Theme: Black solidarity and
resistance1. Black family: Backbone of the community2. Religion: Provided leaders hope3. Folklore: Psychological payback4. Music and Dance: Emotional release