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AMENDED RULES ON EMPLOYEES' COMPENSATION
Statement of Authority
By virtue of the powers vested upon the Employees'
Compensation Commission under the Labor Code of the
Philippines, the following Rules are hereby adopted to implement
the provisions of Title II, Book IV of this Code.
RULE I
Coverage
Section 1. Nature — Coverage shall be compulsory.
Sec. 2. Scope — (a) Every employer shall be covered.
(b) Every employee not over sixty (60) years of age shall be
covered.
(c) An employee over sixty (60) years of age shall be covered if
he had been paying contributions to the System prior to age sixty
(60) and has not been compulsorily retired.
(d) An employee who is coverable by both the GSIS and SSS
shall be compulsorily covered by both Systems.Sec. 3. Employer — (a) The term shall mean any person, natural
or juridical, domestic or foreign, who carries on in the Philippines
any trade, business, industry, undertaking or activity of any kind
and uses the services of another person who is under his orders as
regards the employment.
(b) Any employer shall belong to either:
(1) The public sector covered by the GSIS, comprising the
National Government, including government-owned or controlled
corporations, the Philippine Tuberculosis Society, the Philippine
National Red Cross and the Philippine Veterans Bank; or
(2) The private sector covered by the SSS, comprising all
employers other than those defined in the immediately preceding
paragraph.
Sec. 4. Employee — (a) The term shall mean any person who
performs services for an employer as defined in Section 3 hereof.
(b)An employee shall belong to either:
(1) The public sector comprising the employed workers who are
covered by the GSIS, including the members of the Armed Forces
of the Philippines, elective officials who are receiving regular
salary, and any person employed as casual, emergency,
temporary, substitute, or contractual.
(2) The private sector comprising the employed workers who are
covered by the SSS.
Sec. 5. Foreign Employment — (a) Filipinos working abroad in
the service of an employer as defined in Section 3 hereof shall be
covered by the System, and entitled to the same benefits as are
provided for employees working in the Philippines.
(b) Medical services, including appliances and supplies for
Filipinos employed abroad rendered or provided in such place of
employment, shall be paid in accordance with, and subject to the
limitations fixed in, these Rules; provided that the Rules on
Accreditation shall not apply in these cases.
(c) The notice requirement under these Rules shall be strictly
applied.
(d) Medical certifications of physicians, and statement of
accounts of hospitals, when duly authenticated, are acceptable as
basis for payment, provided that the standards and rates payable
by the System shall be those provided for under these Rules.
Sec. 6. Effectivity — (a) Coverage of employers shall take effect
on the first day of operation but not earlier than January 1, 1975.
(b) Coverage of employees shall take effect on the first day of
employment.
RULE II
Registration
Sec. 1. Requirement — (a) Every employer shall register with the
System by accomplishing the prescribed forms.
(b) Every employee shall be registered with the System through
his employer by accomplishing the prescribed forms.Sec. 2. GSIS — The following guidelines shall apply to the
public sector:
(1) Every employer operating before January 1, 1975 shall
register not later than March 31, 1975;
(2) Every employer operating on or after January 1, 1975 shall
register within one month from the first day of operation; and
(3) Every employee shall be registered through his employer
within one month from the date of employment.
Sec. 3. SSS — (a) The following guidelines shall apply to the
private sector:(1) Every employer already registered need not register again, for
he is automatically registered.
(2) Every employer not yet registered shall register not later than
the first day of operation;
(3) Every employee already registered need not register again, for
he is automatically registered.
(4) Every employee not yet registered shall register not later than
the date of employment; and
(5) Only one registration is needed for SSS, Medicare and
Employees' Compensation.
(b) In case the employee has not yet been registered, he shall be
reported by his employer according to the following guidelines:
(1) Every employer already registered need not register again, for
he is automatically registered.
(2) Every newly hired employee shall be reported by his employer
not later than thirty (30) days from the date of employment; and
(3) Every employee shall be deemed as having been duly reported
for coverage if the System has received a report or written
communication paid in his name by his employer, before a
compensable contingency occurs.
Sec. 4. Penalty — Any violation under this Rule shall be
penalized as follows:
(1) In case of failure or refusal to register employees, the
employer or responsible official who committed the violation
shall be punished with a fine of not less than P1,000 nor more
than P10,000 and/or imprisonment for the duration of the
violation or non-compliance or until such time that rectification of
the violation has been made, at the discretion of the Court.
(2) In case a compensable contingency occurs after thirty (30)
days from employment and before the System receives any report
for coverage about the employee or EC contribution on his behalf,
his employer shall be liable to the System for the lump sum
equivalent of the benefits to which he or his dependents may be
entitled.
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RULE III
Compensability
Sec. 1. Grounds — (a) For the injury and the resulting disability
or death to be compensable, the injury must be the result of
accident arising out of and in the course of the employment. (ECC
Resolution No. 2799, July 25, 1984).
(b) For the sickness and the resulting disability or death to be
compensable, the sickness must be the result of an occupationaldisease listed under Annex "A" of these Rules with the conditions
set therein satisfied, otherwise, proof must be shown that the risk
of contracting the disease is increased by the working conditions.
Sec. 2. Occupational Diseases — (a) The diseases listed
in Annex "A" [herein below] of these Rules are occupational
when the nature of employment is as described therein.
(b) The employer shall require pre-employment examination of
all prospective employees; provide periodic medical examination
to employees who are exposed to occupational diseases and take
such other measures as may be necessary.(c) The periodic medical examination for the early detection of
occupational diseases shall be in accordance with the minimum
standards prescribed in Annex "B" hereof.
Sec. 3. Authority of the Commission — The Commission is
hereby authorized to determine and approve additional
occupational diseases and work-related illnesses with specific
criteria based on peculiar hazards of employment.
RULE IV
Liability
Sec. 1. Limitation — No compensation shall be allowed to the
employee or his dependents when the injury, sickness, disability,
or death was occasioned by any of the following:
(1) his intoxication;
(2) his willful intention to injure or kill himself or another; or
(3) his notorious negligence.
Sec. 2. Extent of Liability — (a) Unless otherwise provided, the
liability of the state insurance fund, shall be exclusive and in
place of all other liabilities of the employer to the employee or his
dependents or anyone otherwise entitled to receive damages on
behalf of the employee or is dependents.
(b) The payment of compensation under this title shall not bar the
recovery of benefits as provided for in Section 699 of the Revised
Administrative Code, Commonwealth Act No. 186, as amended,
Republic Act No. 6111, as amended, Republic Act No 1161, as
amended, Republic Act No. 610, as amended, Republic Act No.
4864, as amended, and other laws whose benefits are
administered by the System or by other agencies of the
government. (ECC Resolution No. 2799, July 25, 1984),
Sec. 3. Third Parties — When disability or death is caused by
circumstances creating a legal liability against a third party, the
disabled employee or the dependents in case of his death shall be
paid benefit from the System under these Rules. In case benefit is
claimed and allowed under these Rules, the System shall be
subrogated to the rights of the disabled employee or the
dependents in case of his death in accordance with existing laws.
Sec. 4. Unauthorized Changes — The System shall not be liable
for compensation for unauthorized changes in medical services,
appliances, supplies, hospitals, rehabilitation services, or
physicians. Should there be any reason for such changes, the
employee or his dependents shall notify the System and secure its
prior consent before the change may be effected.
Sec. 5. Medical Reports — (a) An employee enjoying temporary
total disability benefits shall submit to the System a monthly
medical report on his disability certified by his attending
physician, otherwise his benefit shall be suspended until such
time that he complies with this requirement.
(b) An employee enjoying permanent disability benefit where thedisability resulted from a disease shall submit to the System a
quarterly medical report on his disability certified by his
physician, otherwise his benefit shall be suspended until such
time that he complies with his requirement.
RULE V
Employer's Contribution
Sec. 1. Rate and Amount — Subject to the following conditions,
contributions under these Rules shall be paid in their entirety bythe employer and any contract or device for the deduction of any
portion thereof from the wages or salary of the employees shall be
null and void:
(1) For a covered employee in the public sector, his employer
shall remit to the GSIS a monthly contribution equivalent to one
percent of the actual wages or salary received by him as of the
last day of the month but not to exceed P30 per employee. (ECC
Resolution No. 1451 dated December 27, 1979).
(2) For a covered employee in the private sector, his employer
shall remit to the SSS a monthly contribution equivalent to one
percent (1%) of his monthly salary credit as of the last day of the
month, in accordance with the following schedule:
Salary Range of Wage Monthly Employer's
Bracket or Salary Contribution
I bra P1 P49.99 P25 P0.25
II br 50 99.99 . 75 0.75
III 100 149.99 125 1.25
IV 150 199.99 175 1.75
V b 200 249.99 225 2.25
VI 250 349.99 300 3.00
VII l 350 499.99 425 4.25
VIII 500 699.99 600 6.00
IX 700 899.99 800 8.00
X b 900 over 1,000-3,000 10.00
(3) When a covered employee dies during employment, or is
separated from employment, his employer's obligation to pay the
monthly contribution arising from that employment shall cease on
the last day of the month of contingency.
(4) When a covered employee becomes disabled during
employment, his employer's obligation to pay the monthlycontribution arising from that employment shall be suspended
during such months that he is not receiving salary or wages.
(5) No refund of contribution shall be allowed under these Rules.
Sec. 2. Remittance — Contributions shall start in January 1975
and every month thereafter for as long as the employee has
earnings. The initial contribution for the month of January 1975
shall be remitted by employer to the System in February 1975,
unless some other arrangement has been agreed by the System
and the employer.
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Sec. 3. Penalty — Any violation of the provisions on
contribution under these Rules shall be penalized as follows:
(1) Any employer who is delinquent in his contributions shall be
liable to the System for the benefits which may have been paid to
his employees or their dependents, and any benefit and expenses
to which such employer is liable shall constitute a preferred lien
on all his property, real or personal, over any credit except taxes;
(2) The payment by the employer of the lump sum equivalent of
such liability shall absolve him from the payment of thedelinquent contributions due and payable during the calendar year
of the contingency and penalty thereon with respect to the
employee concerned, but said employer shall be subject to
criminal liability;
(3) In case of such delinquency, the employer or responsible
official who committed the violation shall be punished with a fine
of not less than P1,000 nor more than P10,000 and/or
imprisonment for the duration of the violation or non-compliance
or until such time that a rectification of the violation has been
made, at the Court's discretion;(4) If any contribution is not paid to the SSS as prescribed under
these Rules, the employer shall pay, besides the contribution, a
penalty thereon of three percent (3%) a month from the date the
contribution falls due until paid.
(Note: Under ECC Resolution No. 1243 dated Jan. 18, 1979, the
System shall pay the employee or his dependents all benefits due
them under P.D. No. 626, as amended, without prejudice on its
part to proceed against the erring employer).
RULE VI
Definitions Related to Credited Earnings
Sec. 1. Quarter — A period of three consecutive calendar months
ending on the last day of March, June, September and December.
Sec. 2. Semester — A period of two consecutive quarters ending
in the quarter of contingency.
Sec. 3. Monthly Salary Credit — The wage base for
contributions or the actual salary, as provided in Section 1 of Rule
V hereof. If earnings are derived from more than one
employment, it shall be determined on the basis of the aggregate
earnings from all employments, but not exceeding P1,000 in the
case of SSS and P3,000 in the case of GSIS.
Sec. 4. Wages or Salary — Insofar as they refer to the
computation of benefits, means the monthly remuneration as
defined in Republic Act No. 1161, as amended, for SSS and
Presidential Decree No. 1146, as amended, for GSIS,
respectively, except that part in excess of Three Thousand
Pesos. (ECC Resolution No. 3682, July 21, 1987).
Sec. 5. Average Monthly Salary Credit — (a) In the case of the
SSS, it is the result obtained by dividing the sum of the monthly
salary credits in the 60-month period immediately preceding the
semester of death or permanent disability, injury or sickness, by
the number of months of coverage in the same period, except:
(1) Where death or permanent disability falls within eighteen (18)
months from the month of coverage, it is the result obtained by
dividing the sum of all monthly salary credits paid prior to the
month of death or permanent disability by the number of calendar
months of coverage in the same period; and
(2) Where death or permanent disability falls within the month of
coverage, it is the actual salary received during the calendar
month or its corresponding monthly salary credit.
(b) The day of injury or sickness which caused the disability shall
be vested as the reckoning date for the purpose of computing the
average monthly salary credit.
(c) In the case of the GSIS, the average monthly salary credit is
the quotient after dividing the aggregate compensations received
by the member or employee for the last three years immediately preceding his death, permanent disability, injury or sickness, by
the number of months he received said compensation, or three
thousand pesos, whichever is smaller.
Sec. 6. Average Daily Salary Credit — (a) In the case of the SSS,
it is the result obtained by dividing the sum of the six (6) highest
monthly salary credits in the 12-month period immediately
preceding the semester of sickness by 180, except for the
following cases:
(1) Where the injury falls within 12 calendar months from the
month of coverage, it is the result obtained by dividing the sum of all monthly salary credits by 30 and by the number of months of
coverage, excluding the month of injury; and
(2) Where the injury falls within the month of coverage, it is the
actual salary received during the calendar month or its
corresponding monthly salary credit divided by 30.
(b) In the case of the GSIS, the average daily salary credit shall be
determined as follows:
(1) If the salary or wage is based on an hourly rate, it is the hourly
rate times the number of hours required to work during the month
of contingency divided by 22.
(2) If the salary or wage is based on a daily rate, it is the daily rate
times the number of days required to work per month divided by
22.
(3) If the salary or wage is based on a monthly rate, it is the
monthly rate divided by 22.
(4) If the employee has worked for less than one month, his daily
salary credit is the actual daily wage or salary of the monthly
wage or salary divided by the actual number or days worked
during the month of contingency.
Sec. 7. Replacement Ratio — In the case of the SSS, it is the sum
of twenty percent (20%) and the quotient obtained by dividing
three hundred by the sum of three hundred forty and the average
monthly salary by credit.
Sec. 8. Credited Years of Service — For a member covered prior
to January 1975, nineteen hundred seventy five minus the
calendar year of coverage, plus the number of calendar years in
which six or more contributions have been paid from January
1975 up to the calendar year containing the semester prior to the
contingency. For a member covered in or after January 1975, the
number of calendar years in which six or more contributions have
been paid from the year of coverage up to the calendar year
containing the semester prior to the contingency.
Sec. 9. Monthly Income Benefit — (a) In the case of the SSS, it
is the amount equivalent to one hundred fifteen percent (115%) of
the sum of:
The average monthly salary credit multiplied by the replacement
ratio and one and a half percent (1-1/2%) of the average monthly
salary credit for each credited year of service in excess of ten
years: Provided, That the monthly income benefit shall in no case
be less than P250. Provided, However, That the monthly pension
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of surviving pensioners shall be increased automatically and
simultaneously to the extent that the fifteen percent (15%)
difference in monthly income benefit between EC and SS and the
twenty percent (20%) difference in monthly income benefit
between EC and GSIS, be maintained. (L.O.I. 1286; ECC
Resolution No. 2799, July 25, 1984).
(b) In the case of the GSIS, the monthly income benefit shall be
the basic monthly pension as defined in PD 1146 plus twenty
percent (20%) thereof, but shall not be less than P250, nor morethan the actual salary at the time of contingency. (ECC Resolution
No. 2799, July 25, 1984).
RULE VII
Benefits
Sec. 1. Types of Benefits — The benefits under Employees'
Compensation are in the form of income or services, and consists
of the following: (1) medical services, appliances and supplies;
(2) rehabilitation services; (3) temporary total disability benefit;(4) permanent total disability benefit; (5) permanent partial
disability benefit; (6) death benefit; and (7) funeral benefit.
Sec. 2. Disability — (a) A total disability is temporary if as a
result of the injury or sickness the employee is unable to perform
any gainful occupation for a continuous period not exceeding 120
days, except as otherwise provided for in Rule X of these Rules.
(b) A disability is total and permanent if as a result of the injury
or sickness the employee is unable to perform any gainful
occupation for a continuous period exceeding 120 days, except as
otherwise provided for in Rule X of these Rules.
(c) A disability is partial and permanent if as a result of the injury
or sickness the employee suffers a permanent partial loss of the
use of any part of his body.
Sec. 3. Income Benefit — The disability or death resulting from
the injury or sickness is compensable by cash payments, and not
the injury or sickness itself, except in the case of permanent
partial disability.
Sec. 3-A. Income Benefit for Permanent Partial Disability — In
the case where the period covered for payment of income benefit
for permanent partial disability does not exceed twelve (12)
months, the System may pay in lump sum or in monthly pension,
otherwise income benefit shall be paid in monthly pension.
Sec. 4. Services — The injury or sickness is compensable by
medical services, appliances, supplies and rehabilitation services.
Sec. 5. Deprivation — No contract, regulation or device
whatsoever shall operate to deprive the employee or his
dependents of any part of the income benefits, and medical or
related services, except as provided under these Rules. Existing
medical services being provided by the employer shall be
maintained and continued to be enjoyed by his employees.
Sec. 6. Prescriptive Period — No claim for compensation shall
be given due course unless said claim is filed with the System
within three years from the time the cause of action
accrued. (ECC Resolution No. 2799, July 25, 1984).
RULE VIII
Medical Services, Appliances, and Supplies
Sec. 1. Condition to Entitlement — Any employee shall be
entitled to such medical services, appliances and supplies as the
nature of his disability and the progress of his recovery may
require, subject to the expense limitation as contained in Annex
"C" hereof, if all of the following conditions are satisfied:
(1) He has been duly reported to the System;(2) He sustains an injury or contracts sickness; and
(3) The System has been duly notified of the injury or sickness.
Sec. 2. Period of Entitlement — The medical services,
appliances, and supplies shall be provided to the afflicted
employee beginning on the first day of injury or sickness, during
the subsequent period of his disability, and as the progress of his
recovery may require, subject to Section 5 of Rule IV.
Sec. 3. Extent of Services — (a) The employee is entitled to the
benefits only of the ward services of an accredited hospital and
accredited physician. However, if the employee choosesaccommodations better than ward services the excess of the total
amount of expenses incurred over the benefits provided
under Annex "C" hereof, shall be borne by the employee. For this
purpose, "ward" means a hospital room that can accommodate six
or more patients.
(b) The hospital shall provide all the medicines, drugs, or supplies
necessary for the treatment of the employee at a cost not
exceeding the retail prices prevailing in local drug stores.
(c) Payments shall be made directly to the providers of such
services in such amount as are prevailing in the community for
similar services or provided under the schedule set forth in Annex
"C" of these Rules, whichever is less.
RULE IX
Rehabilitation Services
Sec. 1. Definition of Terms — As used in this Rule unless
otherwise indicated by the context, the following definition of
terms are hereby adopted.
(a) Rehabilitation. The process by which there is provided a
balanced program of remedial treatment, vocational assessment,
and preparation, designed to meet the individual needs of each
handicapped employee to restore him to suitable employment,
including assistance as may be within its resources to help each
rehabilitee to develop his mental, vocational, or social potential.
(b) Rehabilitee. A disabled individual undergoing rehabilitation
(student-rehabilitee or trainee) or who has finished a prescribed
course in rehabilitation in which he is known as a graduate-
rehabilitee or trainee.
(c) Rehabilitation Center. An organized service of varied
rehabilitation measures usually located in one site for
rehabilitation of disabled individuals. (E.g.: the WRCC-the
Center).
(d) Rehabilitation Facility. An organized service offering one or
more types of service for the rehabilitation of the handicapped
individual.
(e) Governing Board. For this purpose, the Workers
Rehabilitation Center Complex shall receive policy guidance
from and shall be under the general management of, the
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Employees' Compensation Commission, which is hereby
constituted as its Governing Board.
Whenever necessary, the Governing Board may create an
Advisory Council that shall act as a Consultative and Advisory
Body, to be composed of representatives from the National
Commission on Rehabilitation, the Ministry of Health, the
Institute of Public Health of the University of the Philippines, and
such other specialized associations and organizations on
rehabilitation as may be needed.(f) Placement Officer. A person practicing the allied medical
profession or discipline specialized in psychology of the
handicapped and whose responsibility is to personally advise and
guide the disabled individual to acceptance into a job.
(g) Suitable Employment. Remunerative occupation giving the
rehabilitee earnings at least equal to the statutory minimum wage.
Sec. 2. Nature and effectivity of coverage. — (a) Coverage under
this Rule shall be voluntary.
(b) Coverage under this Rule shall take effect upon completion of
registrationSec. 3. Condition to Entitlement — Any employee shall be
entitled to rehabilitation services, if all of the following conditions
are satisfied:
(1) He has been reported to the System;
(2) He sustains a permanent disability as a result of a
compensable injury or sickness as defined in these Rules;
(3) He has not been placed in suitable employment.
Sec. 4. Period of Entitlement — Rehabilitation services shall be
provided during the period of the disability unless such services
are suspended or terminated under any of the following
conditions:
(1) Upon suitable employment;
(2) Upon suspension or termination of such services by the
Rehabilitation Center;
(3) By self-termination.
Sec. 5. Extent of Services — Rehabilitation services shall consist
of medical-surgical management, hospitalization, necessary
appliances and supplies, vocational training, and assistance for
placement. (Transportation allowance between place of residence
and the rehabilitation facility, lunch, and dormitory allowances in
appropriate cases may be included in the extent of services).
Sec. 6. Rehabilitation Centers — There shall be established a
Workers Rehabilitation Center Complex, and such other
rehabilitation centers or services as the needs of occupationally
disabled employees, whether from private or public sector, may
require.
Sec. 7. Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities — Hospitals
accredited under Rule XVII of these Rules; rehabilitation
facilities, vocational and training centers and their personnel
participating in the work of rehabilitation accredited by the
Philippine Academy of Rehabilitation Medicine (PARM) may
apply for accreditation.
Sec. 8. Liability Limitations — The System shall not be legally
responsible when the injury, sickness, disability, or death during
the rehabilitation is occasioned by any of the following: (1) his
intoxication; (2) his willful intention to injure or kill himself or
another; (3) his notorious negligence.
Sec. 9. Suspension, Termination and Appeal —
(a) Grounds. For adequate and duly proven causes and upon
recommendation of the rehabilitation counselor, the student-
rehabilitee may be suspended or terminated by the Center.
(b) Appeal. The decision of the Center may be appealed within
fifteen (15) days from notice thereof to the Governing Board
whose decision shall be final and executory.
Sec. 10. Placement — Arrangement for placement of the
rehabilitee shall be an integral part of the rehabilitation program.
Sec. 11. Participation of the System — As incentive to the participating employers in the on-the-job training and possible
employment of the rehabilitee, the System may enter into
agreement with the employer to participate in the payment of
wages of the placed rehabilitee as follows:
(1) 50% of the wages for the first two weeks after the start of the
on-the-job training;
(2) 25% of the wages for the third and fourth weeks of the on-the-
job training;
(3) 10% of the wages for the fifth and sixth weeks of the on-the-
job training;(4) 0% of the wages for the rest of the period of the on-the-job
training.
Sec. 12. Reports — Reports to the Governing Board on the
progress of activities of rehabilitation program shall be submitted
by the Center once every 3 months as often as necessary.
RULE X
Temporary Total Disability
Sec. 1. Condition to Entitlement — An employee shall be
entitled to an income benefit for temporary total disability if all of
the following conditions are satisfied:
(1) He has been duly reported to the System;
(2) He sustains the temporary total disability as a result of the
injury or sickness, and
(3) The System has been duly notified of the injury or sickness
which caused his disability.
His employer shall be liable for the benefit if such illness or
injury occurred before the employee is duly reported for coverage
to the system.
Sec. 2. Period of Entitlement — (a) The income benefit shall be
paid beginning on the first day of such disability. If caused by an
injury or sickness it shall not be paid longer than 120 consecutive
days except where such injury or sickness still requires medical
attendance beyond 120 days but not to exceed 240 days from
onset of disability in which case benefit for temporary total
disability shall be paid. However, the System may declare the
total and permanent status at any time after 120 days of
continuous temporary total disability as may be warranted by the
degree of actual loss or impairment of physical or mental
functions as determined by the System.
(b) After an employee has fully recovered from an illness as duly
certified to by the attending physician, the period covered by any
relapse he suffers, or recurrence of his illness, which results in
disability and is determined to be compensable, shall be
considered independent of, and separate from, the period covered
by the original disability. Such a period shall not be added to the
period covered by his original disability in the computation of his
income benefit for temporary total disability (TTD). (ECC
Resolution No. 1029, August 10, 1978).
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Sec. 3. Amount of Benefit — Any employee entitled to benefit
for temporary total disability shall be paid an income benefit
equivalent to 90 percent (90%) of his average daily salary credit,
subject to the following conditions:
(1) The daily income benefit shall not be less than P10.00 nor
more than P90.00 nor paid longer than 120 days for the same
disability, unless the injury or sickness requires more extensive
treatment that lasts beyond 120 days, but not to exceed 240 days
from onset of disability, in which case he shall be paid benefit for temporary total disability during the extended period.
(2) The monthly income benefit shall be suspended if the
employee fails to submit a monthly medical report certified by its
attending physician as required under Sec. 5 of Rule IV
hereof. (Resolution No. 3682, July 21, 1987).
RULE XI
Permanent Total Disability
Sec. 1. Conditions to Entitlement — (a) An employee shall beentitled to an income benefit for permanent total disability if all of
the following conditions are satisfied:
(1) He has been duly reported to the System;
(2) He sustains the permanent total disability as a result of injury
or sickness; and
(3) The System has been duly notified of the injury or sickness
which caused his disability.
His employer shall be liable for the benefit if such injury or
sickness occurred before the employee is duly reported for
coverage to the System.
(b) The following total disabilities shall be considered permanent:
(1) Temporary total disability lasting continuously for more than
120 days, except as otherwise provided for in Rule X hereof.
(2) Complete loss of sight of both eyes;
(3) Loss of two limbs at or above the ankle or wrist;
(4) Permanent complete paralysis of two limbs;
(5) Brain injury resulting in incurable imbecility and insanity,
and
(6) Such cases as determined by the System and approved by the
Commission.
Sec. 2. Period of Entitlement — (a) The full monthly income
benefit shall be paid for all compensable months of disability.
(b) After the benefit under Employees' Compensation shall have
ceased as provided under the preceding paragraph, and if the
employee is otherwise qualified for benefit for the same disability
under another law administered by the System, he shall be paid a
benefit in accordance with the provisions of that law. This
paragraph applies to contingencies which occurred prior to May
1, 1978.
(c) Except as otherwise provided for in other laws, decrees,
orders, or letters of instructions, the monthly income benefit shall
be guaranteed for five (5) years and shall be suspended under any
of the following conditions:
(1) Failure to present himself for examination at least once a year
upon notice by the System
(2) Failure to submit a quarterly medical report certified by his
attending physician as required under Sec. 5 of Rule IV hereof;
(3) Complete or full recovery from his permanent disability; or
(4) Upon being gainfully employed.
Sec. 3. Amount of Benefit — (a) In the case of the SSS:
(1) Any employee entitled to permanent total disability benefit
shall be paid by the System a monthly income benefit as defined
in Sec. 8 (a), [sic] Rule VI of these Rules.
(b) The number of months of paid coverage shall be the number
of monthly contributions remitted to the System including
contributions other than for Employees' Compensation if paid
before March 31, 1975. The full monthly income benefit shall be
paid for all compensable months of disability.
(c) The first day preceding the semester of temporary totaldisability shall be considered for purposes of computing the
monthly income benefit for permanent total disability.
Sec. 4. Amount of Benefit for Dependent Children. — (a) Each
dependent child, but not exceeding five, counted from the
youngest and without substitution, shall be entitled to ten (10%)
percent of the monthly income benefit of the employee. These
Rules shall not apply to causes of action which accrued before
May 1, 1978.
Sec. 5. Entitlement to the New Income Benefit Under PD 1641
— (a) The new amount of the monthly income benefit computedunder these amended Rules shall be applicable to all
contingencies occurring on or after January 1, 1980. However, for
contingencies which occurred before May 1, 1978, the limitation
of P12,000 or 5 years, whichever comes first, shall be enforced.
In the case of the SSS, the present monthly income benefit of
current pensioners shall be increased by twenty percent (20%)
effective January 1, 1980.
In the case of the GSIS, the monthly income benefit of current
pensioners shall be adjusted and recomputed to reflect the twenty
percent (20%) increase over the benefit under PD 1146 effective
January 1, 1980.
Sec. 6. Aggregate Monthly Benefit Payable — Except the benefit
to dependent children under Section 4 of this Rule, the aggregate
monthly benefit payable, in the case of the GSIS, shall in no case
exceed the monthly wage or salary actually received by the
employee as of the date of his permanent total disability. (ECC
Resolution No. 2819, August 9, 1984).
RULE XII
Permanent Partial Disability
Sec. 1. Conditions to Entitlement — (a) An employee shall be
entitled to an income benefit of permanent partial disability if all
of the following conditions are satisfied:
(1) He has been duly reported to the System;
(2) He sustains the permanent partial disability as a result of the
injury or sickness; and
(3) The System has been duly notified of the injury or sickness
which caused his disability.
His employer shall be liable for the benefit if such injury or
sickness occurred before the employee is duly reported for
coverage to the System.
(b) For purposes of entitlement to income benefits for permanent
partial disability, a covered employee shall continue to receive the
benefits provided thereunder even if he is gainfully employed and
receiving his wages or salary.
Sec. 2. Period of Entitlement — (a) The income benefit shall be
paid beginning on the first month of such disability, but not
longer than the designated number of months in the following
schedule:
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Complete and permanent No. of loss of the use of Months
One thumb 10
One index finger 8
One middle finger 6
One ring finger 5
One little finger 3
One big toe 6
Any toe 3One arm bra 50
Complete and permanent No. of loss of the use of Months
One hand 39
One foot 31
One leg bra 46
One ear bra 10
Both ears b 20
Hearing of one ear 10
Hearing of both ears 50
Sight of one eye 25
(b) A loss of a wrist shall be considered a loss of the hand, and a
loss of an elbow shall be considered a loss of the arm; a loss of an
ankle shall be considered a loss of the foot, and a loss of a knee
shall be considered a loss of the leg; a loss of more than one joint
shall be considered a loss of the whole finger or toe, and a loss of
only the first joint shall be considered a loss of one-half of the
whole finger or toe. Other permanent partial disabilities shall be
determined by the Medical Officer of the System.
(c) The degree of permanent disability shall be equivalent to the
ratio that the designated number of compensability bears to 75.
Sec. 3. Amount of Benefit — (a) Any employee entitled to
permanent partial disability benefit shall be paid by the System a
monthly income benefit for the number of months indicated in
Section 2 hereof. If the indicated number of months exceeds
twelve, the income benefit shall be paid in monthly pension;
otherwise, the System may pay income benefit in lump sum or in
monthly pension.
(b) In case of permanent partial disability less than the total loss
of the member, the same monthly income shall be paid for a
portion of the period established for the total loss of the member in accordance with the proportion that the partial loss bears to the
total loss. If the result is a decimal fraction, the same shall be
rounded off to the next higher integer.
(c) In case of simultaneous loss of more than one member or a
part thereof, the same monthly income shall be paid for a period
equivalent to the sum of the periods established for the loss of the
member or part thereof but not exceeding 75. If the result is a
decimal fraction, the same shall be rounded off to the higher
integer.
(d) The new amount of the monthly income benefit computedunder these amended Rules shall be applicable to all
contingencies occurring on or after January 1, 1980. However, for
contingencies which occurred before May 1, 1978, the limitation
of P12,000 or 5 years, whichever comes first, shall be enforced.
In the case of the SSS, the present monthly income benefit of
current pensioners shall be increased by twenty percent (20%)
effective January 1, 1980.
In the case of the GSIS, the monthly income benefit of current
pensioners shall be adjusted and recomputed to reflect the twenty
percent (20%) increase over the benefit under P.D. 1146 effective
January 1, 1980.
Sec. 4. Unlisted Injuries and Illnesses — (a) In cases of injuries
or illnesses not listed in the schedule under Section 2 hereof, the
benefit shall be an income benefit equivalent to the percentage of
the permanent loss of the capacity for work. (Non-Scheduled
Disabilities).
RULE XIIIDeath
Sec. 1. Conditions to Entitlement — (a) The beneficiaries of a
deceased employee shall be entitled to an income benefit if all of
the following conditions are satisfied:
(1) The employee had been duly reported to the System;
(2) He died as a result of an injury or sickness; and
(3) The System has been duly notified of his death, as well as the
injury or sickness which caused his death.
His employer shall be liable for the benefit if such death occurred before the employee is duly reported for coverage to the System.
(b) If the employee has been receiving monthly income benefit
for permanent total disability at the time of his death, the
surviving spouse must show that the marriage has been validly
subsisting at the time of his disability.
Sec. 2. Period of Entitlement —
A. For primary beneficiaries:
(a) The income benefit shall be paid beginning at the month of
death and shall continue to be paid for as long as the beneficiaries
are entitled thereto.
(b) The monthly income benefit shall be guaranteed for five years
which in no case shall be less than fifteen thousand pesos
(P15,000.00). Thereafter, the beneficiaries shall be paid the
monthly income benefit for as long as they are entitled
thereto. (ECC Resolution No. 2799, July 25, 1984).
B. For Secondary beneficiaries:
(a) The income benefit shall be sixty (60) times the monthly
income benefit of a primary beneficiary which in no case [shall]
be less than P15,000.00, which shall likewise be paid in monthly
pension (ECC Resolution No. 2799, July 25, 1984).
Sec. 3. Amount of Benefit — (a) In the case of primary
beneficiaries, the monthly income benefit shall be equivalent to
the monthly income benefit for permanent total disability, which
shall be guaranteed for five years, increased by ten percent (10%)
for each dependent child but not exceeding five (5), beginning
with the youngest and without substitution: provided that, the
aggregate monthly benefit payable in the case of the GSIS shall in
no case exceed the monthly wage or salary actually received by
the employee at the time of his death; and provided further, that
the minimum income benefit shall not be less than fifteen
thousand pesos (P15,000.00). The death benefit shall be paid
during the entire period for which they are entitled thereto.
If the employee has been receiving income benefits for permanent
total disability at the time of his death, the primary beneficiaries
shall be paid the monthly income benefit equivalent to eighty
percent (80%) plus the dependent's pension equivalent to ten
percent (10%) thereof for every dependent child but not
exceeding five (5) counted from the youngest and without
substitution.
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(b) In the case of secondary beneficiaries, the income benefit is
payable in monthly pension which shall not exceed the period of
sixty (60) months and the aggregate income benefit shall not be
less than P15,000.00
If the employee has been receiving monthly income benefit for
permanent total disability at the time of his death, the secondary
beneficiaries shall be paid the monthly pension, excluding the
dependent's pension of the remaining balance of the five-year
guaranteed period. (ECC Resolution No. 2799, July 25, 1984). Sec. 4. Entitlement to the New Income Benefit Under PD 1641
— The new amount of the monthly income benefit computed
under these amended Rules shall be applicable to all
contingencies occurring on or after January 1, 1980. However, for
contingencies which occurred before May 1, 1978, the limitation
of P12,000 or five (5) yeas, whichever comes first, shall be
enforced.
In the case of the SSS, the present monthly income benefit of
current pensioners shall be increased by twenty percent (20%)
effective January 1, 1980.In the case of the GSIS, the monthly income benefit of current
pensioners shall be adjusted and recomputed to reflect the twenty
percent (20%) increase over the benefit under PD 1146 effective
January 1, 1980.
Sec. 5. The new amount of lump sum benefit computed under
these Amended Rules shall be applicable to all contingencies
occurring on or after May 1, 1980, otherwise entitlement thereto
shall be governed by the immediately preceding Section.
RULE XIV
Funeral Benefit
Sec. 1. Entitlement to Funeral Benefit — A funeral benefit of
Three Thousand Pesos (P3,000.00) shall be paid upon the death of
a covered employee or permanently totally disabled pensioner to
one of the following:
(a) the surviving spouse; or
(b) the legitimate child who spent for the funeral services; or
(c) any other person who can show incontrovertible proof of his
having borne the funeral expenses. (ECC Resolution No. 3682,
July 21, 1987).
RULE XV
Beneficiaries
Sec. 1. Definition — (a) Beneficiaries shall be either primary or
secondary, and determined at the time of employee's death.
(b) The following beneficiaries shall be considered primary:
(1) The legitimate spouse living with the employee at the time of
the employee's death until he remarries; and
(2) Legitimate, legitimated, legally adopted or acknowledgednatural children, who are unmarried not gainfully employed, not
over 21 years of age, or over 21 years of age provided that he is
[sic] incapacitated and incapable of self-support due to physical
or mental defect which is congenital or acquired during minority;
Provided, further, that a dependent acknowledged natural child
shall be considered as a primary beneficiary only when there are
no other dependent children who are qualified and eligible for
monthly income benefit; provided finally, that if there are two or
more acknowledged natural children, they shall be counted from
the youngest and without substitution, but not exceeding
five. (ECC Resolution No. 2799, July 25, 1984).
(c) The following beneficiaries shall be considered secondary:
(1) The legitimate parents wholly dependent upon the employee
for regular support;
(2) The legitimate descendants and illegitimate children who are
unmarried, not gainfully employed, and not over 21 years of age,
or over 21 years of age provided that he is [sic] incapacitated and
incapable of self-support due to physical or mental defect whichis congenital or acquired during minority.
Sec. 2. Priority — (a) Primary beneficiaries shall have priority
claim to death benefit over secondary beneficiaries. Whenever
there are primary beneficiaries, no death benefit shall be paid to
secondary beneficiaries.
(b) If the deceased employee has no primary beneficiaries at the
time of his death, the death benefit shall be paid to his secondary
beneficiaries.
(c) If the deceased employee has no beneficiaries at the time of
his death, the death benefit shall accrue to the Employees'Compensation Fund.
Sec. 3. Primary beneficiaries shall be entitled to a monthly
income benefit. In their absence, the secondary beneficiaries shall
be entitled to a monthly income benefit not to exceed sixty (60)
months and the death benefit shall not be less than
P15,000.00. (ECC Resolution No. 2799, July 25, 1984).
RULE XVI
Employers' Records And Notices
Sec. 1. Notice by Employee — The notice of sickness, injury or
death shall be given to the employer by the employee, his
dependents or anybody on his behalf, within five (5) days from
the occurrence of the contingency. Said notice is not necessary
where the employer or his representative already had knowledge
thereof, or the contingency occurred during working hours at the
work place.
Sec. 2. Employer's Logbook — Every employer shall keep a
logbook to record chronologically the sickness, injury, or death of
his employees, within five (5) days from due notice thereof.
Sec. 3. Notice by Employer — The notice of sickness, injury, or
death for cases which the employer deems to be work-connected
shall be submitted to the System by the employer within five (5)
days from due entry thereof in his logbook in a form prescribed
by the System.
Sec. 4. Visitorial Power — The employer's logbook prescribed in
these Rules shall be made available for inspection to any duly
authorized representative of the System during working hours.
Sec. 5. Penalty — Any employer who fails to record in his
logbook the sickness, injury, or death of any of his employees
within five (5) days from knowledge or receipt of due notice
thereof as prescribed herein, gives false information or withholds
material information already in his possession, shall be liable to
fifty percent (50%) of the lump sum equivalent of the income
benefit to which the employee may be found to be entitled and/or
a fine of not less than P500 nor more than P5,000 and
imprisonment for not less than six (6) months nor more than one
(1) year, at the discretion of the Court. The sum paid by the
employer under this Section shall accrue to the Employees'
Compensation Fund of the System.
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RULE XVII
Accreditation
Sec. 1. Minimum Requirements for Accreditation — (a) A
physician may be accredited for purposes of the Employees'
Compensation Program upon his application if he is a doctor of
medicine duly licensed to practice in the Philippines and an active
member in good standing of the Philippine Medical Association.
(b) A Hospital may likewise be accredited upon application if:(1) it is an institution primarily engaged in providing to in-
patients, by or under the supervision of physicians, diagnostic and
therapeutic services of their medical diagnosis, treatment and
care;
(2) it is adequately equipped with facilities for physicians to treat
injured or sick persons;
(3) it maintains clinical records on all patients;
(4) it has by-laws concerning its medical staff;
(5) it provides 24-hour nursing services by itself or is supervised
by a registered professional nurse; and has a licensed practicalnurse or registered professional nurse on duty at all times;
(6) it requires that every patient must be under the care of a
physician;
(7) it is licensed by the Bureau of Medical Services of the
Ministry of Health;
(8) it meets the health and safety requirements of the Ministry of
Health and Ministry of Labor;
(9) it maintains a Utilization Review Committee as provided for
in Section 3 of this Rule; and
(10) it is a member in good standing of the Philippine Hospital
Association.
(c) A rehabilitation facility may be accredited upon application if:
(1) it is an institution engaged in providing to in-patients, by or
under the supervision of physicians (specialized in rehabilitation
medicine, in neurology, or in neuro-surgery, or in internal
medicine, or in orthopedic surgery), diagnostic or therapeutic
services in rehabilitation practice;
(2) it is adequately equipped with facilities for physical medicine
rehabilitation (PMR);
(3) it maintains clinical records on all patients;
(4) it has by-laws concerning its medical staff;
(5) it requires that every patient must be under the care of a
physician;
(6) it is licensed by the Bureau of Medical Services of the
Ministry of Health;
(7) it meets the health and safety requirements of the Ministry of
Health and Ministry of Labor and Employment; and
(8) it maintains a Utilization Review Committee as provided for
in Section 3 of this Rule.
Sec. 2. Conditions on Accredited Hospitals or Rehabilitation
Facilities and Physicians or Rehabilitation Specialists — (a) An
accredited hospital or rehabilitation facility binds itself:
(1) not to collect from the patient any amount for ward services;
(2) to provide adequate services on a non-discriminating basis;
(3) to limit charges for ward rates approved by the Commission,
including, but not limited to, laboratory ward rates, laboratory
facilities, x rays, stools, drugs, medical attendance and the
Relative Value Scale (RVS) for surgical procedures, etc.;
(4) to abide by these rules on accreditation;
(5) to have its house rules conform to the requirements of the
Commission;
(6) to subject its facilities to inspection at any time by duly
authorized representatives of the Commission or the System.
(b) An accredited physician binds himself:
(1) not to collect from the patient any amount for ward services;
(2) to provide adequate services on a non-discriminating basis;
and
(3) to abide by these rules on accreditation.Sec. 3. Utilization Review — (a) Every hospital or rehabilitation
facility shall have a Utilization Review Committee, composed of
at least two physicians or rehabilitation specialists, to help assure
the most effective use of rehabilitation facilities, hospitals, and
services by reviewing admissions each day on a sample basis and
all long-stay cases.
(b) The Committee shall decide in every specific case being
reviewed, whether or not care in a hospital is medically necessary.
In every case, the Committee shall discuss its findings with the
patient's doctor before making a decision.(c) The Committee shall advise in writing the patient, his doctor
and the hospital of its decision only if it has been decided that
care in a hospital is not medically necessary, in which case no
payment for room and board shall be made by the System.
Sec. 4. Coverage of Services — (a) Payment for services shall
ordinarily be made only to an accredited rehabilitation facility or
hospitals and accredited physicians.
(b) Non-accredited rehabilitation facilities or hospitals and non-
accredited physicians shall be paid only for emergency services.
No payment can be made to them for services rendered after the
emergency has ended.
Sec. 5. Emergency Services — (a) Those services which are
necessary to prevent the death or serious impairment of the health
of the individual, and which necessitate the use of the most
accessible hospital available and equipped to furnish such
services.
(b) An emergency no longer exists when it becomes safe from a
medical standpoint to move the patient to an accredited hospital,
or to discharge him, whichever occurs first.
(c) The determination that the patient's condition requires
emergency services or that an emergency has ended shall be
based on the physician's evaluation and, when appropriate, on the
patient's medical record and other additional data furnished by the
hospital.
(d) Claims filed by non-accredited hospitals and non-accredited
physicians for payment of emergency services shall be
accompanied by a physician's statement.
(e) The physician's statement shall describe the nature of the
emergency, furnish relevant clinical information about the
condition of the patient, and state that the services rendered were
necessary to prevent the death of the individual or the serious
impairment of the health. A bare statement that an emergency
existed is not sufficient.
(f) In addition, when in-patient services are involved, the
statement shall include the date when, it the physician's judgment,
the emergency ceased.
Sec. 6. Referral — Immediately upon knowledge by the
employer of his employee's injury or sickness at the work place,
he shall, in addition to the medical and dental facilities which the
pertinent provisions of the Code and these Rules on Accreditation
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may require him to furnish, cause the employee to be brought by
the fastest available means of transportation to the duly accredited
physician or hospital nearest or most accessible to the employee's
place of work.
Sec. 7. Violation of Conditions and Requirements, Penalties —
(a) An accredited hospital or physician shall be disaccredited for
violation of any of the conditions and requirements under Section
1 and 2 hereof without prejudice to the imposition of penalties
under Rule XIX if applicable or to any other penalty which theCommission may impose.
(b) The cancellation or invalidation of accreditation of a physician
or hospital shall be effective on the date of notice of the
disaccreditation.
(c) In case of disaccreditation, the physician or the hospital shall
carry the disqualification wherever its physical identity is found.
Mere change of legal personality shall not defeat the
disqualification imposed.
(d) Disaccreditation shall be lifted only on application and upon
showing of good cause and effective upon approval by theCommission. As soon as accreditation is duly restored, the
hospital or physician concerned shall be allowed to participate in
the Employee's Compensation Program.
RULE XVIII
Settlement of Claims
Sec. 1. Services — (a) The claim for medical benefits shall be
filed in a prescribed form by the accredited physician or
accredited hospital directly with the System.
(b) The claim for emergency services shall be filed in a prescribed
form by any physician or hospital.
Sec. 2. Income Benefit — The claim for income benefit shall be
filed in a prescribed form by the employee, his dependents or his
employer, on his behalf, directly with the System. Failure to file
the claim within three (3) years from the time the cause of action
accrued, shall forever bar the right to benefits granted under these
Rules. (ECC Resolution No. 2799, July 25, 1984).
Sec. 3. Adjudication — Upon receipt of the claim, the System
shall process the same and determine whether or not the injury,
sickness, disability, or death is compensable.
Sec. 4. Additional Requirements — If the supporting papers of
the claim are insufficient to make proper determination, the
System shall require the submission of additional proofs from the
employee or his dependents, or from any office, entity, or agency,
public or private, or from any person, having knowledge of the
contingency.
Sec. 5. Appeal — Within ten (10) days from receipt of the letter
of denial or the affirmation of the denial, as the case may be, the
claimant shall inform the System in writing of his desire to appeal
the decision of the System. Upon receipt of such appeal, the
System shall within five (5) days forward the entire record of the
case to the Commission for review.
RULE XIX
Review by the Commission
Sec. 1. Decision En Banc — Within thirty (30) working days
from receipt of an appeal case, the Commission shall review and
decide said case. Four affirmative votes shall decide the case.
However, if only a quorum of four members are present, 3
affirmative votes shall decide the case. No motion for
reconsideration of the decision or resolution of the Commissionen banc shall be entertained.
Sec. 2. Payment of Awards — Decisions, orders, or resolutions
of the Commission en banc awarding compensation shall be
complied with by the System within fifteen (15) days from receipt
of the notice thereof.
Sec. 3. Other Decisions — In all other cases involving payments
to be made by the employer, decisions, orders, and resolutions of
the Commission en banc which have become final and executory
shall be enforced and executed in the same manner as decisions of
the Court of First Instance, and the Commission shall have the power to issue to the City or Provincial Sheriff or to the Sheriff it
may appoint, such writs of execution as may be necessary for the
enforcement of such decisions, orders, or resolutions.
Sec. 4. Failure to Comply — Any person or persons who fail or
refuse to comply with the writ of execution issued by the
Commission shall be punished for contempt by the proper court.
In the case of a corporation, trust, firm, partnership, association,
or any other entity, the manager or officer-in-charge when the
offense was committed, shall be responsible.
RULE XX
Penalties
Sec. 1. Penalty for Failure to Install and Maintain Safety Devices,
etc. — The System shall determine for purposes of imposing the
penalty provided in Art. 200 of the Code, whether the employer's
sickness, injury or death was due to the failure of the employer to
comply with any health and safety law, or failure to install and
maintain safety devices in accordance with standards set by the
Commission, or take other precautions for the prevention of the
sickness, injury, or death. The requisite standards shall be set by
the Commission within six (6) months after the effectivity of
these Rules.
Sec. 2. Penal Provisions — (a) The penal provisions of R.A.
1161, as amended, and C.A. 186, as amended, with regard to the
funds as are thereunder being paid to, collected, or disbursed by
the System shall be applicable to the collection, administration,
and disbursement of Employees' Compensation Fund of the
System. The penal provisions on coverage shall also be
applicable.
(b) Any person who, for the purposes of securing entitlement to
any benefit or payment under these Rules or the issuance of any
certificate or document for any purpose whether for him or for
some other persons, commits fraud, collusion, falsification,
misrepresentation of facts, or any other kind of anomaly shall be
punished with a fine of not less than P5,000 and imprisonment for
not less than 6 months nor more than one year, at the discretion of
the court.
(c) If the act penalized is committed by any person who has been
or is employed by the Commission or System or a recidivist, the
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imprisonment shall not be less than one year; if committed by a
lawyer, physician, or other professional, he shall in addition to the
penalty prescribed herein be disqualified from the practice of his
profession; and if committed by an official, employee or
personnel of the Commission, System, or any government
agency, he shall in addition to the penalty prescribed herein, be
dismissed with prejudice to re-employment in the government
service.
RULE XXIImplementing Provision
Sec. 1. Effectivity — These amended Rules and Regulations
shall take effect June 1, 1987.
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GSIS v. MONTESCLAROS
FACTS: Milagros assail unconstitutionality of section 18 PD
1146 being violative of due process and equal protection clause.
When her husband died, she filed in GSIS for claim for
survivorship pension. GSIS denied claim, it said surviving spouse
has no right of survivorship pension if the surviving spouse
contracted the marriage with the pensioner within three years
before the pensioner qualified for the pension.
HELD: There is denial of due process when it out rightly denies
the claim for survivorship. There is outright confiscation of
benefits due the surviving spouse without giving her an
opportunity to be heard. There is also violation of equal
protection. A proviso requiring certain number of years of
togetherness in marriage before the employee’s death is valid to
prevent sham marriages contracted for monetary gains. Here, it is
3 years before pensioner qualified for the pension. Under this,
even if the dependent spouse married the pensioner more than 3
years before the pensioner’s death, the dependent spouse would
still not receive survivorship pension if the marriage took place
within 3 years before the pensioner qualified for pension. The
object of prohibition is vague. There is no reasonable connection
between the means employed and the purpose intended.
The surviving spouse of a government employee is entitled to
receive survivor’s benefits under a pension system. However,
statutes sometimes require that the spouse should have married
the employee for a certain period before the employee’s death to
prevent sham marriages contracted for monetary gain. One
example is the Illinois Pension Code which restricts survivor’s
annuity benefits to a surviving spouse who was married to a state
employee for at least one year before the employee’s death. The
Illinois pension system classifies spouses into those married less
than one year before a member’s death and those married one
year or more. The classification seeks to prevent conscious
adverse risk selection of deathbed marriages where a terminally
ill member of the pension system marries another so that person becomes eligible for benefits. In Sneddon v. The State
Employee’s Retirement System of Illinois, the Appellate Court of
Illinois held that such classification was based on difference in
situation and circumstance, bore a rational relation to the purpose
of the statute, and was therefore not in violation of constitutional
guarantees of due process and equal protection. A statute based
on reasonable classification does not violate the constitutional
guaranty of the equal protection of the law. The requirements for
a valid and reasonable classification are: (1) it must rest on
substantial distinctions; (2) it must be germane to the purpose of
the law; (3) it must not be limited to existing conditions only; and
(4) it must apply equally to all members of the same class. Thus,
the law may treat and regulate one class differently from another
class provided there are real and substantial differences to
distinguish one class from another. The proviso in question does
not satisfy these requirements. The proviso discriminates against
the dependent spouse who contracts marriage to the pensioner
within three years before the pensioner qualified for the pension.
Under the proviso, even if the dependent spouse married the
pensioner more than three years before the pensioner’s death, the
dependent spouse would still not receive survivorship pension if
the marriage took place within three years before the pensioner
qualified for pension. The object of the prohibition is vague.
There is no reasonable connection between the means employed
and the purpose intended. The law itself does not provide any
reason or purpose for such a prohibition. If the purpose of the
proviso is to prevent “deathbed marriages "then we do not seewhy the proviso reckons the three-year prohibition from the date
the pensioner qualified for pension and not from the date the
pensioner died. The classification does not rest on substantial
distinctions. Worse, the classification lumps all those marriages
contracted within three years before the pensioner qualified for
pension as having been contracted primarily for financial
convenience to avail of pension benefits. Indeed, the classification
is discriminatory and arbitrary. This is probably the reason
Congress deleted the proviso in Republic Act No. 8291 (“RA
8291”), otherwise known as the “Government Service Insurance
Act of 1997,” the law revising the old charter of GSIS (PD1146).
Under the implementing rules of RA 8291, the surviving spouse
who married the member immediately before the member’s death
is still qualified to receive survivorship pension unless the GSIS
proves that the surviving spouse contracted the marriage solely to
receive the benefit. Thus, the present GSIS law does not presume
that marriages contracted within three years before retirement or
death of a member are sham marriages contracted to avail of
survivorship benefits. The present GSIS law does not
automatically forfeit the survivorship pension of the surviving
spouse who contracted marriage to a GSIS member within three
years before the member’s retirement or death. The law
acknowledges that whether the surviving spouse contracted the
marriage mainly to receive survivorship benefits is a matter of evidence. The law no longer prescribes a sweeping classification
that unduly prejudices the legitimate surviving spouse and defeats
the purpose for which Congress enacted the social legislation.
WHEREFORE, the petition is DENIED for want of merit. We
declare VOID for being violative of the constitutional guarantees
of due process and equal protection of the law the proviso in
Section 18 of Presidential Decree No. 1146, which proviso states
that “the dependent spouse shall not be entitled to said pension if
his marriage with the pensioner is contracted within three years
before the pensioner qualified for the pension.” The Government
Service Insurance System cannot deny the claim of Milagros O.
Montesclaros for survivorship benefits based on this invalid proviso.
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[A.M. No. P-95-1167. December 21, 1998]
CARMELITA L. LLEDO, complainant, vs . ATTY. CESAR V.
LLEDO, Branch Clerk of Court, Regional Trial Court,
Branch 94, Quezon City, respondent .
D E C I S I O N
PER CURIAM :
Court personnel, from the judge to the lowest clerk, are
invested with the sacred duty to maintain the good name and
standing of the institution they serve. A court employee abdicatesthat duty when he abandons his family and openly cohabits with
his mistress. He aggravates his culpability by falsely representing
his paramour to be his lawful wife.
This principle is applied by the Court in resolving the
present Administrative Complaint for immorality, abandonment
and conduct unbecoming a public official. Filed on February 4,
1994 by Mrs. Carmelita Lledo against her husband, Atty Cesar V.
Lledo, branch clerk of court of the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of
Quezon City, said Complaint presented the facts as follows:
"That sometime last year (1993) I received some information that
he is keeping a paramour, which information I verified, as a resultof which, I personally came to know that my husband is living
with another woman named Katrina Narvaez with whom he has
children[. A] certified true copy of the Birth Certificate of his son
named Ryan Narvaez Lledo, is hereto attached marked as 'Annex
B';
"That the other children's birth certificates named Don and
Kathleen are still for release by the National Statistics Office;
"That when I was able to secure a copy of the Birth Certificate of
Ryan, I immediately went to see the specified address at 240 Rd. I
Pag-asa, Quezon City, only to be informed by Mrs. Songco, their
landlady that they transferred to another apartment in Burol I StaCruz Village, Balagtas Bulacan because they had a serious
altercation which resulted in the filing of three (3) cases namely:
IS No. 92-15883, Oral Defamation and Grave Threats, IS No. 92-
16957, Grave Threats, Malicious Mischiefs and Physical Injuries
and IS No. 92-15650 for Slight Physical Injuries, xerox copies of
which are hereto attached and marked as Annex 'C', 'D' and 'E'
respectively;
"That on November 12, 1992, Atty. Cesar Lledo executed an
affidavit subscribed and sworn to on [the] same date by the
Assistant City Prosecutor, Perpetuo L.B. Alonzo, Fiscal['s]
Office, Quezon City, attesting to the truth that Katrina is his wife
and that they are tenants or lessees of one of the rooms of thehouse of Mrs. Dolores Songco, xerox copy of which is hereto
attached as Annex 'G';
"That they lived as husband and wife at 240 Rd. I, Pag-asa as
evidenced by a contract entered into by his paramour K.N. Lledo,
xerox copy of which is attached and marked as Annex 'F' and that
Katrina and Atty. Lledo are known in the community as husband
and wife;
"That upon knowledge of my husband's infidelity which caused
irreparable psychological and emotional damage to the children
and gross humiliation I suffered as the lawful wife, I immediately
wrote a formal letter (xerox copy of which is hereto attached asAnnex 'H') to Judge Pedro Santiago, Executive Judge of the
Quezon City Regional Trial Court, copy furnished Atty. Lledo's
immediate superior, Judge Romeo Zamora, Regional Trial Court
Branch 94, requesting xxx a dialogue which never transpire[d]
because my husband refused to see me;
"That Atty. Lledo with his paramour Katrin had been transferring
their residence from 240 Rd. I Pagasa, Quezon City, to Burol I
Sta. Cruz Village, Balagtas, Bulacan and at present at Santol
Burol 5, Balagtas, Bulacan, maintaining their illicit relationship
up to the present;
"That such, actuations of Atty. Lledo [constitute] disgraceful and
immoral conduct violative of the provisions of Administrative
Code of 1987 (PD 807) and RA 6713 (Code of Conduct and
Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees); and,
"That I am executing this affidavit to attest to the truthfulness of
the foregoing statements and as basis for my complaint against
my husband for immorality, abandonment and for conduct
unbecoming xxx a public official."[1]
In his Comment, respondent denied all the materialallegations of the complainant and stated:
"That since the birth of all their children, respondent has not been
remiss in his obligation to provide for their support as he is still
paying the matriculation fees of their youngest daughter who is
taking up [the] Degree of Bachelor of Psychology in an amount of
not less than P9,000.00 per semester, more or less. Additionally,
he (respondent) caused the employment of his two (2) sons, both
married namely Eric - employed at the sala of Judge Lucas
Bersamin, and Cesar, Jr., - employed at the National Power
Corporation.
"Additionally, the amount obtained on the maturity of his GSISPolicy was all utilized for the payment of all the debts incurred
due to advances made to pay the needs of his children especially
for payment of tuition fees and other miscellaneous needs of the
children.
"The filing of the case was triggered on the unfounded ground or
claim that the petitioner [would] not [get] her alleged one-half
share of the respondent's pension. The said ground is untrue and
bias[ed]. The truth of the matter is respondent will be paying the
amortized house and lot and will give the complainant her one-
half share of the pension."[2]
On August 28, 1996, the Court referred the Complaint and theComment to then Executive Judge Pedro T. Santiago, RTC,
Quezon City, for investigation, report and recommendation.
Finding that the Report of Judge Santiago was not
responsive, in fact totally irrelevant, to the issue in the case, the
Court on September 30, 1997 asked the new executive judge,
Hon. Estrella Trias-Estrada, to reinvestigate the matter.
After a thorough investigation, wherein both the
complainant and the respondent were accorded the opportunity to
present their respective causes and to cross-examine each other's
witnesses, Judge Trias-Estrada submitted her Report, the pertinent
portions of which are quoted hereunder:
"From the evidence on record, the undersigned has reason to
believe the claim of complainant Carmelita Lledo that respondent
ha[s] indeed abandoned her and their children sometime in 1987
without giving adequate support to their four legitimate children
and [that] he had established a second family with one Katrina
Narvaez and their own set of children. In the affidavit-complaint
dated November 12, 1992 which respondent Cesar Lledo filed
before the Quezon City Prosecutor's Office executed under oath
(Exhibit 'J"), respondent Lledo gave the name [of] Katrina as his
wife and [of] xxx Don as his child. The complaint-affidavit was
filed in connection with a serious altercation he had with one
Dolores Songco, the landlady/administrator of the house at No.
240, Road I, Pag-asa, Quezon City where he and Katrina lived
together as husband and wife with their children. The cases filed
by him were oral defamation through malicious mischief and
slight physical injuries. These cases, however, were dismissed by
Judge Tolentino of the MTC. The affidavit-complaint of
respondent is in effect an admission that he considered Katrina
Narvaez as his wife and Don as his child. Complainant was also
able to secure a birth certificate of one Ryan Narvaez Lledo
whose father's name is Czar Diaz Lledo with address at No. 240
Rd. I, Pag-asa, Quezon City. Although the name of the purported
father appears to be different, Czar Diaz Lledo, it is obvious that
it is a typographical error or perhaps, it was intentionally
misspelled that way because it was Katrina Narvaez who
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furnished that dat[um] in said certificate of live birth. But despite
the erroneous spelling, said certificate of live birth became the
key to the discovery of the address of the respondent after he left
their conjugal dwelling.
"The complainant was able to get information through Dolores
Songco, the landlady of respondent and Katrina Narvaez Lledo
who gave a full account of the relationship of respondent and
Katrina who[m] she personally observed to have conducted
themselves as husband and wife; that Don was four years old
when he was brought to said residence as their son and where the
two other children Ryan and Kat[h]leen were conceived and
born. Dolores Songco categorically stated that respondent and
Katrina lived in the house where she is the administrator together
with her from June, 1988 up to November 7, 1992.
"Respondent Lledo did not make any [categorical] denial of the
charges. His answers were only that he did not know said
Katrina, that he did not also [know] Ryan, but the only reason that
he left the conjugal dwelling [was] that his wife was a complete
nagger and was not performing her duties as a responsible wife
and mother, that it was he who performed the household chores
and often he would bring to his office one of his children to take
care of. He also denied that he was not giving financial support
but his wife who never spent any single cent. He admitted thatthe signature appearing in the affidavit-complaint marked as
Exhibit 'J' which was the basis of the criminal charges against
Dolores Songco is his signature.
"Between the oral and documentary evidence of the complainant
and the oral denials and admissions made by the respondent, the
inevitable conclusion is that the charges against respondent Lledo
are true. The abandonment of complainant and their children
apparently came about when respondent Lledo was already at the
JDRC and had started to have drinking buddies and later on a
sweetheart. And in 1987 he already completely left the conjugal
dwelling to establish a second family and for the purpose, he and
Katrina with their son Don, established their residence in a roomin the house at No. 240, Road I, Pag-asa, Quezon City which was
being administered by one Dolores Songco for and in behalf of
her brother who is living in the United States. Such second
family stayed in said residence for four (4) years, lived as a
complete family without the benefit of marriage and therefore
was living in an immoral status which is a ground for dismissal of
a government official or employee. Considering that respondent is
holding a high government position which requires him to be of
good moral character and fit to perform his functions as Branch
Clerk of Court, his actuations [are] not a good example to his
subordinates.
"IN VIEW OF THE FOREGOING, it is respectfullyrecommended that the corresponding penalty of dismissal from
the service be meted [out to] respondent Atty. Cesar V. Lledo."
In its September 2, 1998 Memorandum addressed to the
Office of the Chief Justice, the Office of the Court Administrator
(OCA) agreed with the findings of Judge Estrada and
recommended that Atty. Cesar Lledo be dismissed from the
service for disgraceful and immoral conduct.
The Court agrees with the recommendations of Judge
Estrada and the OCA that respondent should be sanctioned.
The Court has emphasized time and again that "the conduct
and behavior of everyone connected with an office charged with
the dispensation of justice, from the presiding judge to the sheriff
and to the lowliest clerk, should be circumscribed with the heavy
burden of responsibility."[3] In a similar case, the Court has further
held that "a court personnel, being a public servant, must exhibit
the highest sense of honesty and integrity not only in the
performance of his official duties but also his personal and private
dealings with other people, to preserve the court's good name and
standing."[4] The Court has also admonished court personnel that
their conduct "should be geared towards maintaining the prestige
and integrity of the court, for the image of a court of justice is
necessarily mirrored in the conduct, official or otherwise, of the
men and women who work thereat, from the judge to the least and
lowest of its personnel; hence, it becomes the imperative and
sacred duty of each and everyone in the court to maintain its good
name and standing as a temple of justice."[5]
In the present case, sufficient proof, both oral and
documentary, was presented to show that Respondent Lledo
abandoned his conjugal dwelling without providing support for
his legitimate children and subsequently cohabited with Katrina
Narvaez with whom he had three children. It is beyond dispute
that respondent flaunted his disregard of the fundamental
institution of marriage and his elementary obligation to provide
for his legitimate children. Worse, he executed several SwornStatements that he was lawfully wedded to his mistress.
Clearly, the respondent in this case has failed to comply
with the strict standards required of court employees. His
conduct betrays an unscrupulous streak that has, in turn, tarnished
the image of the judiciary.
We impose on respondent the penalty of dismissal, in line
with numerous similar cases. In Sicat v. Alcantara ,[6] the Court
dismissed a clerk of court and a judge for maintaining an illicit
amorous relationship with each other. In Castillo v.
Calano g [7] and in Dy Teban Hardware & Auto Supply v.
Tapucar ,[8] respondent judges were also dismissed from the
service for moral obtuseness in maintaining mistresses and for immoral advances against the complainants. These cases
demonstrate, as we do once again, that "exacting standards of
morality and decency have been strictly adhered to and laid down
by the highest Court of the land in regard to those in the service of
the judiciary xxx."[9] "In fact, moral integrity is more than a
virtue; it is a necessity in the judiciary."[10] Because respondent
clerk of court has failed to perform his imperative duty to
maintain the prestige and integrity of the judiciary, he has
forfeited his privilege to partake in the administration of justice.
Moreover, the conduct for which he is here penalized affects
not only his qualifications as a court employee, but also as a
member of the bar. For this reason, the Court hereby refers the
case to the Board of Governors of the Integrated Bar of thePhilippines, pursuant to Section 1 of Rule 139-B of the Rules of
Court.[11]
WHEREFORE, Cesar V. Lledo, branch clerk of court of
RTC, Branch 94, Quezon City, is hereby DISMISSED from the
service, with forfeiture of all retirement benefits and leave credits
and with prejudice to reemployment in any branch or
instrumentality of the government, including any government-
owned or controlled corporation. This case is REFERRED to the
IBP Board of Governors pursuant to Section 1 of Rule 139-B of
the Rules of Court.
SO ORDERED.
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G.R. Nos. 98395-102449 June 19, 1995
GOVERNMENT SERVICE INSURANCE SYSTEM,
petitioner, vs. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION and DR.
MANUEL BARADERO, respondents.
GOVERNMENT SERVICE INSURANCE SYSTEM,
petitioner, vs. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION and
MATILDE S. BELO, respondents
In our decision dated October 28, 1994 we held that governmentservice rendered on a per diem basis is not creditable in
computing the length of service for retirement purposes. Thus, we
reversed the questioned resolutions and orders of the Civil
Service Commission (CSC) requiring the Government Service
Insurance System (GSIS) to consider creditable the services of
private respondents on a per diem basis.
However, private respondent Matilde S. Belo in G.R. No 102449
filed a motion for reconsideration dated 17 November 1994, of
this Court 's decision of October 28, 1994. She insists that the
services rendered by her as Vice Governor of Capiz, between
December 31, 1975 to January 1, 1979, be considered as
creditable for purposes of retirement. The Government ServiceInsurance System likewise filed a motion for reconsideration on
November 22, 1984 in behalf of both private respondents Belo
and Dr. Manuel Baradero on essentially the same grounds. We
shall deal with both motions together.
While what respondents Belo and Baradero received were
denominated as " per diem," the amounts received were actually in
the nature of a compensation or pay. What should therefore be
considered as controlling in both cases would be the nature of
remuneration, not the label attached to it.
Respondent Belo held the position of Vice-Governor of Capiz
continuously between January 5, 1972 up to February 1, 1988.From January 25, 1972 up to December 31, 1979, she held office
by virtue of an election and was paid a fixed salary. 1 From
December 31, 1979 up to February 1, 1988, she held the position
of Vice Governor of Capiz in a holdover capacity, broken down
into two periods: 2
1. A period in which she was paid on a per diem
basis from December 31, 1976 to December 31,
1979; and
2. A period in which she was paid a fixed salary
— from January 1, 1980 to February 1,1988.
In its June 7, 1989 Resolution 3 on the matter, CSC held that the
services rendered for the first holdover period between January
31, 1976 to January 1, 1979 was creditable for purposes of
retirement. CSC noted that during the entire holdover period,
respondent Belo actually served on a full time basis as Vice
Governor and was on call 24 hours a day. Disagreeing with the
CSC's insistence that the period in which respondent Belo was
paid on a per diem basis should be credited in computing the
number of years of creditable service to the government, GSIS
subsequently filed a petition for certiorari before this court,
questioning the orders of the CSC. Agreeing that per diems were
not compensation within the meaning of Section 1(c) of R.A.
1573 which amended Section 1(c) of C.A. No. 186 (GovernmentService Insurance Act), we granted the petitions in G.R. Nos.
98395 and 102449, 4 and reversed the CSC Orders and
Resolutions in question.
ISSUE
Whether or not regular service in government on a per diem basis,
without any other form of compensation or emolument, is
compensation within the contemplation of the term "service with
compensation" under the Government Service Insurance Act of
1987.
HELD
We are convinced that the " per diem" she received was actually
paid for in the performance of her duties as Vice-Governor of
Capiz in a holdover capacity not as the per diem referred to by
section 1(c) of R.A. No 1573 which amended Section 1(c) of C.A.
No. 186 (Government Insurance Service Act). A closer look at the
aforecited provision, moreover, reveals a legislative intent to
make a clear distinction between salary, pay or compensation, on
one hand, and other incidental allowances, including per diems on
the other. Section 1(c) provides:
(c) Salary, pay or compensation shall be
construed as to exclude all bonuses, per diems,
allowances and overtime pay, or salary, pay or
compensation given to the base pay of the
position or rank as fixed by law or regulations. 5
Since it is generally held that an allowance for expenses incident
to the discharge of an office is not a salary of office, 6 it follows
that if the remuneration received by a public official in the
performance of his duties does not constitute a mere "allowance
for expenses" but appears to be his actual base pay, then no
amount of categorizing the salary as base pay, a " per diem" would
take the allowances received by petitioner from the term service
with compensation for the purpose of computing the number of
years of service in government. Furthermore, it would grossly
violate the law's intent to reward the public servant's years of
dedicated service to government for us to gloss over the
circumstances surrounding the payment of the said remunerations
to the petitioner in taking a purely mechanical approach to the
problem by accepting an attached label at face value.
In the sense in which the phrase " per diem" is used under the
Government Service Insurance Law, a per diem is a daily
allowance given for each day an officer or employee of
government is away from his home base. 8 This is its traditional
meaning: its usual signification is as a reimbursement for extra
expenses incurred by the public official in the performance of his
duties. 9 Under this definition the per diem intended to cover the
cost of lodging and subsistence of officers and employees when
the latter are on duty outside of their permanent station. 10
The clear intent of the Government Insurance Law was to exclude
those extra incidental expenses or incurred on a daily basis
covered by the traditional definition of the term per diem. An
important fact missed from our earlier decision was that, while
respondent Belo was paid on a per diem basis during her first
holdover period as Vice Governor she was subsequently paid a
fixed salary, which apparently rectified an otherwise anomalous
situation. The services rendered by respondent Belo having been
continuous, the disputed period should be credited for purposes of
retirement.
The distinctions between salary and per diem made hereinabove
were in fact adverted to in our original decision dated October 28,
1994. In explaining the allowance of service rendered on a per
diem basis in the case of Inocencio vs. Ferrer of the Social
Security System, we noted with approval the Government Service
Insurance System's explanation that the per diem service which
was credited for purposes of retirement was Commissioner
Ferrer's full time service as Hearing Officer not his per diem
service for attendance at Board Meetings. Even then, we
indirectly noted the difference between per diem paid as
compensation for services rendered on a full time basis and per
diem as allowance for incidental expenses. Respondent Belo
asserts, with reason, that the per diems paid to her, while
reckoned on the basis of attendance in Board Meetings, were for
her full time services as Vice Governor of the Province of Capiz.
In fact, the same service, albeit still on a holdover basis, was
eventually paid with a fixed salary.
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Cena v CSC
Facts:
Gaudencio Cena worked for 7 years as a Legal Officer of the Law
Dep’t of Caloocan City. He was then transferred to the Office of
the Congressman where he worked as a Supervising Staff Officer
for 3 months. He was then appointed as Registrar of the RD
(Register of Deeds) in Malabon. In total, he has rendered gov’t
service for 11 years, 9 months and 6 days. Before reaching his
65th bday, he requested the LRA Administrator that he be allowed
to extend his service to complete the 15-year service requirement
to enable him to retire with full benefits of old age pension.
The LRA Administrator sought a ruling from the CSC. The CSC
denied the extension but Cena filed a motion for reconsideration.
This time around, CSC granted a 1-yr extension to him. Cena still
filed a case against CSC for grave abuse of discretion when it
granted an extension of only 1 yr. He contends that the law(Sec
11, PD 1146 also known as Revised Gov’t Insurance Act) does
not limit or specify the maximum number of years the retiree may
avail of to complete the 15-year service. Thus, the CSC has noauthority to limit through a memorandum the number of years.
In defense, CSC said that since it is the central personnel agency
of the gov’t, it is vested with power to grant or allow extension of
service beyond retirement age.
Issue:
Whether or not Cena is allowed to continue in the service to
complete the 15-year service requirement?
Held:
Yes. An administrative circular, such as a memorandum of the
CSC cannot limit PD 1146, on extension of service of employees
who reach 65. While it is true that CSC is given the authority to
take appropriate action on all appointments and other personnel
matters in the Civil Service, it cannot extend to matters not
covered. The CSC’s authority is limited only to carrying into
effect what PD 1146 says. It cannot go beyond the terms and
provisions of the basic law.
The CSC Memorandum, being in the nature of an administrative
regulation, must be governed by the principle that a regulation
must be in harmony with the provisions of the law and should be
for the sole purpose of carrying into effect its general provisions.
CSC has no power to supply or add perceived omissions in PD1146.
RABOR V. CSC
Facts:
Dionisio M. Rabor is a Utility Worker in the Office of
the Mayor, Davao City. He entered the government service as a
Utility Worker on 10 April 1978 at the age of 55 years. Sometime
in May 1991, an official in the Office of the Mayor of Davao
City, advised Dionisio M. Rabor to apply for retirement,
considering that he had already more than 68 years old. Rabor
responded by showing a GSIS certificate with a notation to theeffect that his service is extended for him to complete the 15-
years requirement for retirement. The Davao City Government
wrote to the Regional Director of the Civil Service Commission,
Region XI, Davao City informing the latter of the foregoing and
requesting advice as to what action should be taken on Rabor’s
case. Director Caward replied by saying that Rabor’s continued
employment is contrary to OP M.C. No. 65 hence, it is non-
extendible. Mayor Duterte furnished Rabor a copy of Cawad’s
letter and order him not to work anymore. Rabor asked Director
Cawad for extension of his job until he completed the 15-year
requirement but was denied. Rabor then asked OP for an
dextension. His request was referred by OP to CSC and thereafter
CSC denied Rabor’s request. Rabor asked for reconsidered of
CSC ruling citing Cena case but was denied. Rabor reiterated his
request to Mayor Duterte but was rebuffed. Hence, this petition.
Issue:
WON Rabor request for extension should be granted in
view of Cena case
Held:
No. Cena doctrine overturned. In Cena v. CSC, the Court
reached its conclusion primarily on the basis of the "plain and
ordinary meaning" of Section 11 (b) of P.D. No. 1146. WhileSection 11 (b) appeared cast in verbally unqualified terms, there
were (and still are) two (2) administrative issuances which
prescribe limitations on the extension of service that may be
granted to an employee who has reached sixty-five (65) years of
age. These are CSC Circular No. 27, s. 1990 and OP M.C. No.
65. The Court resolved the challenges posed by the above two (2)
administrative regulations by, firstly, considering as invalid Civil
Service Memorandum No. 27 and, secondly, by interpreting the
Office of the President's Memorandum Circular No. 65 as
inapplicable to the case of Gaudencio T. Cena.
Nevertheless, the Court now ruled that the SC in Cena
made a narrow interpretation. It is incorrect to decide the issue on
the basis only of PD 1146. Reading the pertinent provisions theAdmin Code particularly the provisions governing the CSC, it is
clear that both the Admin Code and PD 1146 are the governing
laws relating to retirement of government officials and
employees. It was on the basis of the above quoted provisions of
the 1987 Administrative Code that the Civil Service Commission
promulgated its Memorandum Circular No. 27. In doing so, the
Commission was acting as "the central personnel agency of the
government empowered to promulgate policies, standards and
guidelines for efficient, responsive and effective personnel
administration in the government." It was also discharging its
function of "administering the retirement program for government
officials and employees" and of "evaluat[ing] qualifications for
retirement." It is also incorrect to say that limitation of permissible extensions of service after an employee has reached
sixty-five (65) years of age has no reasonable relationship or is
not germane to the foregoing provisions of the present Civil
Service Law. The physiological and psychological processes
associated with ageing in human beings are in fact related to the
efficiency and quality of the service that may be expected from
individual persons.
CSC Memo No. 27 is not invalid for having gone
beyond the parameters set by PD 1146. In fact what the
legislature intends is that the CSC should “fill in the details” in
the implementation of PD 1146.
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Case title: GOVERNMENT SERVICE INSURANCE
SYSTEM vs COURT OF APPEALS and FELONILA
ALEGRE
GR NO: GR No. 128524
Date: April 20, 1999
Petitioner: GOVERNMENT SERVICE INSURANCE
SYSTEM (GSIS)
Respondent: THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS
and FELONILA ALEGRE
Ponente: ROMERO, J.;
Facts:
Felonila Alegre's deceased husband, SPO2 Florencio A.
Alegre, was a police officer assigned to the Philippine
National Police station in the town of Vigan, Ilocos Sur. On
that fateful day of December 6, 1994, he was driving his
tricycle and ferrying passengers within the vicinity of Imelda
Commercial Complex when SPO4 Alejandro Tenorio, Jr.,
Team/Desk Officer of the Police Assistance Center located
at said complex, confronted him regarding his tour of duty.
SPO2 Alegre allegedly snubbed SPO4 Tenorio and evendirected curse words upon the latter. A verbal tussle then
ensued between the two which led to the fatal shooting of
the deceased police officer.
On account of her husband's death, private respondent
seasonably filed a claim for death benefits with petitioner
Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) pursuant to
Presidential Decree No. 626. In its decision on August 7,
1995, the GSIS, however, denied the claim on the ground
that at the time of SPO2 Alegre's death, he was performing
a personal activity which was not work-connected.
Subsequent appeal to the Employees' Compensation
Commission (ECC) proved futile as said body, in a decision
dated May 9, 1996, merely affirmed the ruling of the GSIS.
Private respondent finally obtained a favorable ruling in the
Court of Appeals when on February 28, 1997, the appellate
court reversed 2 the ECC's decision and ruled that SPO2
Alegre's death was work-connected and, therefore,
compensable.
Aggrieved, GSIS comes to us on petition for review on
certiorari reiterating its position that SPO2 Alegre's death
lacks the requisite element of compensability which is, thatthe activity being performed at the time of death must be
work-connected.
Issue:
May a moonlighting policeman's death be considered
compensable?
Held:
Taking together jurisprudence and the pertinent guidelines
of the ECC with respect to claims for death benefits,
namely: (a) that the employee must be at the place where
his work requires him to be; (b) that the employee must
have been performing his official functions; and (c) that if
the injury is sustained elsewhere, the employee must have
been executing an order for the employer, it is not difficult to
understand then why SPO2 Alegre's widow should be
denied the claims otherwise due her. Obviously, the matter
SPO2 Alegre was attending to at the time he met his death,
that of ferrying passengers for a fee, was intrinsically private
and unofficial in nature proceeding as it did from no
particular directive or permission of his superior officer. In
the absence of such prior authority as in the cases of
Hinoguin and Nitura, or peacekeeping nature of the act
attended to by the policeman at the time he died even
without the explicit permission or directive of a superior
officer, as in the case of P/Sgt. Alvaran, there is no
justification for holding that SPO2 Alegre met the requisites
set forth in the ECC guidelines.
That he may be called upon at any time to render police
work as he is considered to be on a round-the-clock duty
and was not on an approved vacation leave will not change
the conclusion arrived at considering that he was not placed
in a situation where he was required to exercise his
authority and duty as a policeman. In fact, he was refusing
to render one pointing out that he had already complied
with the duty detail. At any rate, the 24-hour duty doctrine,
as applied to policemen and soldiers, serves more as an
after-the-fact validation of their acts to place them within the
scope of the guidelines rather than a blanket license to
benefit them in all situations that may give rise to their
deaths. In other words, the 24-hour duty doctrine should not
be sweepingly applied to all acts and circumstancescausing the death of a police officer but only to those which,
although not on official line of duty, are nonetheless
basically police service in character.
WHEREFORE, the petition is hereby GRANTED. The
assailed decision of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. SP
No. 42003 dated February 28, 1997, is hereby REVERSED
and SET ASIDE.
No pronouncement as to costs.
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G.R. No. 86020 August 5, 1994
RAMON CORPORAL, petitioner, vs.
EMPLOYEES' COMPENSATION COMMISSION and
GOVERNMENT SERVICE INSURANCE
SYSTEM,respondents.
QUIASON, J.:
This is a petition for certiorari questioning the decision of the
Employees' Compensation Commission which denied petitioner'sclaim for death benefits under Presidential Decree No. 626, as
amended.
I
Norma Peralta Corporal was employed as a public school teacher
with assignment in Juban, Sorsogon. On November 28 to
November 30, 1977, she was confined at the Esteves Memorial
Hospital for acute coronary insufficiency and premature
ventricular contractions.
On June 30, 1983, she was assigned to the Banadero Elementary
School in Daraga, Albay. Norma had to walk three kilometers toand from said school as no transportation was available to ferry
her and other teachers from the national highway to the school.
During her fourth pregnancy, Norma suffered a complete abortion
and was hospitalized for two days at the Albay Provincial
Hospital. After her maternity leave, Norma reported back to work.
In March of 1984, she again conceived. However, in September
of the same year, she was transferred to the Kilicao Elementary
School, where she had to walk more than one kilometer of rough
road. On December 2, 1984, she gave birth to a baby boy with the
help of a "hilot." An hour later, she was rushed to the Immaculate
Conception Hospital due to profuse vaginal bleeding. She
underwent a hysterectomy but unfortunately, she died on the sameday due to "shock, severe hemorrhage" resulting from a
"prolapse(d) uterus post partum." Norma was 40 years old when
she died.
Her husband, Ramon Corporal, petitioner herein, filed a claim for
compensation benefit with the Government Service Insurance
System (GSIS). The GSIS denied petitioner's claim thus:
Please be advised that on the basis of the proofs
and evidences (sic) submitted to the System, the
cause of death of your wife, Shock secondary to
Severe Hemorrhage, Uterine PROLAPSE is not
considered an occupational disease ascontemplated under the above-mentioned law
(P.D. No. 626). Neither was there any showing
that her position as Teacher, MECS, Albay had
increased the risk of contracting her ailment
( Rollo, p. 23).
Petitioner filed several motions for the reconsideration of the
denial of his claim to no avail, because a re-evaluation of the
claim by the Medical Evaluation and Underwriting Group of the
GSIS showed that there was "no basis to alter its previous action
of denial for the same reason . . . that her cause of death is non-
work-connected as contemplated under the law" and neither did
her job as a teacher increase the risk of contracting her ailment( Rollo, p. 25).
Petitioner appealed to the Employees' Compensation Commission
(ECC). The ECC requested the GSIS to re-evaluate petitioner's
claim and to finally determine compensability, with instruction
that in case the claim is denied once more by the System, the
entire record of the case be elevated to the ECC. The GSIS
reiterated its denial of petitioner's claim.
On September 7, 1988, the ECC rendered a decision also denying
petitioner's claim. It said:
Medical studies show that Prolapsed Uterus
may occur in infants and nulliparous women as
well as multiparas. Defects in innervation and
in the basic integrity of the supporting
structures account(s) for prolapse(d) in the first
two and childbirth trauma for the latter. The
cervix usually elongates because the weight of
the nagging vaginal tissues pulls it downward,
whereas the attached but weak cardinal
ligaments tend(s) to support it. In third degree
or complete prolapse(d) both the cervix and the
body of the uterus have passed through theintroitus and the entire vaginal canal is inverted.
(Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wilson, Beecham,
Carrington, 3rd Edition, p. 585).
On the other hand Acute Coronary
Insufficiency are terms often used to describe a
syndrome characterized by prolonged
substernal pain, usually not relieved by
vasodilators of a short period of rest due to a
more severe inadequacy of coronary circulation.
The symptoms in this condition are more
intense and prolonged than in angina pectoris,
but abnormal ECG and other laboratoryfindings associated with myocardial infarction
are absent. The syndrome is covered by a
temporary inability of one's coronary arteries to
supply sufficient oxygenated blood to the heart
muscle. (Merck, Manual of Diagnosis &
Therapy, pp. 100-101).
Based on the above medical discussion of the
subject ailments, we believe that the
development of the fatal illness has no relation
whatsoever with the duties and working
conditions of the late teacher. There is no
showing that the nature of her duties caused thedevelopment of prolapse of the uterus. The
ailment was a complication of childbirth
causing profuse vaginal bleeding during the late
stage. We also consider Acute Coronary
Insufficiency as non-work-connected illness for
the reason that it is caused by temporary
inability of one coronary arteries (sic) to supply
oxygenated blood to the heart muscle. There is
no damage to heart muscle. In view thereof, we
have no recourse but to sustain respondent's
denial of the instant claim ( Rollo, pp. 29-31).
Hence, petitioner filed the instant petition, assertingcompensability of the death of his wife.
II
Petitioner contends that although prolapsed uterus is not one of
occupational diseases listed by the ECC, his claim should proper
under the increased risk theory. He anchors such claim on the fact
that as early as January 1984 or before Norma's fifth pregnancy,
he had noticed a spherical tissue which appeared like a tomato
protruding out of Norma's vagina and rectum. He avers that such
condition was attributable to Norma's long walks to and from her
place of teaching — Banadero Elementary School, which is
situated on the side of the Mayon Volcano. Moreover, the roadsleading to the school are full of ruts and rocks, and, during the
rainy season, are flooded and slippery. Petitioner asserts that
inspite of these, Norma continued to discharge her duties as a
public servant, notwithstanding her pregnancy and her prolapsed
uterus.
Petitioner also contends that the findings of the respondents
contravene the constitutional provision on social justice. He
alleges that since the workmen's compensation law is a social
legislation, its provisions should be interpreted liberally in favor
of the employees whose rights it intends to protect.
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Under P.D. No. 626, as amended, for sickness and the resulting
death of an employee to be compensable, the claimant must show
either: (a) that it is a result of an occupational disease listed under
Annex A of the Amended Rules on Employees' Compensation
with the conditions set therein satisfied; or (b) that the risk of
contracting the disease is increased by the working conditions
(Santos v. Employees' Compensation Commission, 221 SCRA
182 [1993]; Quizon v. Employees' Compensation Commission,
203 SCRA 426 [1991]). Clearly, then, the principle of
aggravation and presumption of compensability under the old
Workmen's Compensation Act no longer applies (Latagan v.
Employees' Compensation Commission, 213 SCRA 715 [1992]).
Since petitioner admits that his wife died of an ailment which is
not listed as compensable by the ECC and he merely anchors his
claim on the second rule, he must positively show that the risk of
contracting Norma's illness was increased by her working
conditions. Petitioner failed to satisfactorily discharge the onus
imposed by law.
The fact that Norma had to walk six kilometers everyday and
thereafter, a shorter distance of more than one kilometer just to
reach her place of work, was not sufficient to establish that such
condition caused her to develop prolapse of the uterus. Petitioner
did not even present medical findings on the veracity of his claimthat Norma had a tomato-like spherical tissue protruding from her
vagina and rectum.
Norma developed prolapse of the uterus because she was
multiparas, or one who had more than one child, and quite beyond
the safe child-bearing age when she gave birth to her fifth child
— she was already forty years old. Novak's Textbook on
Gynecology describes prolapse of the uterus (descensus uteri) as
follows:
An extremely common condition, being far more
frequent in elderly than in young patients. This
is explained by the increasing laxity and atony
of the muscular and fascial structures in later
life. The effects of childbirth injuries may thus
make themselves evident, in the form of uterine
prolapse, many years after the last pregnancy.
Pregnancies in a prolapsed uterus may lead to
numerous complications, as noted by Piver and
Spezia.
The important factor in the mechanism of the
prolapse is undoubtedly injury or
overstretching of the pelvic floor, and especially
of the cardinal ligaments (Mackenrodt) in the
bases of the broad ligaments. Combined with
this there is usually extensive injury to the
perineal structures, producing marked vaginal
relaxation and also frequent injury to the fascia
or the anterior or posterior vaginal walls, with
the production of cystocele or rectocele.
Usually, various combinations of these
conditions are seen, although at times little or
no cystocele or rectocele is associated with the
prolapse.Occasional cases are seen for that
matter, in women who have never borne
children, and in these the prolapse apparently
represents a hernia of the uterus through a
defect in the pelvic fascial floor (Emphasissupplied).
The 1986 Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment also describes
the condition as follows:
Uterine prolapse most commonly occurs as a
delayed result of childbirth injury to the pelvic
floor (particularly the transverse cervical and
uterosacral ligaments). Unrepaired obstetric
lacerations of the levator musculature and
perineal body augment the weakness.
Attenuation of the pelvic structures with aging
and congenital weakness can accelerate the
development of prolapse.
The determination of whether the prolapse of Norma's uterus
developed before or after her fifth pregnancy is therefore
immaterial since this illness is the result of the physiological
structure and changes in the body on pregnancy and childbirth.
With the evidence presented in support of the claim, petitioner's
prayer cannot be granted. While as a rule labor and social welfare
legislation should be liberally construed in favor of the applicant,(Tria v. Employees' Compensation Commission, 208 SCRA 834
[1992]), there is also the rule that such liberal construction and
interpretation of labor laws may not be applied where the
pertinent provisions of the Labor Code and P.D. No. 626, as
amended, are clear and leave no room for interpretation.
The Court commiserates with the petitioner and his children for
the loss of a loved one. We also recognize the importance of the
services rendered by public elementary school teachers inspite of
their meager salaries which are not proportionate to their
immense responsibility in molding the values and character of the
youth in this country (De Vera v. Employees' Compensation
Commission, 133 SCRA 685 [1984]).
But under the legal milieu of the case, we can only suggest, not
mandate, that respondents grant ex gratia some form of relief to
their members similarly situated as petitioner's wife.
WHEREFORE, the petition is DENIED.
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G.R. No. 90267 December 21, 1993
PERLITA LOPEZ, petitioner, vs.
EMPLOYEES COMPENSATION COMMISSION,
GOVERNMENT SERVICE INSURANCE SYSTEM,
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, CULTURE AND
SPORTS, respondents.
QUIASON, J.:
This is a petition for review on certiorari under Article 181 of theLabor Code and Section 16 of the Interim Rules of 1983 of the
decision of respondent Employees Compensation Commission
(ECC) dated June 28, 1989 in ECC Case No. 4331 entitled
"Perlita Lopez v. Government Service Insurance System," which
affirmed the denial by the Government Service Insurance System
(GSIS) of the claim for death benefits under P.D. No. 626, to
claimant-petitioner, Perlita Lopez.
Petitioner's late husband, Pedro Lopez, was employed as a public
school teacher at the Urdaneta National High School, Urdaneta,
Pangasinan, from
July 1, 1973 until his untimely demise on May 27, 1987.
On April 27, 1987, a memorandum was issued to Pedro Lopez by
the head of the school's Science Department and noted by Lino A.
Caringal, Sr. the principal, which reads:
In view of your long and competent teaching
experience as a PHYSICS Teacher and in
anticipation with (sic) the forthcoming Division
Search for Outstanding Improvised Secondary
Science Equipment for Teachers to be held at
the TAP Bldg. in Lingayen, Pangasinan on
October 8 and 9, 1987, you are hereby
designated to prepare the MODEL DAM , UNHS
official entry to said contest.
In this connection, you are further advised to
complete this MODEL DAM on or before
scheduled date of the contest ( Rollo, p. 54;
emphasis supplied).
Lopez complied with his superior's instruction and constructed an
improvised electric micro-dam, which he took home to enable
him to finish it before the deadline.
On May 27, 1987, at around 6:30 A.M., while he was engrossed
in his project, he in contact with a live wire was electrocuted. He
was immediately brought to a clinic for emergency treatment butwas pronounced dead on arrival. The death certificate showed that
he died of cardiac arrest due to accidental electrocution.
Petitioner then filed a claim for death benefits with the GSIS,
which was denied on the ground that her husband's death did not
arise out and in the course of employment. Petitioner's motion for
reconsideration was likewise denied.
She then elevated the case to the ECC for review, which affirmed
the decision rendered by the GSIS and dismissed the same.
The sole issue for us to resolve is whether or not respondentcommitted grave abuse of discretion in holding that the cause of
death of petitioner's husband is not work connected and therefore
it is not compensable under P.D. No. 626.
Respondent ECC argued that based on the certification issued by
the school principal, Lopez at the time of the accident was
supposed to report for duty to help in the enrollment of the 4th
year class, but he opted to remain at his house to finish the
project. Hence, respondent ECC contends, that the claim for death
benefits failed to satisfy the conditions set forth under Sec. 1 (a),
Rule III of the Amended Rules on Employees Compensation.
Said rule states:
For an injury and the resulting disability or
death to be compensable, the injury must be the
result of an employment accident, satisfying all
the following conditions:
1 The employee must have been injured at the
place where his work requires him to be;
2. The employee must have been performing his
official functions; and
3. If the injury is sustained elsewhere, the
employee must have been executing an order
from its superior.
The Employees Compensation Act is a social legislation whose
primordial purpose is to provide amelioration of the working class
of our society. As held in the case of Nitura v. Employees
Compensation Commission, 201 SCRA 278 (1991):
As an official agent charged by law to
implement social justice guaranteed and secured
by the Constitution, the ECC should adopt a
liberal attitude in favor of the employee indeciding claims for compensability especially
where there is some basis in the facts for
inferring a work connection with the incident.
This kind of interpretation gives meaning and
substance to the compassionate spirit of the law
as embodied in Article 4 of the New Labor
Code which states that all doubts in the
implementation and interpretation of the Labor
Code including its implementing rules and
regulations should be resolved in favor of labor.
In the case of Pampanga Sugar Development Co. , Inc. v. Quiroz ,
16 SCRA 784 (1966), we held:
xxx xxx xxx
An injury or accident befalls a man "in the
course of" his employment, if it occurs while he
is doing what a man may reasonably do within a
time during which he is employed, and at a
place where he may reasonably be during the
time, 13 NACCA LAW JOURNAL 28-29, And
it "arises out of" the work of the employer,
when it results from a risk or reasonably
inherent in or incidental to the conduct of such
work or business.
"In the course of" points to the place and circumstances under
which the accident takes place and the time when it occurs. Of the
two phrases on work connection, "in the course of" is deemed
broader than "arising out of" (Fernandez and Quiason, Labor
Standards and Welfare Legislation, 1964 ed., pp. 563-564).
While the death of Pedro Lopez took place in his house and not in
his official work station, which is the school, he was still
discharging his function as the one in-charge of the project. He
was constrained to finish the project within a specific period of
time and he could only do so if he worked overtime in his house.
The death of petitioner's husband is service-connected even if it
happened during the summer vacation. He was still under the
employ of the government and there still existed an employer-
employee relationship although teachers do not report for duty
during that period (Pepito v. Workmen's Compensation
Commission, 78 SCRA 35 [1977] ).
It can even be said that the conditions set forth under sec. 1, par.
(a), Rule III of the amended Rules on Employees Compensation,
have been complied with.
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The said rule requires that the injury must have been sustained by
the employee at "the place where his work requires him to be"
and if the injury is sustained elsewhere the employees "must have
been executing an order from his superior." Inasmuch as Lopez
had to finish the project on the time for the contest scheduled on
October 5 and 9, 1987, it can be implied that Lopez was given
permission, if not direction, to perform his work at his house.
Respondent ECC cannot rely on the fact that Lopez had been
ordered by the school principal to report for duty to assist in the
enrollment of the fourth-year students on the day of the accident.
Lopez was electrocuted at 6:30 A.M. while he was working on
the model he was asked to build. To claim that he should have
been in school at the time he died in order to entitle his widow
any compensation benefits, is to strain good sense and logic.
For an injury to be compensable it is not important that the cause
therefor shall have taken place within the purview of his
employment, performing an act reasonably necessary or
incidental thereto, the injury sustained by reason thereof falls
within the protection of the law regardless of the place of injury
(ECC Implementing Rules and Regulations, Rule III, Sec. 1; ECC
Resolution No. 2799, July 25, 1984; Enao v. Employees
Compensation Commission, 135 SCRA 660 [1985]).
The thrust of social justice is compassion for the poor. By
denying under the peculiar circumstances the claim of the
petitioner for benefits arising from the death of her husband,
public respondents ignored this public policy and committed a
grave abuse of discretion.
WHEREFORE, the petition for certiorari is GRANTED and the
decision of respondent Employees Compensation Commission is
REVERSED. The Government Service Insurance System is
ORDERED to pay the death benefits to petitioner, with legal rate
of interest from the filing of the claim until it is fully paid,
attorney's fees equivalent to ten percent (10%) of the award and
costs of suit.
SO ORDERED.