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America During the Cold America During the Cold WarWar
The Red ScareMcCarthyism
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The Red ScareThe Red Scare
• The Cold War increased many Americans fear of communist subversion
• Many Americans feared that communists had penetrated American society and were weakening the government
• This led to massive attempt to uncover communists
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The Red ScareThe Red Scare
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The Red ScareThe Red Scare
• Loyalty checks of government workers began in 1947 because of fear of communist infiltration
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The Red ScareThe Red Scare• House Un-American Activities Committee held
numerous public hearings and ruined reputations of blacklisted individuals, including many from TV, radio, and the movies
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The Red ScareThe Red Scare
• Some individuals refused to testify and were sent to jail
• People who were accused were often blacklisted– A list of people accused of being disloyal
who were not hired by film companies
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The Alger Hiss CaseThe Alger Hiss Case
• Alger Hiss, former State Dept. diplomat, accused of disloyalty by Whittaker Chambers, a confessed Soviet spy– Hiss sued Chambers
for libel, but was convicted of perjury in 1950
– Democrats, many of whom supported Hiss, were seen as soft on communism
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McCarthyismMcCarthyism
• Sen. Joseph McCarthy began to speak out against communist influence in the government with a speech in February 1950 in which he contended that the State Dept. was riddled with communists
• Held hearings from 1950-1954– Called people in front of his
committee to defend themselves against unproven charges
– These charges often ruined people’s careers
– McCarthyism has become a word that is used to describe bringing unproven charges against someone to discredit them
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McCarthyismMcCarthyism
• McCarran Internal Security Act (1950) required communist and "communist-front" organizations to register with the Justice Dept – Membership lists and financial statements
were required – President was given broad powers to detain
potential enemies– Truman vetoed the bill as "a long step toward
totalitarianism" but it was passed over his veto.
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The RosenbergsThe Rosenbergs
• Ethel and Julius Rosenberg arrested, tried, and executed in 1951 for providing atomic secrets to the Soviet Union.