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American RevolutionApril 19, 1775-September 3, 1783
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Causes of the American Revolution
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Proclamation of 1763
• In 1763, Parliament issued the Proclamation of 1763, which ordered colonists not to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains.
• The British government believed this would keep peace with the Native Americans.
• The colonists thought the British government should not interfere.
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The Stamp Act
• In 1765, Parliament passed the Stamp Act.
• It forced colonists to pay a tax on almost everything printed on paper—newspapers, legal documents—even playing cards.
• The colonists reacted so strongly against the tax that Parliament revoked it a year later.
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The Townshend Acts
• In 1767, Parliament passed the Townshend Acts, which taxed lead, glass, paper, paint, and tea imported to the colonies.
• Colonists resisted by refusing to buy these items.
• The tax was lifted on everything except tea.
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Boston MassacreMarch 5, 1770
• In 1768, 4,000 British soldiers moved into Boston, Massachusetts.
• Colonists were forced to keep them in their homes, so Boston became an occupied city.
• This occupation triggered the Boston Massacre.• On March 5, 1770, a number of colonists got in an
argument with the redcoats and began throwing snowballs and chunks of ice at them.
• Soldiers fired shots into the crowd and 5 Americans were killed. Crispus Attucks was the first African-American to die for his country.
• The soldiers were brought into court and John Adams defended the soldiers. Two were found guilty and the others were declared innocent.
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The Boston Massacre
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Boston Tea Party
• In 1773, British East India company ships full of tea were docked in Boston Harbor.
• On December 16, colonists dressed as Mohawks boarded the ship and dumped the tea in the water.
• The event became known as the Boston Tea Party.
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Boston Tea Party
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The Intolerable Acts
• To punish the colonists for dumping the tea, the British passed even stricter laws.
• The colonists called these laws the Intolerable Acts because the colonists decided they would not tolerate (accept) them.
• The First Continental Congress met to protest the Intolerable Acts.
• Every colony except Georgia sent delegates, or representatives.
• In Sept. 1774, the congress demanded that the Intolerable Acts be taken back and that the colonist be given more power in making decisions.
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War Begins
• The war began when fighting broke out in Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts.
• Minutemen were members of groups of armed men who were ready at a minute’s notice to take to the field against the British.
• The British were called “redcoats” due to the bright red color of their uniforms.
• There were 25,300 casualties of Americans.• There were 10,000 casualties of British soldiers.
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Soldiers
Minutemen Redcoats
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The Second Continental Congress
• The Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in May 1775, a month after the American Revolution had begun.
• The colonists realized that they must fight together against the British if they were to defeat the British.
• George Washington was nominated to be the Commander in Chief of the Continental Army—everyone voted for him.
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Results of the American Revolution
• The thirteen colonies became an independent nation called the United States of America, which was recognized by Britain.
• Britain gave the United States the land east of the Mississippi river, north to Canada, and south to the border of Florida.
• All British control of American trade was lifted.• A new government with elected representatives was
formed under the Articles of Confederation.• The successful revolution encouraged other people,
especially the French, to overthrow their governments.
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People of the Revolutionary WarAmericans
George Washington Benjamin Franklin Patrick Henry John Adams Samuel Adams
Ethan Allen Nathan Hale Paul Revere Thomas Paine Thomas Jefferson
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People in the Revolutionary WarBritish
King George III Benedict Arnold
Gen. Cornwallis
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Independence Day