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American River Watershed Conference
Watershed Scale Assessment: Geomorphology
Eric M. Ginney, MS
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What is Geomorphology?
• Geomorphology attempts to explain features found and processes operating upon the surface of the Earth.
– Sub-types/Special Environments: Hillslope Processes, Fluvial, Coastal, Glacial, & Volcanic
ge·o·mor·phol·o·gy [ jē·ō·mör′fäl·ə·jē ]
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Geomorphology in Watershed Assessment:
– Describing the processes that move water, sediment, and organic matter through a watershed.
– Linking the disciplines of hydrology, geology, and ecology with the practice of adaptive management.
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Geomorphology in Watershed Assessment is not:
• a list of landforms
•a list of processes
An understanding of how these processes function in a watershed as the underlying foundation for
ecological processes and “human infrastructure benefits.”
Geomorphology in Watershed Assessment is:
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•Ecological Processes (and benefits)
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Important “Human Infrastructure Benefits” or “Ecosystem Capital” Clean water: Is it Magic?
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Is it Magic? No, it’s Geomorphic ProcessErosion Processes: Raindrop impacts, dry ravel, mass failures, wind erosion (aeolian), stream erosion (fluvial)
Sediment Transport Processes:
Colluvial motion, landsliding, debris flows, stream/river transport (fluvial)
Sediment Deposition: on
hillslope, in channel, on floodplain
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Rainfall-Runoff
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With Roads
Without RoadsQt
time
Volumetric Effect Timing
Effect
Basin Hydrograph
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Management and Process Collide: Stream “Diversion Potential” on Roads
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Pow!
“Watershed Capture” via Diversion Potential
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A Geomorphic Assessment Tool: Sediment Budgets
SourceTransport
Deposition
Sediment Budgeting of:
• Volumes
•Processes
•Rates / Yields (volume/ unit area/ unit time)
(tons/mile2/year)
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Adapted from Reid and Dunne, 1996
Conceptual Sediment Budgets
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05
101520253035404550
Road-RelatedShallow
Landsliding
RoadSurfaceErosion
HillslopeShallow
Landsliding
DeepSeated
Landsliding
Soil Creep BackgroundHillslopeSurfaceErosion
Hills
lope
Ero
sion
(%)
Selected Results: A Budget for Hillslope Sediment Sources
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Another Conceptual Sediment Budget
Adapted from Reid and Dunne, 1996
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Transport through River Reaches / Systems
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Lessons from Developed (ing) Watersheds
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Impervious Surfaces+
Vegetation+
Grading and SoilCompaction
+Construction of drainage
facilities =
Hydromodification is……the change in the runoff hydrograph from an area due
to development.
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Altered Hydrograph Processes
Urbanization tends to increase stormwater runoff:
peak flows
volume
frequency
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Key Altered Geomorphic Processes
1. Intensifies sediment transport and erosion processes
2. Observed as excessive erosion, incision and widening
Channel Incision
Downstream Deposition
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Why? Because of Altered Processes.
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Effects on Rivers and Creeks
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Questions