Support for HumanFactors Training:Look Down UnderThe Australian Civil Aviation Safety Authority(CASA) has set a new international standard forhigh-quality human factors training materials

JH* sC• ai

ViBy Dr, Bill Jchnson

Dr. Bill Johnsonis the FAA Chief

Scientific andTechnical Advisor

for HumanFactors in Aircraft

MaintenanceSystems. Johnson

is a member of theHuman Factors

Advisory Groupto the EuropeanAviation Safety

Agency (EASA).The group

worked withEASA to definehuman factorsaspects of the

proposed SafetyManagement

Systemregulations.

Maintenanceorganizationsare always looking for the"latest and greatest" toimprove their basic humanfactors training, or to

supplement recurrent training. Well, lookno further. The Australian Civil AviationSafety Authority (CASA) has set a newinternational standard for high-qualityhuman factors training materials. CASAcalls it Safety Behaviours - Human Factorsfor Engineers.

Over the yrears 1 have developed,observed, and delivered a lot ofmaintenance human factors trainingthroughout the world.1 have also advisedgovernment and industry about theavailability of products and services thatcan not only meet requirements, but alsoensure continuing safety and efficientperformance. There is an abundanceof quality information available, asevidenced by a Google search usingthe term "maintenance human factors".The links lead to many' excellent serviceproviders for training delivery. It isdifficult to sort through the informationto find the product/service that works foryour organization. There is something foreveryone in the CASA package.

One size does not fit allOrganizational requirements for HF

training materials are varied. The vari¬ance comes from the differences in orga¬nizations' size, national aviation authorityrequirements, nature and time of workperformed, industrial agreements, stability

of workforce, qualifications of local trainingpersonnel, and level of commitment frommanagement. Some organizations try to doas much as possible with computer-basedtraining (CBT). Others have found that theblend of technology-based training andresident training, with an instructor, worksbest. When tied to a learning managementsystem, the trainee must complete the CBTbefore participation in the instructor-ledtraining. Some authorities, like Transport

Organizations should strivefor excellence and testto ensure that the trainingdelivers a specified levelof competence and, hopefully,lasting behavioral change.

Canada, insist that CBT is not an acceptablehuman factors training alternative.

Time is money in aircraft maintenance.Thus, some organizations strive to completethe training as quickly as possible. Thereare not many requirements for a specifiedtraining time. There are many' guidelines onthe topics that should be included for initialas well as continuing/recurrent training.Organizations should strive for excellenceand test to ensure that the training deliversa specified level of competence and, hope¬fully', lasting behavioral change.

The capability of the organization'straining department affects training

36 September 2013 Aircrall Maintenance Technology • www.AviationPros.com • www.AMTSociety.org

design and delivery. The May 2013 AMTmagazine covers the newly proposed EASArequirements for a human factors trainer.Small companies may choose to sendpersonnel to off-site classes offered byexternal training services providers. Suchcourses likely ensure an experienced trainerwho will bring a variety of industry storiesto the class. The trade-off with externalvs. local trainers is the extent to which thecontent can be matched to organizationalchallenges and culture. Many human factorsissues are common to the entire industry.Thus, most externally provided informationis relevant.

What’s on trainingorganizations’ HF wish list?

HF training has been around for nearly20 years. Therefore the wish list is asking forfresh ideas, new graphical depictions, newevent scenarios, and improved multimedia.Concepts like PEAR, Dirty Dozen, and SwissCheese still have high value, but trainers and

FROM THE FAA

learn¬ers want thetested concepts tolook new. Worn-out graphicaldepictions from the '90s are insuffi¬cient. The same holds true for videos.The Canadian Defense film, aboutthe C-130 and the Dirty Dozen, has agreat message, but can an organiza¬tion expect today's learners/gamers toaccept old-school edutainment?

There are newer videos. Some are free onYouTube and others at a fair and reasonablecost. Some organizations, mostly laTge ones,have produced videos focusing on local main¬tenance events. Delta Air Lines and LufthansaTechnik, for example, have produced effectivevideos. However, it takes a deep pocket ($10-

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