![Page 1: An Assessment of the CFS real-time forecasts for 2005-2011](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062323/5681679b550346895ddcdc21/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
An Assessment of the CFS real-time forecasts for 2005-2011
Wanqiu Wang, Mingyue Chen, and Arun Kumar
CPC/NCEP/NOAA
![Page 2: An Assessment of the CFS real-time forecasts for 2005-2011](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062323/5681679b550346895ddcdc21/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
- CFS continues producing delayed transition between ENSO phases; PDF correction improves the forecasts (slides 6/7/8)
CFS reproduced Indian dipole mode index (DMI) variability in for 2007. But for other years, either the sign or the timing or both were erroneous; CFS forecast correct sign of MDR SST index but with weaker amplitude (slide 6)
- The CFS forecasted T2m, precipitation and Z200 distributions in the tropics and over the North America similar to the observed for DJF 2010/2011, consistent with atmospheric response to tropical SST anomalies; For JJA 2010, forecast of T2m over the central and eastern United States are too cold (slides 9 &10)
- ENSO has been in a low variability and low predictability regime during the last few years (slides 12-14)
- The CFS forecast shows better precipitation skill over land compared to hindcast (slide 16)
- The CFS produces a cold bias in northern extratropics during warm seasons due to wet initial soil moisture in R2, lowering T2m forecast skill T2m (slides 16-19, 21-23)
- There exists a mean cold bias over the globe during the forecast period (slide 24)
Summary
![Page 3: An Assessment of the CFS real-time forecasts for 2005-2011](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062323/5681679b550346895ddcdc21/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
- Real-time skill against the hindcast
- Long-term skill variability
- Impact of initial condition
- Systematic errors
Relevance
Diagnostics/monitoring of CFS real-time forecasts
![Page 4: An Assessment of the CFS real-time forecasts for 2005-2011](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062323/5681679b550346895ddcdc21/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Outline
1. CFS forecast for 2010
2. Skills of CFS forecasts during 2005-2010
3. Systematic errors in the forecast
![Page 5: An Assessment of the CFS real-time forecasts for 2005-2011](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062323/5681679b550346895ddcdc21/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
1. CFS forecast for 2010
![Page 6: An Assessment of the CFS real-time forecasts for 2005-2011](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062323/5681679b550346895ddcdc21/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Nino34
DMI
MDR
SST indices
Nino34 Persists and amplifies
existing anomalies
Delayed transition of ENSO phases at longer lead-time
DMI More realistic DMI for 2007
& 2006. 2011 forecast is good for L0 and L3.
Bad forecast for 2005, 2008, and 2010
MDR Amplitude too weak
![Page 7: An Assessment of the CFS real-time forecasts for 2005-2011](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062323/5681679b550346895ddcdc21/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
![Page 8: An Assessment of the CFS real-time forecasts for 2005-2011](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062323/5681679b550346895ddcdc21/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8See http://origin.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/people/wwang/cfs_fcst/PDFcorrection.html for an explanation of the PDF correction
![Page 9: An Assessment of the CFS real-time forecasts for 2005-2011](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062323/5681679b550346895ddcdc21/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Forecast for DJF 2011/2012
Both the CFS and AMIP simulation captured observed precipitation and Z200 anomalies in the subtropics and tropics
The forecasted and simulated z200 in the mid-high latitudes are quite unrealistic.
The models failed to reproduce observed overwhelming warmth over most of the North America.
Obs CFS 0-mo lead AMIP (DJ)CFS 1-mo lead
![Page 10: An Assessment of the CFS real-time forecasts for 2005-2011](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062323/5681679b550346895ddcdc21/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Forecast for JJA 2011Obs CFS 0-mo lead AMIPCFS 1-mo lead
CFS and AMIP simulation produced a reasonable distribution of the tropical precipitation. Tropical Z200 anomalies are qeak in both the observation and forecast.
The observed spatial pattern of T2m over NH land is much better reproduced in AMIP. The CFS did not capture the observed warm anomalies in the central eastern United States, likely due to the too wet initial soil moisture (slides 22-23).
![Page 11: An Assessment of the CFS real-time forecasts for 2005-2011](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062323/5681679b550346895ddcdc21/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
2. CFS forecast skill
-SST
![Page 12: An Assessment of the CFS real-time forecasts for 2005-2011](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062323/5681679b550346895ddcdc21/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
2005-2011forecastSST temporal correlation
1981-2004 hindcast
Lower forecast skill tropical eastern Pacific at longer lead-time
![Page 13: An Assessment of the CFS real-time forecasts for 2005-2011](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062323/5681679b550346895ddcdc21/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Nino34 SST temporal correlation
Why is Nino3.4 forecast skill at longer lead time not as good ?
(1981-2004)(2005-2011)
![Page 14: An Assessment of the CFS real-time forecasts for 2005-2011](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062323/5681679b550346895ddcdc21/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Most of the real time forecast period is in a low predictability regime
The skill depends on amplitude of tropical interannual variability
Global mean correlation
Nino34 correlation
Nino34 STDV
Statistics for sliding 4-year windows
Beginning of the 4-year window
![Page 15: An Assessment of the CFS real-time forecasts for 2005-2011](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062323/5681679b550346895ddcdc21/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
2. CFS forecast skill
-Atmospheric fields
![Page 16: An Assessment of the CFS real-time forecasts for 2005-2011](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062323/5681679b550346895ddcdc21/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Temporal correlation2005-2011 forecast 1981-2004 hindcast
• Higher Z200 skill in northern high-latitudes• Higher precipitation skill over land• Lower T2m skill in over NH land
T2M
Prec
Z200
![Page 17: An Assessment of the CFS real-time forecasts for 2005-2011](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062323/5681679b550346895ddcdc21/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
2005-2011 forecast 2005-2011 AMIPTemporal correlation
T2M
Prec
Z200
• Higher precipitation skill over land and in Indian Ocean• Higher Z200 skill in northern high-latitudes• Similar T2M skill.
![Page 18: An Assessment of the CFS real-time forecasts for 2005-2011](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062323/5681679b550346895ddcdc21/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Pattern correlation over tropical ocean
Pacific Higher skill compared to IO
and ATL oceans
Comparable between CFS forecast and AMIP
Seasonal variation
Indian Ocean Higher skill in CFS during
spring and summer forecast – air/sea coupling important
Atlantic Higher SST skill between
JFM2005 and FMA 2007 and after DJF 2009/2010
Lower rainfall skill in both forecast and AMIP even when SST skill is high – low predictability
20S-20N
![Page 19: An Assessment of the CFS real-time forecasts for 2005-2011](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062323/5681679b550346895ddcdc21/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Pattern correlation over N.H. land
Higher CFS precipitation skill in 2005-2008
Good CFS and AMIP skill during 2007/2008 La Nino winter
Lower T2M skill during summers
20N-80N
![Page 20: An Assessment of the CFS real-time forecasts for 2005-2011](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062323/5681679b550346895ddcdc21/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
3. Systemetic errors- Cold summers
- Mean bias
![Page 21: An Assessment of the CFS real-time forecasts for 2005-2011](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062323/5681679b550346895ddcdc21/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
JJA T2m2005 2006 2007 2008
Observation
2009
CFS keeps producing negative anomalies in central or eastern North America where observed anomalies are more changeable from year to year.
2010 2011
1-mo-lead Forecast
![Page 22: An Assessment of the CFS real-time forecasts for 2005-2011](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062323/5681679b550346895ddcdc21/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
JJA T2M and May soil moisture
2005-2011 average Obs
JJA T2M
CFS
JJA T2M
AMIP
JJA T2M
R2
May SM
- Errors in forecast T2m appear to be related to initial wet SM anomalie
![Page 23: An Assessment of the CFS real-time forecasts for 2005-2011](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062323/5681679b550346895ddcdc21/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
- Initial soil moisture during the forecast period remains well above normal
May soil moisture over North America from R2
40N-60N average
![Page 24: An Assessment of the CFS real-time forecasts for 2005-2011](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062323/5681679b550346895ddcdc21/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
- Cold T2m and SST, and negative Z200 bias
- Possible causes:
- Lack of increasing greenhouse gases
- Lack of realistic sea ice coverage
- Initial soil moisture
2005-2011 mean bias2-month-lead forecast