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An Efficient Uniform Color Space for High
Dynamic Range and Wide Gamut Imagery
1
June 27, 2017
Presenter: Muhammad Safdar (PhD)
Supervisor: Prof. M. Ronnier Luo
Zhejiang University, China
ICC-CMRF (2016-2017)
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Uniform Color Space Predicts perceptual color difference
No inter-dependence b/w lightness, chroma, and hue
2 • K. A. G. Smet et al., LEUKOS, 2016 • I. Lissner et al., IEEE Trans. Image Process., 2012
Hue
Lig
htn
ess
2 2 2( ) ( ) ( )E L C H
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Criteria for a New UCS
To uniformly encode high dynamic range signals e.g., 0-10,000 cd/m2
To uniformly encode wide gamut image signals e.g., Rec.2020
Uniformity (Local & Global) Hue Linearity Grey-scale Convergence
Chroma
Lig
htn
ess
3
1 2 3
4
5
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Test Spaces
1) CIELAB
2) CAM16-UCS
3) ICTCP
4) Jzazbz
CIE/ISO standard
Accurately predicts small color difference data
Dolby’s proposal for HDR and WCG
Current Proposal
4 • C. Li et al., Color Imaging Conf., 2016 • Dolby, 2016 • CIE, Colorimetry, 2004
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Criteria and Visual Data No. Criteria Data sets Purpose
1 Perceptual Color Difference
i) COMBVD ii) OSA
i) Training ii) Testing
2 Perceptual Uniformity i) COMBVD Ellipses ii) MacAdam Ellipses iii) Munsell Data
i) Reference ii) Testing iii) Testing
3 Hue Linearity i) Hung & Berns ii) Ebner & Fairchild iii) Xiao et al.
i) Reference ii) Testing iii) Testing
4 Wide-range Lightness Prediction
i) RIT SL1 ii) RIT SL2
i) Testing ii) Training
5 Grey-scale convergence
Chroma-ratio metric (%)
5 • D. L. A. MacAdam, JOSA, 1942 • D. L. A. MacAdam, JOSA, 1974 • M. D. Fairchild, Electronic Imaging, 2011
3Chroma-Ratio 100 w
r g b
C
C C C
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Proposed Jzazbz space
6
D65
D65
D65
0.41478972 0.579999 0.0146480
-0.2015100 1.120649 0.0531008
-0.0166008 0.264800 0.6684799
L X
M Y
S Z
1 2
' ' '
3
, ,
10,000, , ,
, ,1
10,000
pn
n
L M Sc c
L M SL M S
c
'
'
'
0.5 0.5 0
3.524000 -4.066708 0.542708
0.199076 1.096799 -1.295875
z
z
I L
a M
b S
1
1
z
z
z
d IJ
dI
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
14where 2610 / 2n
where 0.56d
51.7 2523 / 2p
'D65 D65D65
'D65 D65D65
( 1)
( 1)
bX b ZX
gY g XY
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-50 0 50 100
-50
0
50
100
CIELAB
a*
b*
-40 -20 0 20 40-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
CAM16-UCS
aM
bM
-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
ICT
CP
CP
-CT
-0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15-0.1
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
Jza
zb
z
az
bz
Results (Uniformity)
7
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-CT bz
(a) (b)
CPaz
ICTCP Jzazbz
8
Results (Uniformity in WCG)
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Results (Quantitative)
9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
COMBVD OSA COMBVD
Local
COMBVD
Global
MacAdam
Local
MacAdam
Global
CIELAB
CAM16-UCS
ICTCP
Jzazbz
CIELAB
CAM16-UCS
ICTCP
Jzazbz
![Page 10: An Efficient Uniform Color Space for High Dynamic Range ... · Uniform Color Space Predicts perceptual color difference No inter-dependence b/w lightness, chroma, and hue • K. A](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022063016/5fd54fbcd8f33a038f587d20/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Results (Hue Linearity)
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Results (Quantitative)
11
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Hung & Berns Hung & Berns
(blue)
Ebner & Fairchild Xiao et al.
CIELAB
CAM16-UCS
ICTCP
Jzazbz
CIELAB
CAM16-UCS
ICTCP
Jzazbz
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Results (Lightness Prediction)
12
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Results (Lightness)
13
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
RIT SL1 RIT SL2 Munsell Value Chroma Ratio
(%)
CIELAB
CAM16-UCS
ICTCP
Jzazbz
CIELAB
CAM16-UCS
ICTCP
Jzazbz
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Jzazbz
Second best for small color difference
Best for large color difference
Best for wide gamut uniformity
Best for hue linearity
Best for wide-range lightness prediction
Plausible grey-scale convergence
Jzazbz gave overall best performance and should be confidently used
Conclusions
14
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Demonstration (Image Segmentation)
Original CIELAB CAM16-UCS
YCbCr ICTCP Jzazbz
Segmentation (7 regions) using K-means clustering algorithm
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1. Journal Paper: Optics Express (IF=3.3)
https://www.osapublishing.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-25-13-15131
2. MATLAB Code for Jzazbz
Deliverables
15
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Any
Questions?
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Model Development Initially, we start using a structure similar to ICTCP
1,1 1,2 1,1 1,2 D65
2,1 2,2 2,1 2,2 D65
3,1 3,2 3,1 3,2 D65
1
1
1
L X
M Y
S Z
'
1,1 1,2 1,1 1,2
'
2,1 2,2 2,1 2,2
'
3,1 3,2 3,1 3,2
1
1
1
z
z
I L
a M
b S
1 2
' ' '
3
, ,
10,000, , ,
, ,1
10,000
pn
n
L M Sc c
L M SL M S
c
(1)
(2)
(3)
• Dolby, 20016 • M. Safdar et al., Color Imaging Conf., 20016
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Then we introduced a linear given below to correct hue linearity
'D65 D65D65
'D65 D65D65
( 1)
( 1)
bX b ZX
gY g XY
(1)
'
1,1 1,2 1,1 1,2 D65
'
2,1 2,2 2,1 2,2 D65
3,1 3,2 3,1 3,2 D65
1
1
1
L X
M Y
S Z
'
1,1 1,2 1,1 1,2
'
2,1 2,2 2,1 2,2
'
3,1 3,2 3,1 3,2
1
1
1
z
z
z
I L
a M
b S
1 2
' ' '
3
, ,
10,000, , ,
, ,1
10,000
pn
n
L M Sc c
L M SL M S
c
(2)
(3)
(4)
Model Development
• G. Kuehni., Col. Res. Appl., 1999 • G. Cui et al., Col. Res. Appl., 2002
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Another simple equation to tune perceptual lightness
1
1
z
z
z
d IJ
dI
after Eq.5
(5)
Model Development
• M. R. Luo et al., Col. Res. Appl., 2006