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An Engineering Perspective
Designing Cities in Europe for Bicycles
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ProWalk ProBike Seattle 2008
Presented by:Tom Bertulis, PESenior Technical AdvisorInstitute for Transportation
and Development Policy (ITDP)
Designing Cities in Europe for Bicycles
an Engineering Perspective
31 May 2005
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Formerly: Tom Bertulis, PEEngineering
ManagerCycling Scotland
Currently: Tom Bertulis, PESenior Technical AdvisorITDP MexicoInstitute for Transportation and
Development Policy
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Urban Transport Benchmarking Project (UTBI)
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Presentation Outline
Hierarchy of Solutions
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Hierarchy of Solutions
(1) Traffic Reduction
(2) Traffic Calming
(3) Intersection Treatment
(4) Roadway Redistribution
(5) Segregated Facilities
First Priority
Last Priority
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Does increasing cycling …
• reduce CO2 emissions?
• reduce congestion?
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So how does that pertain to the Hierarchy of Solutions?
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So how does that pertain to the Hierarchy of Solutions?
We just need to be clear of our goals …
- Graham McGarva
- Benton County (safety, comfort)
- Large urban area
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Try the Hierarchy of Solutions!
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The vicious circle of providing infrastructure for motorized transport
MoreCars
More roads
More cars
More roads
Congestion
Congestion
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Hierarchy of Solutions
(1) Traffic Reduction
(2) Traffic Calming
(3) Intersection Treatment
(4) Roadway Redistribution
(5) Segregated Facilities
First Priority
Last Priority
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Traffic Reduction
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20
Traffic Reduction
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Traffic Reduction
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Traffic Reduction
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1 of every 3 persons go to work by bicycle
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1990s: converted one way streets back into
two way streets.
1960s; converted two way streets to one
way streets.
Copenhagen
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Copenhagen
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Pedestrian space in Copenhagen increased by 7 times since 1960.
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Build a cycle network?
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Livingston, Scotland
Livingston
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Houten, Netherlands
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Cycle traffic calming at road crossingHouten, Netherlands
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Groningen, Netherlands
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39
57% of trips to school or work
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Amsterdam, Netherlands
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DHL goods distributions by boat near Cycle parkingAmsterdam, Netherlands
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Hierarchy of Solutions
(1) Traffic Reduction
(2) Traffic Calming
(3) Intersection Treatment
(4) Roadway Redistribution
(5) Segregated Facilities
First Priority
Last Priority
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“People and Bikes before Cars” SigningFindhorn, Scotland
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Cycle Route Traffic calmingRotterdam, Netherlands
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Delft, Netherlands
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Berlin: 72% calmed streets
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Warrington, England
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S-Hump traffic calmingWarrington, England
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S-Hump traffic calmingWarrington, England
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Geneva, Switzerland
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Hierarchy of Solutions
(1) Traffic Reduction
(2) Traffic Calming
(3) Intersection Treatment
(4) Roadway Redistribution
(5) Segregated Facilities
First Priority
Last Priority
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Malmö, Sweden
Note the two waybike facility, poor design!
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Roundabout
Raised table
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England
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Odense, Denmark
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Hierarchy of Solutions
(1) Traffic Reduction
(2) Traffic Calming
(3) Intersection Treatment
(4) Roadway Redistribution
(5) Segregated Facilities
First Priority
Last Priority
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England
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Scotland
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Centreline removal with added cycle lanes (24’ lane)East Renfrewshire, Scotland
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Centreline removal (24’ lane)
Peebles, Scotland
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2003 Centerline Removal Study
• Wiltshire County Council • Before and After study of 12 roads• 33% reduction in motor vehicle accidents
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11 feet
Bi-directional5 foot
Bike lane5 foot
Bike lane
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11 feet
Bi-directional
5 foot Bike lane
5 foot Bike lane
2005 5600ADT2005 150 Bikes/day2006 4500 ADT2006 183 Bikes/day1 crash in 4 years
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Centreline removal with added cycle lanes
Geneva, Switzerland
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Hierarchy of Solutions
(1) Traffic Reduction
(2) Traffic Calming
(3) Intersection Treatment
(4) Roadway Redistribution
(5) Segregated Facilities
First Priority
Last Priority
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Velocity
Mot
or v
ehic
les
per
day
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Are cyclists safer on
off-road bike paths?
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The short answer:
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No.
(the long answer: it depends)
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in the Hierarchy of Solutions …
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… providing bike paths are your last choice
Hierarchy of Solutions
(1) Traffic Reduction
(2) Traffic Calming
(3) Intersection Treatment
(4) Roadway Redistribution
(5) Segregated Facilities
First Priority
Last Priority
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Why are they not safer?
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Side Road Crossing – danger!
Michael Ronkin
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Segregated facilties
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Scotland
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Mexico
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3m curb radius
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Car culture/bike culture in Mexico
vs
Car culture/bike culture in the US
And my final point …
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Hierarchy of Solutions
(1) Traffic Reduction
(2) Traffic Calming
(3) Intersection Treatment
(4) Roadway Redistribution
(5) Segregated Facilities
First Priority
Last Priority
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Any questions?