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An Insight into AUTISM
INTRODUCTIONDr AK Kundra, MPhil,PhD
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MythsThe myths:
Environmental factors such as stress cause autism.
Autism is the result of bad parenting.Autism is a mental illness caused by
psychological factors such as early-life trauma.
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FactsBiological or neurological differences in the
brain. Abnormalities in several regions of the brain,
including the cerebellum, amygdala, and hippocampus.
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TRUE Autism is the fastest-growing developmental
disability in the U.S.
Over 1.5 million individuals in the United States have been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.
The diagnosis rate for autism is rising 10-17% each year.
Males are 4 times more likely than females to be diagnosed with autism.
The symptoms and characteristics of autism can present themselves in a wide variety of combinations, from mild to severe.
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FALSEMost individuals with autism live in
institutions.
Children with autism rarely attend college.
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The First Questions???Where do we go from here?
What do we do next?
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ObjectivesParentsFamily membersDoctorsCaregiversFriendsTherapistsEducators
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What is an Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Autism is a complex neurological disorder. It AFFECTS individuals in the areas of social
interaction and communication. It occurs in 1 in 91 births, and is four times as
prevalent among males than females.Autism is a spectrum disorder - meaning the
symptoms can occur in any combination and with varying degrees of severity.
It is also a lifelong disability.
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Characteristic Behaviors of Autism
The characterstic behaviors of ASD may or may not be apparent in infancy (18 to 24 months).
But it becomes obvious during early childhood (24 months to 6 years).
Autism affects individuals in every country and region of the world and knows no racial, ethnic, nor economic boundaries.
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How Can Autism Be Treated?
There is currently no cure for autism.
Early intervention can significantly improve the quality of life for individuals with autism.
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Treatment Options
EducationalBiologicalSpeech-Language
Therapy Related Services - OT, PT
CommunicationIntensive Autism
ServicesSensory TherapiesOccupational TherapyHydro Therapy
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Educational Treatment
Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA); consists of several approaches including Lovaas, Discrete Trial Teaching, and Intensive Behavioral Intervention
Relationship-based developmental approach; also known as Floortime
Social SkillsTEACCH (Treatment and Education of
Autistic and Related Communication-Handicapped Children)
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Biological or Biomedical Treatment
DietVitaminsMedication (e.g., to reduce aggression, self-
injury, hyperactivity, mood disorders, etc.)
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Speech-Language Therapy
Speech-Language Therapy includes, but is not limited to :
Treatment for associated processing disorders
Treatment for auditory processing disorders
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Communication
Treatment by Communication includes, but is not limited to:
Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)
American Sign Language (ASL)
Visual strategies; using pictures for communication
Facilitated communication
Alternate & Augmentative Communication Devices (Tablets)
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Intensive Autism Services
Intensive Autism Services include, but are not limited to:
Treatment provided by a team of individuals in the home, classroom, or community
May include Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) services
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Sensory Therapies
Sensory Therapies include, but are not limited to:
Occupational therapySensory Integration therapyAuditory Integration TrainingDevelopmental Optometry
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Educating Children on the Autism Spectrum
The school must evaluate your child for a suspected disability, develop an individualized education plan (IEP).
provide related services (speech, OT, PT) as indicated by the evaluation.
The role of the evaluation is to identify if an educational disability exists, NOT to make a medical diagnosis.
The educational evaluation team must include a professional with knowledge and experience in the area of autism.
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Thank You