AN INSTITUTIONAL APPROACH TO RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT:
CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN THE U.S. AND SOUTH KOREA
Prepared for2003 AWRA International Water Congress Watershed Management
for Water Supply Systems
Young-Doo Wang, William James Smith, Jr., Michael Scozzafava, Sara Wozniak, Joon-Hee Lee,
Kyoo-Yong Lee, John Byrne
Center for Energy and Environmental PolicyCenter for Energy and Environmental Policy University of DelawareUniversity of Delaware
Center for Energy and Environmental PolicyCenter for Energy and Environmental Policy University of DelawareUniversity of Delaware
Conflict is Inherent in River Basin Management
• Diverse “Stakes” are Held
• Multi-Purpose Resources are Shared
• Political Leaders -- Forces both within and beyond the Basin
• Heterogeneous Visions of the Past, Present and Future Collide
Center for Energy and Environmental PolicyCenter for Energy and Environmental Policy University of DelawareUniversity of Delaware
Center for Energy and Environmental PolicyCenter for Energy and Environmental Policy University of DelawareUniversity of Delaware
Institutionalized Method of Mitigating
Conflicts through
Transparent, Democratic and Participatory
“Social Transactions” or “Trade-Offs.”
Conflict Resolution is a Core Element
Center for Energy and Environmental PolicyCenter for Energy and Environmental Policy University of DelawareUniversity of Delaware
Center for Energy and Environmental PolicyCenter for Energy and Environmental Policy University of DelawareUniversity of Delaware
Enhanced Sustainability through Conflict Resolution
A Measure of the Potential toEnhance Current and Future Water Quality & Quantity (W) in a Given River Basin through
Balanced Consideration of Socio-Political Equity (E), Ecological Viability (E) and Economic
Development (E), or “WE3”
Center for Energy and Environmental PolicyCenter for Energy and Environmental Policy University of DelawareUniversity of Delaware
Center for Energy and Environmental PolicyCenter for Energy and Environmental Policy University of DelawareUniversity of Delaware
EconomicDevelopment
Conflict Resolution
Ecological Viability
Sociopolitical Equity
Sustainable Water
An Alternative Approach: Harmonizing WE3
U.S. and South Korean River Basin Conflicts
• The Delaware River Basin
• Susquehanna River Basin
• Nakdong River Basin
• Han River Basin
Center for Energy and Environmental PolicyCenter for Energy and Environmental Policy University of DelawareUniversity of Delaware
Center for Energy and Environmental PolicyCenter for Energy and Environmental Policy University of DelawareUniversity of Delaware
• 27,410 sq. miles: PA, NY, MD • Susquehanna River Basin Compact: December 1970
• Point of contention:
Baltimore withdrawals from
Conowingo Pool
• 1993 City Announces Intentions
The Susquehanna River Basin
Conflicts
• 1994: SRBC Notifies Baltimore
• City Cites MD Reservation In Disagreement
• April 1998: Public Hearing in York, PA
• United States District Court, MD Case: 1998 -2000
• Baltimore Appeals to U.S. Court of Appeals, 4th Circuit
• August 9, 2001: SRBC Commissioners Approve Settlement Agreement
Center for Energy and Environmental PolicyCenter for Energy and Environmental Policy University of DelawareUniversity of Delaware
Center for Energy and Environmental PolicyCenter for Energy and Environmental Policy University of DelawareUniversity of Delaware
Outcomes
• Baltimore increases withdrawals to 250mgd
• SRBC Drought Emergency Powers
• City System Water Conservation Measures
• SRBC Legally Affirms Authority
Center for Energy and Environmental PolicyCenter for Energy and Environmental Policy University of DelawareUniversity of Delaware
Center for Energy and Environmental PolicyCenter for Energy and Environmental Policy University of DelawareUniversity of Delaware
Center for Energy and Environmental PolicyCenter for Energy and Environmental Policy University of DelawareUniversity of Delaware
Center for Energy and Environmental PolicyCenter for Energy and Environmental Policy University of DelawareUniversity of Delaware
Sustainability Implications
• Balanced Supply and Demand-Side Considerations
• Public Participation in Resolution Process
• SRBC Low-Flow Regulatory Powers
• Baltimore Enters in Agreement with Harford County, MD.
• Point of contention: Development vs. water quality (Wichon industrial complex)
• Upstream: Deregulation, construction of industrial complex
• Downstream: Opposition to industrial complex, stricter regulation
The Nakdong River Basin
Center for Energy and Environmental PolicyCenter for Energy and Environmental Policy University of DelawareUniversity of Delaware
Center for Energy and Environmental PolicyCenter for Energy and Environmental Policy University of DelawareUniversity of Delaware
• MOE held over 100 meetings, hearings, and seminars
• A comprehensive plan was finalized in December 1999
• The legalization of the plan was not easy
• The bill was passed and put in effect in January 2002.
Conflicts
Center for Energy and Environmental PolicyCenter for Energy and Environmental Policy University of DelawareUniversity of Delaware
Center for Energy and Environmental PolicyCenter for Energy and Environmental Policy University of DelawareUniversity of Delaware
Outcomes
• Total Load Management System
• Water Use Charge
• Government Efforts to reach agreement through continuous dialouges
• Riparian buffer zones
Center for Energy and Environmental PolicyCenter for Energy and Environmental Policy University of DelawareUniversity of Delaware
Center for Energy and Environmental PolicyCenter for Energy and Environmental Policy University of DelawareUniversity of Delaware
Sustainability Implication• Harmonious realization of WE3 goals
• Government Efforts to reach agreement through continuous dialouges
Center for Energy and Environmental PolicyCenter for Energy and Environmental Policy University of DelawareUniversity of Delaware
Center for Energy and Environmental PolicyCenter for Energy and Environmental Policy University of DelawareUniversity of Delaware
Sustainability Implication
• Harmonious realization of WE3 goals
Comparison
Center for Energy and Environmental PolicyCenter for Energy and Environmental Policy University of DelawareUniversity of Delaware
Center for Energy and Environmental PolicyCenter for Energy and Environmental Policy University of DelawareUniversity of Delaware
The U.S.
• Regional governance backed by law and resources
• Heavy reliance on the court system
• Powerful NGOs and community groups
South Korea
• The central government’s role
• Less use of the courts as a tool
• Reliance upon compensation schemes to build consensus
Lessons Learned
• Conflict resolution mechanisms should be institutionalized in the planning stage of project
• Equity-driven programs are critical
• The balanced consideration of both supply- and demand- side options is important
• Community-based transactions are vital
Center for Energy and Environmental PolicyCenter for Energy and Environmental Policy University of DelawareUniversity of Delaware
Center for Energy and Environmental PolicyCenter for Energy and Environmental Policy University of DelawareUniversity of Delaware
Conclusion
• Community-based transactions are vital
• Through these transactions the goal of sustainable river basin management can be secured.
Center for Energy and Environmental PolicyCenter for Energy and Environmental Policy University of DelawareUniversity of Delaware
Center for Energy and Environmental PolicyCenter for Energy and Environmental Policy University of DelawareUniversity of Delaware
• Necessary to balance all aspects of WE3
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Center for Energy and Environmental PolicyCenter for Energy and Environmental Policy University of DelawareUniversity of Delaware
Center for Energy and Environmental PolicyCenter for Energy and Environmental Policy University of DelawareUniversity of Delaware