Download - An Introduction to Philosophy
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An Introduction to
Philosophy
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What is Philosophy ?
What are your thoughts or ideas?
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What is Philosophy ?
• There are many, many definitions of “philosophy”
• Philosophy concerns itself with the most fundamental human questions about reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language
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Basic Human Questions
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HCOM301
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Ancient Evidence of Ideas
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More Conventional Early Writing
Indus Script @ 2000 BCE
Phoenician Alphabet 1000 BCE
Plato’s Writing 370 BCE
Tao te ching 300 BCE
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Closer to HomeIn Mesoamerica
Mayan Codex@ 500 CE
Mixtec in
Oaxaca@ 1000 CE
Mexica Migration Story@ 1400 CE
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Mesoamerican CodexEarly Writing
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The Axial Age900-200 BCE
“The spiritual foundations of humanity were laid simultaneously and independently and these are the foundations upon which humanity still subsists today.”
Karl Jaspers, 1949
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The Axial Age900-200 BCE
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By the Middle Ages500-1500
Human inquiry into higher learning had been divided into just four fields:
1. Theology
2. Medicine
3. Law
4. Philosophy
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In fact,
For the past thousand years,
people who study almost any field
at the highest level are awarded
a “Ph. D.”
Doctor of
PhilosophyDegree
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Over the centuries…
Broad human inquiry into these basic questions has evolved into some subsets or sub-disciplines within the general field of Philosophy
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Branches within Philosophy
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Branches within Philosophy• Ontology: what exists, and what is the nature of
reality?• Epistemology: what is knowledge, and how do
we know things?• Ethics: how should we live and behave? What are
right and wrong, moral and immoral?• Logic: what is correct reasoning?• Aesthetics: how are standards for beauty, taste,
humor, comfort arrived at?
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Fields of Applied Philosophy
Philosophy of EducationPhilosophy of Politics or GovernmentPhilosophy of ArtPhilosophy of Medicine or Health CarePhilosophy of SciencePhilosophy of BusinessPhilosophy of HistoryEtc.
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Focus of HCOM 301
Basic Philosophy• Ontology ☚• Epistemology ☚• Ethics ☚• Logic• Aesthetics
Applied Philosophy Philosophy of Education Philosophy of Politics or
Government Philosophy of Art Philosophy of Medicine or
Health Care Philosophy of Science Philosophy of Business Philosophy of Life ☚ (Worldviews)
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