Download - An Introduction to the Universe
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An Introduction to the Universe
And a few numbers and simple mathematical techniques for developing a sense of scale.
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Let’s start at the planet we call home
Earth
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The first lesson in scale….How many Earth’s would fit side by side between
the Earth and the Moon?
Image from the Mars Express Spacecraft
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Lest we forget…
The Universe has a history of
violence.
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The earliest astronomical
models placed the Earth at
the center of a celestial giant
sphere.
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Just 500 years ago, during the Renaissance, philosophers began to re-examine our place in the Universe.
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The Sun is now considered to the be the center of our solar system
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This image of Saturn backlit by the Sun taken by the Cassini Spacecraft partially illustrates our position in the Universe
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Stars are now believed to form in clusters like this one (M45) that still is surrounded
by some of the gas and dust that stars form from.
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With the invention of the astronomical telescope in the early 1600’s, astronomers were able to see
previously unknown objects like this Globular Cluster of stars in the constellation called M13
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Galaxies are distributed in clusters
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Other galaxies are grouped in rich clusters that may contain upward of 50,000
galaxies.
Abell 1689
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The Hubble telescope reveals the tru character of rich galaxy cluster Abell 1689
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Our own galaxy is believed to be similar in structure to this galaxy called the Whirlpool Galaxy (M58)
Note the two supernova
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Our own Milky Way Galaxy is part of a poor galaxy cluster called the Local Group.
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This map of small variations in the Cosmic Background Radiation has allowed
astronomers to pin down the age of the Universe as 13.78 Byr
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Evidence for Dark Matter was firmly established by Vera Rubin by measuring the rotation speeds of stars in
distant spiral galaxies
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Our understanding of the beginnings of our Universe has given rise to a phenomena known as cosmic
inflation that explains the current large scale structure of our Universe.
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Recent measurements of supernova in distance galaxies has provided evidence that there is an unknown energy that is causing our Universe to
accelerate its expansion – Dark Energy