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An New Energy Business for Wyoming
August 12, 2021
Dr. Richard Boardman
Dr. Steve Aumeier
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Transforming the energy paradigm
Future Energy SystemIntegrated grid system leverages contributions from nuclear fission beyond electricity
TodayElectricity-only focus
New chemical processes
Clean water Hydrogen forvehicles and industry
Industry
Electricity
2
Biofuel
Nuclear reactors from large light water reactors to microreactors
Other generation including intermittent renewables and municipal waste
e-
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Wyoming 2021: Economic Growth with Zero-Emissions Energy Sources
1. Production – the creation of value-add products using clean energy
2. Manufacturing – design and fabrication of components and systems to do so
❑ For national and global markets❑ Key is “incremental provisioning”❑ Scalable capital build-out❑ Broadens the clean energy products
value chain of Wyoming resources
❑ Net-Zero Energy Services &
Products
❑ Supply Chain Reactors and
Components
Is there a role for nuclear in Wyoming?
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A new Paradigm: Integrated Energy Systems with Nuclear
Electrochemical
Polymers Plant
Direct-Reduced Iron
& Steel Mill
Light & Heavy-Duty Fuel Cell
Vehicles
Renewable
Biomass
Diesel
Blend
Electrolysis
O2H2
Storage
Low Emissions
Fertilizer Plant
Ethanol Plant
Synthetic Fuels &
Lubricant Plant
Process Offgas CO2
Z
Gasoline
Blend
Atm
osp
he
ric C
O2
Ele
ctr
icit
y
Steam
Bypass
Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles
Nuclear Reactor
Ion Ore
Fertilizer
Electric
Arc
Furnace
Scrap Metals Recycle
Th
erm
al
En
erg
y T
ran
sp
ort
Hy
dro
ge
nH
yd
rog
en
Plastics Recycle
Metals & Metals
Products
Plastics, Fibers
& Commodity Products
Pro
ces
s O
ffg
as
CH
4
Coproduct
Hydrogen
Petroleum
Refinery Crude Oil
Supply
Plug-In Electric Vehicles
Electricity GridLoad 1
Load 2y
Electricity Storage
Giga-Watt Batteries
SolarWind
Hydrogen
Natural Gas Supply
Fossil Fuels
Renewable Energy Sources
Natural Gas/H2 Power Gen:
Hybrid Carbon Conversion
Gas TurbinesFuel Cell
❑ Target Large Industries▪ Transportation fuels
▪ Fired heaters / Steam boilers
▪ Polymers & Plastic
▪ Iron & Steel
▪ Fertilizers
▪ Minerals
❑ Industrial energy needs▪ Electricity
▪ Steam
▪ Heat (Thermal Power)
❑ Keys to success1. Hydrogen is key energy currency
2. Flexible operations cansupport
the grid3. Energy storage is imperative
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Large-Scale Hydrogen Markets
Fuel Cell Vehicles: $1.50 – 3.00 / kg-H2
Synthetic Fuels: $1.50 – 1.75 / kg-H2
Refining: $1.25 – 2.00 / kg-H2
Ammonia: $1.50 – 1.75 / kg-H2
Steel: $1.00 – 1.25 / kg-H2
Electronics: $3.00 – 5.00 / kg-H2
Float Glass: $1.25 – 1.75 / kg-H2
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Two paths to H2 Earthshot Target ($1/kg-H2 within a decade)
6
Natural Gas/Steam Reforming▪ 2021 EIA NG price projections
----- (ave), ____ (high), ̶ ̶ ̶ (low)
▪ $0.50/kg-H2 for CCS
Improve stacks and reduce BOP costs
Reduce cost of LWR power production
Oxygen sales offset
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Electrolysis while dispatching as spinning or non-spinning reserves
Pressurized Water
Reactor
AC
DC
Electricity
Grid
Steam
Electrolysis
O2H2
De-ionized
Water
500 kV
Switchyard
Main
SteamS
tea
m
Slip
str
eam
Power
Inverter
Power
Offtake Line
Extraction Heat
ExchangersThermal Energy
Delivery Loop
Hydrogen
Plant
Delivery Heat
Exchangers
Condenser
Turbine/Gen Set
Condensate
Return
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Zero-Emissions Hydrogen from Steam-Methane Reforming
Natural Gas Reforming: CCS with nuclear microreactor energy enhancement
Fired heater860 °C
Natural gas Boiler feed water
Syngas140 °C
Preheat25-540 °C
Primary reformer
740 °C
Heat Exchangers
Heat Heat
Natural gas / steam mixture
CO2
Secondary reformer 1040 °C
Oxygen
Heat Exchangers
Steam generation – °C
Heat
Processsteam
Heat from a microreactor
Oxygen from Electrolysis
Water-Gas-Shift
& Carbon Capture
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Market Arbitrage: Buy low, Sell high
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Electrochemical Conversion of Natural Gas Condensates into Polymers & Hydrogen
High Value
Premium
Products
H3C CH3 Electrochemical
Cell
H2
Natural Gas
Alkanes
Ethane
Propane
Butane
H2C CH2
Monomers
Ethylene
Propylene
Butene
Nuclear
Reactor
Ele
ctr
icit
y
Heat
INL – UWyo Process Development
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F.T. Carbon Conversion to Fuels and Chemicals (CCU)
11
Nuclear
Reactor
Energy
Source
Steam
Electrolysis
(800 °C)
Water-Gas
Shift or CO2
electrolysis
(850 °C)
H2O
Carbon
Source
(CO2)
Fischer-Tropsch
Fuels Synthesis
Heat
Exchanger
Fired Heater
CH4 (Methane)
CO2
Steam
O2
H2
CO
H2
Light Alkanes & Naptha
(to Chemicals)
Fuel Distillates
Paraffins
(crack or formulate Lubes)
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Modular Ammonia Plants
• Local production for agriculture Co-Ops
• Use by power plants for NOx Selective Catalytic Reduction
3.0 Tonne/day skid-mounted production system
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Iron and Steel Making
• Flash-Iron Technology
• Direct reduced iron with hydrogen
• Scalable to mini-mills
• Fed directly to electric-arc furnace
Pilot plant at University of Utah:
Professor HY Sohn
AVE. GRID
CLEAN ELEC.
AVE. GRID
CLEAN ELEC.
AVE. GRID
CLEAN ELEC.
AVE. GRID
CLEAN ELEC.
AVE. GRID
CLEAN ELEC.
BF/BOF COAL DRI/EAF NG DRI/EAF H2 DRI/EAF SCRAP/EAF
Steel Making CO2 Emissions
Average Grid- 8 gCO /kWhClean Electricity- 4 gCO /kWh
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Advanced reactor future state: One size does not fit all
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Advanced Reactor Design Concepts
Benefits:
• Enhanced safety
• Versatile applications
• Reduce waste
• Use advanced manufacturing to save money
15
60+ private sector projects under development
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Accelerating advanced reactor demonstration and deployment
MARVELDOE
2022-2023
DOME Test BedNRIC2023-2024
Project Pele MicroreactorDoD
2023-2024
MCRESouthern Co. & TerraPower
2025
SMRUAMPS & NuScale2029
Natrium Reactor
TerraPower & General Electric
2028
LOTUS Test BedNRIC2024
HermesKairos
2026
AuroraOklo Inc.TBD
Xe-100
X-energy
2027
2030
Business Sensitive16
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Wyoming Business Development
• Clean energy markets based on Wyoming resources
• Cartridge and microreactors fabrication
• Skilled crafts and operator education and training
• Engineering education
• Research, development, and testing
❑ Manufacturing of Supply Chain
Reactors and Components
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❑ Production of Net-Zero Energy Services & Products
❑ Manufacturing of Supply Chain Reactors and Components
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Can Nuclear Compete? Natural Gas vs Nuclear LWR
LWR steam is less
expensive than natural
gas boilers
Cost of carbon capture,
transport, sequestration
and life-time monitoring
is $50-100/tonne CO2
(best estimate)
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Switching between electricity and hydrogen markets
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Clean Hydrogen with Integration of NuclearHow nuclear can enhance conventional steam methane reforming production of hydrogen
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https://ies.inl.gov
Lower Energy 50 – 70 % lower capital cost
>99% reduced CO emissions
Higher Revenue
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Joint EERE-NE H2 Production Demonstration Projects
23
Three projects have been announced for demonstration of hydrogen production at nuclear power plants
• Demonstrate hydrogen production using direct electrical power offtake from a nuclear power plant
• Develop monitoring and controls procedures for scaleup to large commercial-scale hydrogen plants
• Evaluate power offtake dynamics on NPP power transmission stations to avoid NPP flexible operations
• Produce hydrogen for captive use by NPPs and first movers of clean hydrogen
Davis-Besse
Nuclear Power Plant
LTE-PEM Vendor 1
Thermal & Electrical Integration at an Xcel Energy
Nuclear Plant HTE/Vendor 1
Schedule:
• Exelon: Nine-Mile Point NPP; LTE/PEM Vendor 1; using “house load” power; PEM skid testing is underway at NREL; H2 production beginning ~Jan. 2022
• Energy Harbor; LTE/PEM Vendor 2; power provided by completing plant upgrade with new switch gear at the plant transmission station; installation to be made at next plant outage; contract start anticipate by Oct. 2022
• Xcel Energy: HTE/SOEC Vendor 1; Project negotiations are being finalized. Tie into plant thermal line engineering is being planned; Official project start anticipated around Jan. 2022.
Nine Mile Point
Nuclear Power Plant
LTE/PEM Vendor 2
Prairie Island Monticello
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Battery Testing(out of picture)
WirelessCharging High Temperature
Electrolysis
FastCharging
Thermal Energy Distribution SystemIncludes Thermal Energy Storage
Distributed Energy & Microgrid
MAGNETMicroreactor Agile Nonnuclear
Experimental Testbed
Human Systems Simulation Lab
(out of picture)
Digital, Real-Time Grid Simulation
Power Emulation
Energy Storage
Vehicles HydrogenPower Plant Operations Power Systems
Integrating systems for the nation’s net-zero future
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Tri-Lab Demonstration of Integrated Energy Systems
Power
Hardware
and Grid-in-
the-Loop
Human-in-the-Loop
Thermal Energy
Generation and Transport
Hydrogen
and other
Flexible
Industrial
Processes
25
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Electrical-to-Thermal Energy Storage
Business Sensitive26