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An Overview of Outcome-Based Education (OBE)
Assoc.Prof. Kunncadah Anuwong, Ph.D.AUN-QA Lead Assessor - Srinakharinwirot University
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Outline•Outcome-Based Education (OBE) principle & rationale
•Adoption of Outcome-Based Education
•Relationship between Outcome-Based Education (OBE), TQF and AUN-QA model at a program level
•OBE Key concepts and process
• Backward Curriculum Design
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Outcome-Based Education (OBE)
Clearly focusing and organizing everything in an educational
system around what is essential for all students to be
able to do successfully at the end of their learning
experiences. This means staring with a clear picture of what is important for students to be able to do, then, the organizing the curriculum, instruction, and assessment to make sure this learning outcomes ultimately happens.
Spady, 1994
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OBE starts with a Clear Picture
• Expected Learning Outcomes (ELOs) or Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs) or Student Outcomes (SOs)
• Statement of what students are expected to be able to do as a result of learning process
• Expressed in the form of action verbs leading to observable and assessable outcomes
Anuwong, K. 2019
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มคอ.1
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Why Outcome-based Education?
May 16, 2016
Anuwong, K. 2019
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Why Outcome-based Education?
May 16, 2016
Anuwong, K. 2019
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Why Outcome-based Education?
•What the students are capable of doing are clearly perceived by all people involved; e.g., teachers, students, employers, etc. •What the students are capable of doing can be
measured and monitored.•Region-wide “common abilities” of individual disciplines
are established. Mobility is promoted.• Student-centered model is enhanced, allowing
individual learning flexibility.•Active learning is the must!
Anuwong, K. 2019
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OBE Adoption • Adopted in education systems around the world, at multiple levels.
• Australia and South Africa - the early 1990s.
• The United States – since 1994, and has been adapted over the years.
• Hong Kong universities - 2005.
• Malaysia - 2008.
• The European Union has proposed an education shift to focus on outcomes, across the EU (Bolonga Process, June 1999). Fully implemented by HEIs by 2010.
• The Washington Accord (1989) - an agreement to accept undergraduate engineering degrees that were obtained using OBE methods.
• As of 2017, the full signatories are Australia, Canada, Taiwan, Hong Kong, India, Ireland, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Russia, Singapore, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Turkey, the United Kingdom, Pakistan, Myanmar, Vietnam, China and the United States.
• OBE used as a framework of many international QA systemsAnuwong, K. 2019
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กรอบมาตรฐานคณวฒระดบอดมศกษาแหงชาตTHAILAND QUALIFICATION FRAMEWORK
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หลกการส าคญของ TQF1. เปนเครองมอในการน าแนวนโยบายการพฒนาคณภาพและมาตรฐานการจดการศกษาตามทก าหนดใน
พ.ร.บ.การศกษาแหงชาตฯ ในสวนทเกยวกบมาตรฐานการอดมศกษาและการประกนคณภาพการศกษา
สการปฏบตในสถาบนอดมศกษาอยางเปนรปธรรม
2. มงเนนทผลการเรยนร (Learning Outcomes) 5 ดาน ซงเปนมาตรฐานขนต าเชงคณภาพเพอ
ประกนคณภาพบณฑต
3. มงประมวลกฎเกณฑและประกาศตางๆ ทเกยวกบเรองหลกสตรและการจดการเรยนการสอนเขาไว
ดวยกนและเชอมโยงใหเปนเรองเดยวกน
4. เปนเครองมอการสอสารทมประสทธภาพในการสรางความเขาใจและความมนใจในกลมผทเกยวของ/ม
สวนไดสวนเสย เชน นกศกษา ผปกครอง ผประกอบการ ชมชน สงคมและสถาบนอนๆ ทงในและ
ตางประเทศเกยวกบคณลกษณะของบณฑตทคาดวาจะพงม
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หลกการส าคญของ TQF (ตอ)
5. มงใหคณวฒหรอปรญญาของสถาบนใดๆของประเทศไทยเปนทยอมรบและ
เทยบเคยงกนไดกบสถาบนอดมศกษาทดทงในและตางประเทศ โดยเปดโอกาสให
สถาบนอดมศกษาสามารถจดหลกสตรตลอดจนกระบวนการเรยนการสอนไดอยาง
หลากหลาย โดยมนใจถงคณภาพของบณฑตซงจะมมาตรฐานผลการเรยนรตามทมงหวง
สามารถประกอบอาชพไดอยางมความสขและภาคภมใจ เปนทพงพอใจของนายจาง
6. สงเสรมการเรยนรตลอดชวต
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OBE and TQF
ELOs (5-6 TQF Domains)
Program Design:• PLOs (ELOs/ILOs)• Structure & Content• Curriculum Mapping
Course Design: • CLOs (ELOs/ILOs)• Teaching/Learning
activities• Student assessment
Course Assessment
Program Assessment
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AUN-QA Model for Higher Education Quality Assurance at Program Level: Version 4.0
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OBE, TQF and AUN-QA
ELOs (5-6 TQF Domains)
Program Design:• PLOs• Structure & Content• Curriculum Mapping
Course Design: • CLOs• Teaching/Learning
activities• Student assessment
Course Assessment
Program Assessment
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AUN-QA Criteria 1, 2
AUN-QA Criteria 1, 2, 3, 4
AUN-QA Criteria 2, 3, 4
Anuwong, K. 2021
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OBE Key Concept and Deployment: Constructive Alignment
Anuwong, K. 2019
Clear Program Learning Outcomes, PLOs or ELOs
Curriculum Development(Backward Curriculum Design)
Course Learning Outcomes, CLOs
Learning activities and Assessment
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Requirements
1.1 The programme to show that the expected learning outcomesa are appropriatelyformulated in accordance with an established learning taxonomy, are aligned to thevision and mission of the university, and are known to all stakeholders.
1.2 The programme to show that the expected learning outcomes for all courses areappropriately formulated and are aligned to the expected learning outcomes of theprogramme.
1.3 The programme to show that the expected learning outcomesa consist of both genericoutcomes (related to written and oral communication, problem-solving, informationtechnology, teambuilding skills, etc.) and subject specific outcomes (related to knowledgeand skills of the study discipline).
1.4 The programme to show that the requirements of the stakeholders, especially theexternal stakeholders, are gathered, and that these are reflected in the expected learningoutcomes.
1.5 The programme to show that the expected learning outcomes are achieved by thestudents by the time they graduateb.
AUN-QA: Criterion 1 - Expected Learning Outcomes
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Determining Stakeholders’ Needs
Who are significant
stakeholders of the program?
University Needs
Faculty Needs
Department Needs
Society Needs
Government/ Ministries/ Accreditation Bodies Needs
Employers/ Professional Bodies Needs
Students/Alumni NeedsAnuwong, K. 2017
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Example: Inputs for ELOs Formulation
TQF 5-6 ดาน
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ขอก าหนดสภาวชาชพ*
วตถประสงค เปาหมายหลกสตร
Program Learning Outcomes
ความตองการจ าเปนของนายจาง
วสยทศนมหาวทยาลย (คณะ ภาควชา)
คณลกษณะทพงประสงค อตลกษณนสตนกศกษาเสยงสะทอนจากศษยเกา
มาตรฐานสากล
21st Century Skills
Life Long Learning Skills
Anuwong, K. 2018
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Bloom’s Taxonomy (Revised): Cognition
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“Writing and Using Learning Outcomes: a Practical Guide” by Declan Kennedy, Aine Hyland, and Norma Ryan
Action Verbs
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OBE Key Concept and Deployment: Constructive Alignment
Anuwong, K. 2019
Clear Program Learning Outcomes, PLOs or ELOs
Curriculum Development(Backward Curriculum Design)
Course Learning Outcomes, CLOs
Learning activities and Assessment
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Requirements
2.1 The specifications of the programme and all its coursesc are shown to be comprehensive,up-to-date, and made available and communicated to all stakeholders.
2.2 The design of the curriculum is shown to be constructively alignedd with achieving theexpected learning outcomes.
2.3 The design of the curriculum is shown to include feedback from stakeholders, especiallyexternal stakeholders.
2.4 The contribution made by each coursec in achieving the expected learning outcomes isshown to be clear.
2.5 The curriculum to show that all its coursesc are logically structured, properly sequenced(progression from basic to intermediate to specialised courses), and are integrated.
2.6 The curriculum to have option(s) for students to pursue major and/or minorspecialisations.
2.7 The programme to show that its curriculum is reviewed periodically following anestablished procedure and that it remains up-to-date and relevant to industry.
AUN-QA: Criterion 2 - Programme Structure and Content
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Backward Curriculum Design
Draw knowledge, skills and attitude from individual PLOs, to create or redesign the courses for the whole program
Anuwong, K 2017
PLO Knowledge Specific Skills
Generic Skills
Attitude/Affection
Courses
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ขอบคณคะ