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Analysis of Humic Substances
Lawrence Mayhew
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Solid Media
“Classical” Extraction of Humic Acids
Extract with AlkaliHumin
(insoluble)
Treat Soluble Extract with Acid
Humic Acids
(ppt)
Fulvic Acids
(soluble)
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CDFA Method
Humic Acids
(ppt)
Fulvic Acids
(soluble)
Solid Media
Extract with AlkaliHumin
(insoluble)
Treat Soluble Extract with Acid
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CDFA Method and It’s Variants
Humic Acids
(ppt) Ash
Also contain
Oxidized materials
pH is not standardizedNot intended to be an analytical method
1
Personal communication between Lawrence Mayhew and John Husler, Staff Chemist, Earth & Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, (505) 277‐4424, Email: [email protected]
1
Richard T. Lamar; Karen H. Talbot, (2009). Critical Comparison of Humic Acid Methods. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, Vol 40, Issue 15, 2009, Pages 2309 – 2322.
2
Flaws with CDFA method were published in 20092
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Solid Media
“Fulvic Acids”
Extract with Alkali
Acidification
Humic Acids (ppt)
Fulvic Fraction
Adapted from Stevenson, F.J.(1994). Humus Chemistry: Genesis, Composition, Reactions, 2nd ed., John Wiley& Sons, Inc.
“Fulvic Acid”
DAX 8 Resin
Hydrophobic Fulvic Acids
Swift, R.S. 1996. Organic Matter Characterization. In D.L. Sparks et al., (eds.) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical methods. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 1011‐1069.
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Fulvic Fraction
Hydrophobic – water seemingly repelled by water
Hydrophilic – attracted to water, usually soluble
mineral salts, polysaccharides, amino sugars, amino acids, proteins, lignins, tannins, fatty acids, carbohydrates
Fulvic Acids
Lignosulfonates
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HPTA Protocol Highlights
Humic Acids are extracted NaOH under N2 (anoxic conditions)
Fulvic acids are adsorbed onto a hydrophobic exchange resin to separate them from non‐humic substances
Results are adjusted by ash content (ash‐free basis)
i.e. Si, Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K, Ti, Mn, Ba
Humic Acids are flocculated (ppt) at pH 1
Detect adulterated or fake products
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DAX‐8 ColumnH+ Exchange Column
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Roto‐Vap
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International Organization for Standardization
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Lawrence Mayhew
Thank You