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Anatomy and Function of the Anatomy and Function of the Cardiovascular SystemCardiovascular System
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The Central Role of the CV is to Distribute Oxygen to Cells
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Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle
The Primary Organ of the CV System is the Heart, a Four-Chamber Pump That Provides the Driving Force for Blood Flow
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The Flow of Blood From the Body to the Heart and Back Again
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The Circulation Also Must Supply the Heart Muscle Itself
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The Flow To and From the Heart Is Systematic
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Atherosclerosis is Restricted Blood Flow Through the Coronary Arteries
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Consequences of Disruption of Coronary Artery Flow
Thrombosis Myocardial Infarction…. “Heart Attack”
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Coronary Bypass Surgery-Method to Circumvent Arterial Blockage and Restore Coronary Circulation
Arterial Graphs
Pacemaker Leads
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Spontaneous Electrical Activity in the Heart
The electrical signals generated by the heart are what are referred to as an EKG or “electrocardiogram”
Signal Begins here
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“Normal” EKG is an indication that all the tissues are properly conducting electrical impulses
There are a large number of departures from this normal-looking EKG that indicate tissue damage or dysfunction.
• Distorted QRS complex
• ST segment depression
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PS vagus nerve
Sympathetic accelerator nerve
A-V Node
S-A Node
Heart Rate and Contractile Strength are Controlled by Input From Two Systems:Parasympathetic and Sympathetic
Spinal Cord
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Effects of the Parasympathetic and Sympathetic on Cardiovascular Function
PS Vagus
Heart Heart Rate Blood pumped from the Heart & Blood Pressure
Sympathetic
Heart Heart Rate Blood pumped from the Heart & Blood Pressure
Arterioles Constriction
Blood Pressure
“Fight or Flight”
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As vessels get further from the heart, they decrease in size but increase in importance.
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Constriction Versus Capacitance Vessels
The Ability to Constrict Arterioles is Vital for Distributing Blood to Various Tissues
Critical because there is a limited supply of blood and competition exists between tissues
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ARTERIOLES ARE THE PRIMARY “FLOW REGULATING” VESSELS
Capillaries assist in this process by opening/closing in response to different metabolic conditions.
This is also the site where fuel and gas exchange takes place
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CapillariesArterioles
Capillaries are the smallest elements of the “plumbing system”
Their density is a function of the need of the specific tissue for oxygen e.g. fast twitch versus slow twitch muscle
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Transfer of fuel,O2,CO2 etc. to and from blood and cells is accomplished at the capillaries via a process called “diffusion” which requires a difference in concentration between the two compartments.
Cell
Capillary
i.e. Concentration blood O2 > Concentration cell O2 = flow from blood to cell