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Anatomy of the Eye
Health Care Technology UnitORBIS Flying Eye Hospital
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Macula
Aqueous Humor
Iris
Cornea
Lens
Vitreous Humor
Optic Nerve
Retina
Choroid
Sclera
Anatomy of the eye
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Key anatomy of• Cornea : protective outer layer, triggers blink reflex,
tear duct secretion, and 2/3 of total refraction.
• Aqueous Humor: clear fluid behind the cornea.
• Iris: (pupil) constricts and dilates
• Retina : coats the back of the eye, image sensor (specialized cells: cones and rods)
• Lens : flexible, transparent, provides 1/3 refraction that focuses an image on the retina.
• Vitreous Humor: semi-gelatinous material filling the volume between the lens and the retina.
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anterior segment
posterior segment
anterior chamber
posterior chamber
Anatomy of the eye
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Lens
zonular fibers
Iris
cornea
ciliary process
ciliary muscle
capsula
Aqueous humor
Anatomy of the eye: Anterior segment
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epithelium
Bowman’ s membrane
Descemet’s membranestroma
endothelium 1 cell thickness (3 à 4000 cells/mm2 when born)
Thickness = 500 µm at center, 700 to 800 µm on sides
Dioptric power = 40 (total eye = 60 diopters)
Epithelium regenerates every 2 to 8 daysEndothelium is an unicellular layer that never regenerates (3 to 4000 cells /mm2 at birth)
Anatomy of the eye (detail): Cornea (5 layers)
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vitreous
sclera
limbus
optic disc foveamacula
optic nerve
choroid
retina (detached)
ora serrata
pars plana
Anatomy of the eye: Posterior segment
Reproduced from Alcon Training Material
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Ora serrata = anterior limit of retina
vitreousbase
Anatomy of the eye (detail): Posterior segment
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Anatomic Macula
Reproduced from Basic Clinical Science Course, Foundation of the American Academy of Ophthalmology. 2003 - 2004.
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1. Cornea & Cataract
2. Retina & VitreousCataract Corneal Diseases
Retinal Detachment Macular Diseases Diabetic Retinopathy
Six sub-specialties of Ophthalmology
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4. Oculoplastics (trauma, birth defects, tumors, cosmetics)
5. Pediatrics & Strabismus
6. Neuro-ophthalmology (optic disk, optic nerve, brain)
3. Glaucoma
Six sub-specialties of ophthalmology
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Acknowledgements
• ALCON Laboratories
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