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Anatomy & Physiology of the Muscular system
By: Chanelle BantaAudience: Anyone who wants to learn about the muscular system
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Definition of Anatomy & Physiology
• Anatomy- the study of structure
• Physiology- the study of function
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3 Types of Muscle• Skeletal
Muscle
• Smooth Muscle
• Cardiac Muscle
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Skeletal Muscle• Organ of the muscular system
• Composed of primarily:
• skeletal muscle tissue
• nervous tissue
• blood and other connective tissue
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Functions of the Skeletal Muscle
• Movement
• Posture
• Stabilizes joints
• Heat
• Protects organs
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Connective Tissue Covering
• Fascia is the layers of dense connective tissue that holds the individual skeletal muscles in position.
• Tendons are cordlike or bandlike mass of white fibrous connective tissue that connects a muscle to a bone.
• The connective tissues associated with a muscle form broad, fibrous sheets called aponeuroses.
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Muscle Flow ChartMuscle
FascicleMuscle Fiber
MyofibrilSarcomere
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Neuromuscular Junction• Neurons establish communication networks throughout the body.
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Muscle Contraction
• The neurotransmitter that motor neurons use to control skeletal muscle contraction is called Acetylcholine.
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Types of Contraction• Isotonic contraction changes
the muscle length.
• Isometric contraction that does not change the length of the muscle.
• Concentric contraction shortens the muscle.
• Eccentric contraction is the force in a muscle less than that required to move an object.
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Smooth Muscle
• Multiunit Smooth Muscle
• Visceral Smooth Muscle
Two Major Types:
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Multiunit Smooth Muscle• the muscle fibers are less
organized and function as separate units, independent neighboring cells.
can be found in the irises of the eye
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Visceral Smooth Muscle• composed of sheets of spindle-
shaped cells held in close contact by gap junctions.
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Cardiac Muscle• appears only in the heart
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Cardiac Muscle
• Striated cells joined end to end
• Forming fibers interconnected in branching
• Three-Dimensional networks
Composed of :
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Origin & Insertion
• Origin is the immovable end of a muscle.
• Insertion is the movable end of a muscle.
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Direct & Indirect Attachments
• Direct Attachment is where the connective tissue fuses with the bone.
• Indirect Attachment is where outer connective tissue forms a tendon that connects to the bone.
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Major Skeletal Muscles
• Pectoralis Major
• Deltoid
• Extensor Digitorum
• Biceps Brachii
• Sternocleidomastoid
• External Oblique
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Muscles Of Facial Expression
• Epicranius
• Orbicularis Oculi
• Buccinator
• Zygomaticus Major & Minor
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Muscles That Move the Head & Vertebral Column
• Sternoclediomastoid
• Splenius Capitis
• Semispinalis Capitis
• Quadratus Lumborum
• Erector Spinae
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Muscles That Move The Arm
• Coracobrachialis
• Pectoralis Major
• Teres Major
• Latissimus Dorsi
• Supraspinatus
• Deltoid
• Subscapularis
• Infraspinatus
• Teres Minor
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Muscles That Move The Hand
• Flexor carpi radialis
• Flexor carpi ulnaris
• Palmaris longus
• Flexor digitorum profundus
• Flexor digitorum superfilialis
• Extensor carpi radialis longus
• Extensor carpi radialis brevis
• Extensor carpi ulnaris
• Extensor digitorum
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Muscles That Move The Leg
• Biceps femoris
• Semiteninosus
• Semimembranosus
• Sartorius
• Rectus femoris
• Vastus lateralis
• Vastus medialis
• Vastus intermedius
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Muscles That Move The Foot
• Tibialis anterior
• Fibularis tertius
• Extensor digitorum longus
• Extensor hallucis longus
• Gastrocnemius
• Soleus
• Plantaris
• Flexor digitorum longus
• Tibialis posterior
• Fibularis longus
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