Download - Ancient Civilizations: Egypt
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Geography & Environment
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• On which continent is Egypt located?
• Africa; in the northeastern region
The Geography
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I. Location1. North Africa 2. Natural barriers: Mediterranean Sea,
Sahara Desert, Red SeaA. Result = less prone to invasion.
The Geography
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• On which river did the ancient Egyptians settle?
• Nile River• WHY??
The Geography
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The GeographyI. Nile River
1.World’s longest river (4130 miles)
2.“Gift of the Nile” annual flooding that deposits rich soil.
3.BenefitsA.Easy communication.B.Transportation.C.Ample water supply.
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Upper
Lower
Menes
Upper vs Lower
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Society
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Great to be an Egyptian?• A social
hierarchy not locked in.
• Possible to change status via marriage, personal success, etc.
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Royal Family
Upper Class:Priests, Army, Gov’t
Middle Class:Merchants and Artisans
Lower Class:Peasant Farmers and Laborers
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IntellectualHistory
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Writing• Earliest form of
writing = pictograph
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The Importance of Writing• In hieroglyphics:• Images stand for ideas,
as well as for sounds• The image of an OWL stands for
the m sound, as well as for the bird itself
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The Importance of Writing• Hieroglyphics: developed from
pictographs• Images stand for ideas,
as well as for sounds
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Papyrus
- A paper-like material
- Now scribes could write on a more compact surface, instead of stone or clay.
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As the Egyptian civilization declined, any chance of deciphering hieroglyphics was lost….
Rosetta Stone
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Religion & Government
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• Polytheism: • The worship of
many gods• Worshipped
2000+ gods and goddesses
Egyptian Religion
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Ra – the sun god.
He was the most
important god of the
ancient Egyptians.
Isis – the protective goddess. She used powerful magic to
help people in
need.Anubis –
the god of
embalming and
the dead.
Osiris – god of
the dead, and ruler
of the underwor
ld.
Brother and Sister
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Seth – the god of chaos.
Atum – the
creator god.
Believed to be the first god to exist.
Sekhmet –
goddess of war.
Horus – god of
the sky. Protector
of the pharaoh.
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Who is this?
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Egyptian Government
• Theocracy: • Type of gov’t
in which rule is based upon religious authority
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Egyptian Government
• Pharoh• Egyptians believed that their
kings, or pharaohs, WERE gods• Pharaohs VERY POWERFUL!• Ruled religion, government &
military
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What is Ka?• Egyptians
believed that the Pharaohs possessed an eternal life force, also known as ka
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What is Ka?• Ka allowed pharaohs to rule for
all of eternity; therefore, their tombs were even more important than their palaces on earth