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ANGIOSPERM FAMILIES 02
JUGLANDACEAETHE WALNUT FAMILY
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JUGLANDACEAETHE WALNUT FAMILY
• Trees or large shrubs.• Forests of the North Temperate zone and to
some extent in the tropics of both hemispheres.
• 9 genera and about 60 species worldwide.• Two genera and 17 species in N America.– Juglans– Carya
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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FAMILY
• HABIT: trees and large shrubs.• LEAVES: deciduous, alternate, pinnately
compound, estipulate.• FRUIT: a hard nut surrounded by woody or
semifleshy husk; husk dehiscent or indehiscent; seed with large convoluted cotyledons.
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DETAILS OF THE FLOWER
• Anemophilous. • Unisexual, monoecious. • Calyx lobed, 3-5 lobes; subtended by a bract
and two bracteoles.• Petals absent.• Staminate flowers in catkins. • Pistillate flowers solitary or few in stalks.
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JUGLANS FEMALE FLOWERSJUGLAND NIGRA L. JUGLANS CINEREA L.
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JUGLANS MALE FLOWERSJUGLANS NIGRA L. JUGANS CINEREA L.
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GENUS JUGLANS
• LEAVES: pinnate, odd or even pinna number; leaflets 9-23, sessile or nearly so, oblong-lanceolate, apex acute or acuminate, uneven base, margin finely serrate, apical leaflet often absent; petiole and rachis stout and finely pubescent.
• FLOWER: plant monoecious; imperfect; male flowers in catkins; female flower solitary or in short spikes, with plumose stigmas.
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GENUS JUGLANS cont.
• FRUIT: a nut with semifleshy indehiscent husk; nut thick-walled, corrugated; seed sweet often oily.
• TWIGS: light brown, stout, pubescent or glabrous; pith chambered; terminal bud with few scales.
• LEAF SCARS: 3-lobed, with three U-shaped bundle scars.
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JUGLANS NIGRA L.Black walnut
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JUGLANS CINEREA L.Butternut or White walnut
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FRUIT COMPARISONJUGLANS NIGRA L. JUGLANS CINEREA L.
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GENUS JUGLANS Range in North America
Juglans nigra L. Juglans cinerea L.
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GENUS CARYA Nutt.HICKORIES
• Trees• Present range: Eastern North America,
southern Canada and Mexico; Caucasus to Japan.
• Extinct range: Europe, N Africa, Asia, and N America.
• 18 extant species; several extinct species.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GENUS
• LEAVES: pinnately compound; 3 -17 sessile or nearly so leaflets, apical leaflet usually the largest; leaflets ovate to obovate, apex acute or acuminate, uneven bases, margin finely serrate, pubescent; petiole and rachis pubescent or glabrous, stout.
• FLOWERS: plant monoecious, flowers imperfect; staminate flowers in 3-branched catkins, 3 to 7 stamens, 2-3 lobed calyx;
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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GENUS
• FLOWERS cont.: pistillate flowers on 2 to 10 terminal spikes, ovary 1-celled with two stigmas, subtended by a bract and three bracteoles.
• FRUIT: ovoid, pyriform or globose nut encased in a woody husk that may split in four sutures; seed with a thick or thin shell.
• TWIG: stout or slender, dark brown, gray or orange brown; terminal bud large
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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GENUS
• SCARS: 3-lobed or deltoid; many bundle scars in 3 U-shaped clusters.
• PITH: homogeneous
• NORTH AMERICAN HICKORIES are grouped in two sections: – Section Carya, true hickories– Section Apocarya, pecan hickories
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INFRAGENERIC CLASSIFICATION
• SECTION Carya, true hickories– Leaflets 5 – 7, terminal leaflet the largest.– Fruit unwinged, with sutures occasionally ribbed.– Bud scales imbricate; 6 – 9 thin scales
• SECTION Apocarya, pecan hickories– Leaflets 7 – 13, leaflets similar.– Fruit broadly winged at the sutures.– Bud scales not overlapping; 4 – 6 fleshy scales.
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CARYA TOMENTOSA (Poir.) NuttMockernut hickory.
LEAF FRUITS
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CARYA TOMENTOSA (Poir.) Nutt.
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CARYA GLABRA (Mill.) SweetPIGNUT HICKORY
LEAF FRUIT
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CARYA GLABRA (Mill.) SweetPIGNUT HICKORY
TWIG LEAF UNDERSIDE
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CARYA ILLINOIENSIS (Wangen.) K. KochPECAN
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CARYA ILLINOIENSIS (Wangen.) K. KochPECAN
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ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF THE JUGLANDACEAE
• The walnuts produce a valuable wood used in cabinetry.
• Hickories produce a very strong wood used for many purposes where strength is needed.
• Pecan is the most valuable nut in N America.• The nuts of walnuts and hickories are an
important source of food for wildlife.• Important ornamental trees.