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Anglo-Saxon Period407 - 1066 AD
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Celts Welsh language isolated for centuries Flamboyant descriptions
55 B.C. Julius Caesar invades Briton
55 B.C. - 407 A.D. Roman Influence Hadrian’s Wall -- separated Romans from Celts
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407 AD Roman troops leave Britain to defend
Rome Civilized – agriculture, roads, architecture,
irrigation systems, baths, arts, music, Christianity
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Anglo-Saxon Period407 to 1066 AD
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449 AD – Anglo-Saxon Invasion
The Dark Ages Angles/Saxons/Jutes/Frisians Divided England into 7 kingdoms Angles were the most dominant
(Angle-land = England)
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Stonehenge
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Anglo-Saxon Culture Sea-faring people, love of battle Land of tribes/chieftains/warriors Short, bleak, violent lives Pagans (wyrd = fate) Druids (runic alphabet) Oral culture -- unable to read or write Understatement, ambiguity, innuendo, word-play,
riddles and circular poems
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597 AD
St. Augustine establishes monastery at Canterbury
Christianity begins to spread -- Latin, Greek, and Hebrew
Venerable Bede – 1st historian of English history
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750 AD
Beowulf Author unknown Epic, hero quest Oldest surviving poem
in English
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793 AD
Vikings (Danes) start raiding and looting Gained control of North and East England
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851 ADKing Alfred the
Great
Savior of the English language
Founder of English prose
Only English king to be called “the Great”
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King Alfred the Great
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1066 AD Anglo-Saxon period
ends with the Norman Conquest and the battle over control of England.
William the Conqueror defeats Harold II at Battle of Hastings to become King of England.
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Language and Literature Roman alphabet replaces the runic alphabet Poetry, etc., are oral arts Printing was hand-written by scribes Very few manuscripts survived – Beowulf, Exeter
book, Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Literature has elements of the time period –
battles, supernatural creatures, heroic deeds, pagan and Christian elements, fate, loyalty
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Terms to Know
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Caesura
A pause dividing a line into 2 parts
EXAMPLE: He took what he wanted // all the treasures
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Alliteration: repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words
Epitaph: inscription on tomb, any verse commemorating someone who has died
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Kenning
Metaphorical compound words or phrases substituted for simple nouns
“whale’s way” = sea “shepherd of evil” = Grendel
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Narrative Poetry
Poetry that tells a story Epic is a narrative poem Strong rhythm Repetition of sounds/words/phrases/ideas Parallel grammatical structure
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7 Characteristics of an Epic1. Hero of high social status or historical
importance2. Fateful actions3. Courageous and superhuman deeds4. Supernatural complications5. Large-scale setting, long journey6. Formal speeches7. Universal ideas/themes (good v. evil; life/death)
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Beowulf
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