Download - Animal Assisted Psychotherapy (AAP)
Animal Assisted Animal Assisted Psychotherapy (AAP)Psychotherapy (AAP)Dr. Peter ClaydonDr. Peter ClaydonLicensed Clinical PsychologistLicensed Clinical PsychologistAnimal HuggerAnimal Hugger
OutlineOutline
Historical AntecedentsHistorical Antecedents
Contemporary PerspectivesContemporary Perspectives
Benefits and Limitations of Benefits and Limitations of AAPAAP
Examples and Descriptions Examples and Descriptions of Canine and Equine of Canine and Equine Assisted PsychotherapyAssisted Psychotherapy
Historical Historical Antecedents: Animal Antecedents: Animal Assisted TherapyAssisted Therapy
99thth cc Belgium: disabled patients + farm animals Belgium: disabled patients + farm animals
1792 Quakers in York, England: psychiatric in-1792 Quakers in York, England: psychiatric in-patients + birds and rabbits patients + birds and rabbits
1860 Florence Nightingale, 1860 Florence Nightingale, Notes on NursingNotes on Nursing: the : the sick/invalids + small pets/bird in a cagesick/invalids + small pets/bird in a cage
Late 19Late 19thth cc Germany: epilepsy + birds, dogs, cats Germany: epilepsy + birds, dogs, cats and horsesand horses
Early 20Early 20thth cc US, Secretary of the Interior, Franklin US, Secretary of the Interior, Franklin Lane: psychiatric patients + dogs Lane: psychiatric patients + dogs
Early 20Early 20thth cc Sigmund Freud: psychiatric patients + Sigmund Freud: psychiatric patients + dog “Jo-Fi”dog “Jo-Fi”
End of WWII, Army Air Corps Convalescent Center New End of WWII, Army Air Corps Convalescent Center New YorkYork
Serendipitous Serendipitous Discovery in the 1960s Discovery in the 1960s
Boris Levinson, MD: 9 yr old patient + Boris Levinson, MD: 9 yr old patient + dog “Jingles” – the birth of animal dog “Jingles” – the birth of animal assisted psychotherapy (“Pet Therapy”)assisted psychotherapy (“Pet Therapy”)
OSU Psychiatric Hospital, Drs. Corsen OSU Psychiatric Hospital, Drs. Corsen + Corsen: socialization skill + Corsen: socialization skill development of adult and adolescent development of adult and adolescent inpatients + dogsinpatients + dogs
Contemporary Contemporary ResearchResearch
Barker & Dawson (1998): institutionalized Barker & Dawson (1998): institutionalized patients and anxiety + dogspatients and anxiety + dogs
Barak et al. (2001): elderly patients with Barak et al. (2001): elderly patients with schizophrenia + dogs and catsschizophrenia + dogs and cats
Kovacs et al. (2004): middle-aged patients Kovacs et al. (2004): middle-aged patients with schizophrenia + small animalswith schizophrenia + small animals
Cobaleda-Kegler (2006): female juvenile Cobaleda-Kegler (2006): female juvenile offenders + cats offenders + cats
Limitations: no comparison groupsLimitations: no comparison groups
Trotter, Chandler, Trotter, Chandler, Goodwin-Bond and Casey Goodwin-Bond and Casey
(2008) (2008) ““A Comparative Study of the Efficacy A Comparative Study of the Efficacy of Group Equine Assisted Counseling of Group Equine Assisted Counseling with At Risk Children and Adolescents”with At Risk Children and Adolescents” Group 1: Equine Assisted Counseling Group 1: Equine Assisted Counseling
(EAC)(EAC) Group 2: school-based group counseling Group 2: school-based group counseling
(“Kids Connection”)(“Kids Connection”)
Results showed EAC superior to school Results showed EAC superior to school counseling on all measurescounseling on all measures
Limitations…. Limitations….
Benefits of AAPBenefits of AAP
1.1. Symptom reductionSymptom reduction, e.g. Depression; , e.g. Depression; Anxiety; Attention Deficit and Anxiety; Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder; Conduct Hyperactivity Disorder; Conduct Disorders; Substance Abuse; Body Image Disorders; Substance Abuse; Body Image Disorders; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder; Schizophrenias; Autism Disorder; Schizophrenias; Autism Spectrum DisordersSpectrum Disorders
2.2. Functional improvement Functional improvement in areas such in areas such as self-esteem; social and relational as self-esteem; social and relational abilities; learning (e.g. memory, abilities; learning (e.g. memory, problem solving, decision making)problem solving, decision making)
Limitations of AAPLimitations of AAP
1.1. Not suitable for all patient Not suitable for all patient populations, e.g. severe Anti Social populations, e.g. severe Anti Social Personality Disorder; certain Personality Disorder; certain psychotic states; serious dementia or psychotic states; serious dementia or brain damagebrain damage
2.2. Some animals may not be suited for Some animals may not be suited for AAP AAP
Accrediting & Accrediting & CertificationCertification
PET PARTNERS PET PARTNERS (formerly The Delta Society), (formerly The Delta Society), est. mid-1970s <deltasociety.org>est. mid-1970s <deltasociety.org>
EFMHAEFMHA, Equine Facilitated Mental Health , Equine Facilitated Mental Health Association, a subsidiary of PATH International Association, a subsidiary of PATH International Professional Association of Therapeutic Professional Association of Therapeutic Horsemanship International, est. 1969 (formerly Horsemanship International, est. 1969 (formerly NARHA) <pathintl.org>NARHA) <pathintl.org>
EAGALAEAGALA, Equine Assisted Growth and Learning , Equine Assisted Growth and Learning Association, est. 1999 <eagala.org>Association, est. 1999 <eagala.org>
CBEIPCBEIP, Certification Board for Equine , Certification Board for Equine Interaction Professionals, circa 2010 Interaction Professionals, circa 2010 <cbeip.org><cbeip.org>
Local Equine Assisted Local Equine Assisted Therapy ProgramsTherapy Programs
H.E.A.R.T.S Adaptive Riding Program H.E.A.R.T.S Adaptive Riding Program (Santa Barbara)(Santa Barbara)
Windhorse Equine Assisted Therapy Windhorse Equine Assisted Therapy Center (Santa Ynez Valley)Center (Santa Ynez Valley)
Reins of H.O.P.E. (Ojai)Reins of H.O.P.E. (Ojai)
HEARTS Therapeutic Equestrian HEARTS Therapeutic Equestrian CenterCenter
www.heartsadaptiveriding.org
Accredited by PATH InternationalAccredited by PATH International
Windhorse Equine Windhorse Equine Assisted Therapy Assisted Therapy
CenterCenterFormerly Santa Ynez Valley Therapeutic Formerly Santa Ynez Valley Therapeutic Riding ProgramRiding Program
www.syvtherapeuticriding.orgwww.syvtherapeuticriding.org
• H.E.L.P. - Horse Enlightened Learning and Psychotherapy
Reins of H.O.P.E.Reins of H.O.P.E.
• reinsofhope-ojai.org
• Executive Director: Julie Sardonia, M.A., L.M.F.T.
Local Canine Local Canine Assisted TherapyAssisted Therapy
Child Abuse Listening and Mediation Child Abuse Listening and Mediation (CALM): calm4kids.org(CALM): calm4kids.org
Pilot Program, principal investigator Pilot Program, principal investigator Brenda Murrow, PhD candidate: Brenda Murrow, PhD candidate: [email protected]@calm4kids.org
My Therapy Dog, My Therapy Dog, PixiePixie