Download - Animal Farm
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Animal FarmA rush through Russian history
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Pre 1917• Tsar Nicolas II ruled
Russia. • The ruling class was
very rich and powerful• Most people in Russia
were poor peasant workers, living in appalling conditions – low wages and little food.
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February 1917• Demonstrations and
protests in Petrograd (St Petersburg) led to Emperor Nicolas II’s forced abdication
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The October Revolution (1917)• This more organised
rebellion established the Bolsheviks in power. • Lenin, supported by
Stalin and Trotsky, led the Bolsheviks.• Communism was
established
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Power struggle• When Lenin became
ill (he died in 1924), the struggle for leadership between Stalin and Trotsky intensified.
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Leon Trotsky• Brilliant and charismatic• Creator of Red Army,
theorist of communism• A gifted speaker, wanted
to educate his people and improve their lives• Had a vision of
communism spreading across the world
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Josef Stalin• Much less charismatic
than Trotsky, seen as rude and uncultured• Was a strategist – got
to know key people in the party• Took control of the
secret police• Wanted ‘socialism in
one country’
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1918 – Civil War in Russia• Trotsky showed skill
during the war, whereas Stalin tended to stay behind the scenes• Western countries sent
armies to fight against the Bolsheviks, concerned that Communism could spread
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Leadership• Lenin wanted Trotsky
to lead the party, but Stalin had worked behind Trotsky’s back – ‘digging the dirt’.• Stalin eventually took
control and began dictating – not quite the equal society that had been promised.
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Stalin in power• Through clever use of
propaganda and the secret police, Stalin forced Trotsky out of Russia into exile.• Stalin decided he
wanted to ‘industrialise’ Russia – quickly. He implemented his ‘five-year plan’. It failed.
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Propaganda• Stalin was a master of
propaganda.• People who fell out of
favour with Stalin were often killed and eliminated from historical record.• For example, Trotsky was
standing beside Stalin. Once he fell out of favour, he was removed from the photo.
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Problems in Russia• Reeling from war and the
failed five year plan, there was famine in Russia.
• Some people began to rebel – they were punished and executed by Stalin in ‘show trials’.
• His power was so great that innocent people (but seen as a threat) confessed to crimes they had not committed.
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Tyranny• Stalin became
increasingly dictatorial• He wanted to be
worshipped and seen as a ‘God-like’ figure
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World War II• Stalin initially sided
with Britain and France, but changed his mind and formed an agreement with Germany in 1939.• Despite this,
Germany invaded Russia in 1941.
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Impact• The Russian people
suffered much hardship following this invasion. In 1943, Germany was eventually driven out of Russia
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Power…• By 1943, Stalin’s power
was absolute• After brief alliance with
Germany, met with Britain and America to discuss the war• He became more like a
Tsar than a man whose ideas were supposedly based on those of Marx or Lenin
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Questions…• In your opinion, what qualities should a good leader have?• Why do you think revolutions occur? What circumstances
would drive people to overthrow their daily lives?• Nations may be unhappy with their circumstances for many
reasons. List some of these. Of the reasons you came up with, which can be partly or completely changed?