Download - Animal Science and the Industry
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Animal Science and the Industry
Unit B
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Exploring the Swine Industry
Lesson 3
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Common Core/ Next Generation Science Standards Addressed
• CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.4 - Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including vocabulary describing political, social, or economic aspects of history/social science.
• CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.9-10.2a - Introduce a topic and organize ideas, concepts, and information to make important connections and distinctions; include formatting (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g., figures, tables), and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.
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Bell Work
1.Name as many breads of swine as you can?
2.Are pigs Ruminants?
3.Can a gilt be a father and why?
4.What is better ham or bacon, and why?
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Student Learning Objectives
• Locate major physical characteristics of swine.
• Describe common swine breeds.
• Explain selection of superior animals.
• Contrast various pork production systems and methods of marketing hogs.
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Terms
• Barrow• Boar• Farrowing• Feeder Pig• Gilt• Meatiness• Meat-type hog• Pedigree
• Piglet• Porcine Stress
Syndrome (PSS)• Production testing• Prolificacy• Sow• Specific pathogen
free• Type
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Swine Terms
• Piglet– a baby pig
• Barrow– a male pig that was castrated at a young age
• Gilt– a young female pig that has not given birth or “farrowed”
• Sow– an older female pig
• Boar– mature male hog
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Swine Terms
• Prolificacy– the ability to produce large numbers of
offspring
• Meat-type hog– hog that produces the greatest amount of high
value meat cuts
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What are the major parts of a hog?
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What are the major parts of a hog?
Main use of swine is for meat• 4 primary carcass cuts (most valuable meat)
– picnic shoulder– ham– loin– Boston Shoulder
• Other carcass cuts (usually ground into sausage)– jowl– side– hock
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What are the major parts of a hog carcass?
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What are the common swine breeds and characteristics of the breeds?
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Duroc• Originated in the United States• color is varying shades of red• droopy ears• good mothering ability• efficient feed converters• fast growth rate• a meat-type hog
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Hampshire
• Originated in England• black hogs with a white
belt that encircles the forepart of body, starting behind head and neck
• erect ears• foraging ability• leanness of carcass• muscling• used as show animals or
in crossbreeding programs
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Yorkshire
• Originated in Yorkshire, England
• color is white, can have black freckles
• long bodies• erect ears• large litters• good mothering ability• good feed efficiency• rapid growth• used as bacon-type hogs
or in crossbreeding programs
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Hereford
• Originated from the Poland China, Duroc and other breeds
• color is red with a white face
• droopy ears• prolific• good mothering ability• foraging ability
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Berkshire
• Originated in Berkshire & Wiltshire Counties in England
• color is black with 6 white points (feet, tail, snout)
• erect ears• medium-sized hog• lean carcass
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Poland China
• Originated in Ohio• color is black with six
white points (feet, tail, & face
• drooping ears• large breed• produces carcasses with
large loin eyes• very little back fat• commonly used in
crossbreeding programs
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Chester White
• White in color with drooping ears.
• Originated in Pennsylvania.
• Very aggressive
• Used in cross breeding programs
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• Black and white spots with drooping ears.
• Original cross between a Poland China and English spot. Developed in Ohio.
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Landrace
• White with very large drooping ears
• Originated in Denmark
• Considered a bacon breed in Europe.
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Tamworth
• Red/brown with erect ears.
• Originated in England/Ireland.
• A lean breed, but not noted for exceptional growth.
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How do I know which hogs are better than others?
Terms• Specific pathogen free (SPF)
– these swine are free from diseases at birth/raised indoors
• Porcine Stress Syndrome (PSS)– an inherited neuromuscular disease in
heavily muscled animals
• Type– means that you are trying to find an animal
that is close to ideal as possible
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How do I know which hogs are better than others?
More terms• Meatiness
– describes how much meat and fat an animal has
• Pedigree– a record of ancestry or heredity
• Production testing– the best way to evaluate and make predictions on an
animal’s potential to be productive
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How do I know which hogs are better than others?
• Selection will vary based on your personal preference and production needs
• buying wrong animals could lead to failure of your business
• Things to look for:– size– health– type– pedigree– production testing
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How do I know which hogs are better than others?
• Health of animals is very important• You want to purchase animals that are disease
free• Herds should be certified brucellosis &
pseudorabies free• Never buy swine from herds that do not offer
health information available from the seller• Test for PSS• Observe animals for parasites & diseases• Isolate animals with problems to avoid spreading
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How do I know which hogs are better than others?
• Select for type– meatiness– genetic defects– PSS– pedigree
• avoid genetic defects by researching pedigrees
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How do I know which hogs are better than others?
• Swine registries have production testing for purebred animals
• characteristics included in registries– offspring– health– appearance– back fat– ability to grow quickly– reproductive qualities– if breed standards are met
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What are the different production systems and how do they work?
Terms
• Farrowing– process of a female pig giving birth
• Feeder pigs– a pig that has been weaned and weighs
approximately 40 pounds
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Sow and Litter Systems
• Pigs are farrowed and fed up to slaughter weight at the same farm
• confinement or pasture systems
• most common swine operations
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Sow and Litter Systems
ConfinementAdvantages
• pigs can be marketed throughout the year
• less labor• income throughout
the yearDisadvantage
• expensive startup costs
PastureAdvantage
• lower initial investment
Disadvantages• more labor intense• production might be
limited depending on season
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Purebred System
• Produces breeding stock that others producers will use in their systems
• Requires intense management – registration paperwork
• Least common operation• Less than 1% of all hogs raised in the U.S.
are registered purebreds• Purebreds are extremely important
because of breed improvements
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Purebred Systems
• To be a purebred producer you must know:– a great deal about genetics– showing & promotion of your breed
• Purebred Producers are working to:– create animals that will meet consumer
demands
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Feeder Pig Production System
• Breed & farrow litters of piglets• This systems farrows and weans and sells
the feeder pigs• Keeps a breeding herd of sows that farrow
between 14 to 16 piglets each• Minimal investment is required• Must mange to keep a steady supply of
feeder pigs to sell• Less feed is required in this system
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Finishing Feeder-Pig System
• Operations that buy feeder pigs and feed them until they are market weight approximately 240 pounds
• Profit is based upon how much feed it takes to produce 1 pound of pork
• The less feed it takes the more profit
• Balancing feed rations is very important in this system
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Review
• What are the major parts of a hog?
• What are the common swine breeds and characteristics of the breed?
• How do I know which hogs are better than others?
• What are the different production systems and how do they work?
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The End!