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Animal ScienceDigestive Systems
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Types of Digestive Systems
Cats
Chickens Pigs
DogsTurkeys
Monogastrics Ruminants Hind Gut Fermentors
Beef Cattle Dairy Cattle
Deer
SheepGoats
Horses
Rabbits
Ostrich
Avian
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Monogastrics
Cats PigsDogsHumans
• One compartment stomach• Cannot digest grass or hay• Secretes acid and enzymes that
digest food• Need high energy diets
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Esophagus
Stomach
Liver Pancreas
Duodenum
Small intestine (jejunum, ileum)
Cecum
Colon
Rectum
Digestive Tract - Pig
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Organs of Digestive SystemMonogastrics
Mouth►Mechanical breakdown of foodstuffs by chewing
►Saliva added as a lubricant and begins digestion.
Esophagus►Tube connecting the mouth
to the stomach.
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Stomach►Enzymatic digestion of proteins begins.
►Food reduced to liquid form.
Liver►Center of metabolic activity in the body.
►Provides bile salts to small intestine (needed for digestion and absorption of fats).
Organs of Digestive SystemMonogastrics
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Pancreas►Provides digestive enzymes to the small intestine to help
in digestion of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.
Small Intestine►3 sections – duodenum, jejunum, ileum
►Site of final stages of chemical enzymatic digestion.
►Where almost all nutrients are absorbed.
Organs of Digestive SystemMonogastrics
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Organs of Digestive SystemMonogastrics
Large Intestine►3 sections – cecum, colon, rectum
►Site of water absorption
►Feces formed.
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Avian• Considered monogastric• One compartment stomach• Cannot digest grass or hay• Secretes acid and enzymes
that digest food• Need high energy diets
Chickens
Turkeys
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Digestive Tract - Poultry
Esophagus
Crop
Proventriculus
Gizzard Liver
Gall bladder
Cecum
Cloaca
Large intestine
Small intestine (jejunum, ileum)
Pancreas
Duodenum
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Organs of Digestive SystemAvian
Beak►No lips, no teeth, and no chewing.
Crop►Pocket of the esophagus that provides storage for
consumed food.
►Food is moistened and softened
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Organs of Digestive SystemAvian
Proventriculus►Glandular stomach adds digestive juices
Gizzard►Grinds and breaks up food.
►May contain grit (small stones) eaten by bird.
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Organs of Digestive SystemAvian
Cloaca►Common chamber into
which the digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts open.
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Ruminants• Most herbivores• Fore-gut fermentation vat for grass and
hay• Four compartment stomach (not four
stomachs)• Chews cud
Beef Cattle Dairy Cattle DeerSheepGoats
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Digestive Tract - Cattle
Esophagus
Rumen
Omasum
Reticulum
Abomasum
Pancreas
Liver
Gall bladder
Cecum
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
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Organs of Digestive SystemRuminants
Mouth, esophagus, liver, pancreas, small intestine, and large intestine have functions similar to monogastrics.
Stomach►Multi-compartmented stomach – rumen,
reticulum, omasum, abomasum.
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Parts of the Ruminant Stomach
Rumen:►Largest compartment
►“Fermentation Vat”
►Digests forages
Rumen Capacity
Species Normal capacity Maximum capacity
Cow (1000 lb) 25-30 gallons 55-60 gallons
Ewe (150 lb) 3-5 gallons 5-10 gallons
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Parts of the Ruminant Stomach
Rumen (continued):
►Lined with millions of
papillae (short projections
on wall of rumen) needed
for absorption. “Shag carpet” appearance
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Parts of Ruminant Stomach
Reticulum:
►Contains microorganisms (like the rumen).
►Catches non-digested
material.
►“The Honeycomb”Catches and holds hardware
consumed by animal.
Hardware can be removed with
rumen magnet.
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Parts of Ruminant Stomach
Omasum:
►“The Book”
►A heavy, hard organ with a lining that has many folds►Function not well understood.Filters large particles back to
reticulum
Absorbs water
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Organs of Digestive SystemMonogastrics
Abomasum:►“True Stomach”
Similar to monogastric or human stomach
►Digests grains and breaks down proteins
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Hind-gut Fermenters• One simple, glandular stomach• Hind-gut fermenter (Cecum)
digests plant fiber• Must graze often• Must have fiber (grass or hay)
Horses Rabbits Ostrich
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Digestive Tract - Horse
Esophagus
Stomach
Duodenum
Small intestineCecum
Large colon
Small colon
Rectum
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Organs of Digestive SystemHind-Gut Fermentors
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, and small intestine have similar functions as compared to monogastrics.
Cecum►Large and complex compared to monogastrics and
ruminants.
►Cecum similar to rumen in ruminants
►Fermentation vat
►Microbes to break down fiber
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Esophagus
Stomach
Liver Pancreas
Duodenum
Small intestine (jejunum, ileum)
Cecum
Colon
Rectum
Digestive Tract Type?
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Digestive Tract Type?
Esophagus
Crop
Proventriculus
Gizzard Liver
Gall bladder
Cecum
Cloaca
Large intestine
Small intestine (jejunum, ileum)
Pancreas
Duodenum
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Digestive Tract Type?
Esophagus
Rumen
Omasum
Reticulum
Abomasum
Pancreas
Liver
Gall bladder
Cecum
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
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Digestive Tract Type?
Esophagus
Stomach
Duodenum
Small intestineCecum
Large colon
Small colon
Rectum