Download - Animal Systems
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Animal SystemsPage 738: Body Symmetry
&Chapters 27 through 28
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What is an animal?Scientific Definition
Animal: eukaryotes that are multicellular heterotrophs that do not have a cell wall.Characteristic So the are not…Eukaryotic Prokaryotes (Bacteria or Archaea)Multicellular ProtistsHeterotrophic Plants and algaeAbsent Cell Wall Plants, algae, or fungi
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FYI… • 3-30 million species • 97% of all species are invertebrates
Invertebrates
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• The vast majority of animals are Arthropods (1,170,000 to 10 million species)
• Of all invertebrates, the insects (part of the arthropods) are by far the most numerous. About 1-30 million+ species
• For comparison, chordates (including mammals) consist of about 75,000 species
Arthropods
ChordatesArthro + pod Arthropod
“jointed”+ “foot” or “leg”“jointed leg”
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Some terms used to describe animals
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Body Symmetry• Asymmetrical = without symmetry• Radial Symmetry =
symmetry around a central axis• Bilateral Symmetry
–can be divided into symmetrical halves on either side of a plane
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Examples of Asymmetrical
Animals
Porifera (Sponges)
This is a cut out piece for
marketing uniformity
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Radial Symmetry
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Animals with Radial
Symmetry
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Examples of Animals with Bilateral Symmetry
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Body Orientation (used in humans)• The Anatomical Position: The
anatomical position describes a person that is standing erect with the feet facing forwards, arms hanging to the sides, and the palms of the hands facing forward. Directional terms are always from the patient’s perspective. When we refer to the right side we are referring to the patient’s right side
Do not let this intimidate you…
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Body Planes of Animals(including humans)
Term DefinitionSagittal(or Median)
Divides the body into right and left halves
Frontal(or Coronal)
Divides the body into anterior and posterior halves
Transverse(or Horizontal)
Divides the body into superior and inferior halves
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Directional Terms• Right and left – Refers to the
Patient’s right or left side • Proximal – Near, closer to the origin
Distal – Away from, farther from the origin
• Lateral – Toward the side, away from the mid-lineMedial – Toward the mid-line, middle, away from the side
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Directional Terms• Superior – Above, Over
Inferior – Below, Under• Anterior – In front of, front
Posterior – Behind, toward the rear
• Ventral – Toward the bellyDorsal – Toward the back
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Directional Terms Quick CheckTerm Definition
1 Superior2 Inferior3 Anterior4 Posterior5 Lateral6 Medial7 Proximal8 Distal9 Ventral10 Dorsal
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Directional Terms Quick CheckTerm Definition
1 Superior Above, Over2 Inferior Below, Under3 Anterior In front of, front4 Posterior Behind, toward the rear5 Lateral Toward the side, away from the mid-line6 Medial Toward the mid-line, middle, away from the
side7 Proximal Near, closer to the origin8 Distal Away from, farther from the origin9 Ventral Toward the belly10 Dorsal Toward the back
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Other animal examples…
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Vocabulary
1. Anatomical Position2. Anterior3. Asymmetrical4. Bilateral Symmetry5. Distal6. Dorsal7. Frontal (or Coronal)8. Inferior9. Lateral
10.Medial11.Posterior12.Proximal13.Radial Symmetry14.Right and left15.Sagittal (or Median) 16.Superior17.Transverse (or Horizontal)18.Ventral
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Due tomorrow at the beginning of class:
1.Write a story using seven of these words (as they are used in biology) EXCLUDING right and left.
2.No definitions in your story.3.I must be able to tell that you know what the word
means from the story.4.No more than one vocabulary word in a sentence.5.If I can’t read your handwriting, I wont.
In other words TYPE IT or write legibly.6.No legible first name, last name, OR period = LATE