Animals In DisastersAnimals In Disasters
David K. Bishop* David K. Bishop* Reproductive Design Services, Reproductive Design Services, Sampson Community CollegeSampson Community College
Livestock In DisastersLivestock In Disasters
Pets In SocietyPets In Society
$20 – 30 Billion in Pet Products (1997)
Importance of “Pets as Companions”
Mental Health issues– Guilt– Bereavement – ANGER
“Babe”
Animal “Ownership”
50% of households own pets (# dogs ~ children)
Reasons noted: Personal pleasure/companionship Educational experience for children Replacement of persons deceased or void Personal and property protection Rescued from neglect Support of family through care of animals God-given right (Genesis 1:26)
Measures of / Influences “EMS”
AVMA – “ Animal welfare is a human responsibility includes: proper housing, management, nutrition, disease prevention and treatment, responsible care, humane handling, and when necessary, humane euthanasia.” All Plans state:
People > Animals
Annually ~ 300,000 people do not evacuate
Scenarios
Train carrying propane derails…
Hurricane separates owners from horses…
Tornado knocks over a tank of herbicide…
Floods cause drowning of animals on farms…
During heat wave, there is a power failure…
Risk Factors for Evac. Failure
20.9% Households with Pets: 16.3% without Decreased with children (regardless of Pets)
• Increased 50% per additional dog or cat (x-Kids)
90 % evacuees stayed with friends/family 82% stayed with pet 7-18% pets at familiar location: people elsewhere 3-10% board at kennel
Risk Factors for Evac. Failure
Short duration incident: 50.6% failed to evacuate pets 10 % neither evacuated nor rescued Challenges
“not gone long” (70-97%) “did not know where to take pets” (20%)
Longer duration: 22.2% left pets 16.7 % made no attempt to rescue
Statistic: Turnover rate of dogs (14%) and cats (18%)
Foundations for Pet Evacuations
KEYS:Responsible pet ownership
Strong Human (child) : animal bond
Certain related Activities: Regular Vet attention Socializing behaviors Obedience training Pet carriers Cats caught/transported regularly
Measures of / Influences “EMS”
Primary (Traditional) Concerns: Spoiling human food and water Animal bites and human injuries Zoonotic diseases
Emerging values: Medical and Psychological trauma
Pro- will fight for animal concerns Con- anaphylactic shock if inhale cat dander
Unsafe Rescue attempts Evacuation failures / re-entry attempts
Animals are not “Inanimate”
Unit 2 Quiz
1. True, disaster preps begin with personal safety.2. False, individual is 1st layer: education support FEMA3. True, US animals > $90 Billion national income4.True, food, bites, zoonosis are top 35.False, strong evidence exists…animals increase QOL6.False, food sources may be damaged…7.False. People > pets8. True, shelters must protect people who …animals9. B. increases in Pet industry revenues10. C. > 59% consider pets important to family values
Huge Advantage to NIMS Approach
Much of what will happen is predictable…
Many strategies apply to all emergencies
Partnerships improve responsiveness personal investment in planning local interest groups business and private industries governmental authority/responsibility
A Global strategy model for efforts
Personal Scenario
Going to a horse show with the High-point 2-yr old Filly in IBHA
Left early, so had time but was running late due to wife’s schedule of “need to do’s”
Riding down county road, hit a bump and the saddle fell against dash…reached to move saddle causing truck to veer left…hit bridge.
Damaged horse, trailer truck and pride…lost high point and today look at mare …
MITIGATE, PREPARE, RESPONSE, RECOVERY
4 Phases of Emergency Management
Mitigation: Prevent, reduce frequency, minimize damage Take place before and after an emergency
Preparedness: Save lives, respond and rescue Before the emergency
Response: Save lives, prevent further damage Take place during the event
Recovery: Return to “normal” or better status Occur after the emergency
Responsibility “Tree” Slide 1
Ultimate responsibility = Animal Owner1st Level and Most Effective (?)
Local Government - protect citizens and property
EMS system Develop plans Warning Systems
Provide resources Rescue Ops Recovery/Normality
Activate/Deactivate “Chain of Command”
Responsibility “Tree” Slide 2
Community/County Support- economic, personal welfare
C.A.R.T. Volunteers Non-impacted Individuals/Corp.
State Government - Focused on Communities and Structures
State Resources, policy guidance, and Federal support
Federal Government – Source of Education and Management
Guidance Insurance Planning Assessing Ultimate Recovery
Unit 3 Quiz
1. False, Mitigation occurs with recovery2.False, get blame but Individuals are responsible…3.True, during event…save lives/minimize damage4.True, State’s assistance requested –chain of command5.False, most activity at Local level-Fed. are “Uncle”6.False, response activities are during event.7. D., Recovery and mitigation happen after…8. A., rules and regs on building are mitigation efforts.9. A., Local rules dictate local plans (as long as agree).10. Personal, Local, State, Federal
Types of Hazards
Meteorological (weather related) Thunderstorms Floods Tornados Hurricanes Winter storms
Drought Wildfire
Geological (tera related) Landslides Earthquakes Tsunami Volcanoes Dam Issues
Technological (man-made)Hazardous materials (static and released) Nuclear presence
(contained/low level + “accidents”) Terrorism
Zoonotic Diseases Highway accidents
Unique Characteristics/Commonalities
Thunderstorms (100,000 + storms per year)
Lightningkills 2-300 humans, grazing livestock, starts fires (hundreds of million $)
Watch WarningCondition right for: Actual Sighting
Lightning Imminent Danger
Winds > 58 mph
Hail ≤ 75 inch
Heavy rain
National Weather Service
Unit 4 Quiz: Thunderstorms
1. True, lightening is deadly (7-8 K cows on pasture)2. True, lightening causes most wildfires (- ignorance)3. False, warning is conclusive evidence of area 4. True, Fencing around trees reduces lightening strikes5. True, generally less grounding6. False, stay away from single, tallest link to ”ground”7. True, watch for entry and exit burns: no stray voltage8. D. opposites 9. D. insurance = mitigation10. A. carriers provide security + rapid removal
Unique Characteristics/Commonalities
Floods (hurricanes, thunderstorms, fires, dam breaks… concentrated run-off)
> 300,000 people leave homes, > 200 flood related fatalities, $2 Billion damage
Animal risks: hypothermia, drowning, …starvation, salt toxicity, bacterial contaminants, “flocking” issues, exposure to hazards
Flash Flood Watch Flash Flood Warning Flood WarningFlooding Possible in
Designated area Actual reports of, or Imminent Danger in
Specific Area
Advance notice: imminent or “in Progress”
Stay Alert Take Precautions Relocate Animals
Prepare for evacuations Recovery Plans
Agencies: National Weather Service, State, County & Local Authorities
Unit 4 Quiz Floods
1. False, some fungus are steroidogenic…2. True, speed of water encroachment impacts readiness 3. True, bacterial issues prevail in flood water…4. True, security of vaults is challenged by …5. False, decision = high ground or confinement6. True, escapees occur after damage covers fences7. False, cars stalling = # 1 mistake: waiting = # 28. C., possible in area = watch 9. B., prepare before event: replenish before needed10. D., dry and sunlight kill bacteria
Unique Characteristics/Commonalities
Tornadoes
Violently rotating columns of air: Anywhere & Anytime
Watch WarningCondition right for: Actual Sighting or Radar
Tornado development Imminent Danger
Watch Sky Specific Location ,
Stay alert direction ±
Wind, Hail, Heavy rain
National Weather Service Local National Weather Service
Unit 4 Quiz: Tornadoes
1. False, T-storms and Hurricanes spawn tornadoes2. True, less surface area to impact…floods?3. False, move away from mobile homes4. True, compare structure vs debris5. True, shame on you, but least of evils6. True, highly variable but within ranges7. True, all other activity ceases immediately = CYA8. True, “some” better than “none”- safety = time9. D. Networks for warning are mitigation.10. B. Flying objects are during event.
Unique Characteristics/Commonalities
Hurricanes New Maximum Damage Each YearEmerging Technologies for Predictions but, Little Change in Responses
Tropical Depression
Tropical Storm Hurricane
Low pressure system
Winds: < 74 MPH Sustainable winds > 74 MPH: gusts to 200
Counterclockwise rotation
Storm Surge (90% fatalities): retrograde
flooding
Spawns other trauma
National Weather Service
Unique Characteristics/Commonalities
Advisory Watch Warning
Storm location Threat 24-36 hrs Conditions w/n 24 hr
Wind Speed Follow evacuation Plan Sustained winds ≥74 MPH
Direction of Movement Be aware of /Expect Behavioral Variances in
Animals
High tides and Waves including STORM SURGE
Final Mitigation efforts: Preparations Complete:
Recovery Plans activated
Hurricane ____________
Unit 4 Quiz: Hurricanes1. True, almost always some flooding (25 year: 24 hr
storm)2. True, most last 6 mo-1 year …maximum impact3. False, too late at coast…traffic inland4. False, eye is generally calm before the storm5. True, maybe not immediate but recognizable6. False, maximum at beach front: normally?7. D., Coastal regions (Atlantic or Pacific)8. C., conditions not evidence within 24 hr.= watch9. D., expectations = warning10. B., Advisories update critical statistics
Unique Characteristics/Commonalities
Winter Storms
Winter storm watch Severe weather may affect area
W S Warning Conditions are expected
Ice Storm warning Significant ice accumulation
Heavy Snow warning Expect > 12” in next 24 hours
Blizzard Warning Heavy snow + 35 MPH wind
Severe Blizzard Snow + 45 mph Wind + 100F temp
High Wind Warning > 40 mph for + 1 hour
Traveler’s advisory Weather hinders travel-no warnings
National Weather Service
Unit 4 Quiz: Winter Storms (discussion)
1. False, wear multiple, light-weight, protective 2. True, Tough to estimate severity- rapid challenges3. True, “some” watch contaminants, and cold4. False, Suit buildup can cause fires 5. True, Drifts over roads, seasonal access to land6. False, Cold alone challenges heart. Do necessities.7. False, nutrient demands increase in cold, wet, wind8. C., Water falling + freezing on surface = Ice9. B., Expected = watch Immanent= Warning10. D., Blizzard warning = >35 MPH + heavy snow
Drought and Extreme Heat “no substantial” rainfall for period > 10 0 F above average high temperature-several weeks # 1 reason for heat stroke is “left in parked cars”
Alerts published in newspapers, local weather advisories
Unique Characteristics/Commonalities
Wildfires Uncontrolled burning grass, brush, woodlands… Probability forecasts by National Weather
Service, US Forest Service and State Forestry Agencies
Alerts Posted on Signs, broadcast on Radio & TV
Signs of Heat Stress
Excessive Panting: evaporative cooling
Body Temperature 104 F – loss of control
Collapse- blood flow to core reduced (coma)
Increased heart and respiration- rate vs volume
Salivation – clear to foamy (air:water ratio)
Depression/stupor – brain damage if not cooled
Remedies for Heat Stress
Shade- radiant heat Water –nature’s coolant- blood volumeMinimum exercise- base on Adaptation, fitness, and
rest periods (dehydration = water w/o salts)Animals that don’t sweat = do not obstruct panting,
provide cooled floods and air flowAvoid clothing – convective cooling or sweatingCages need > airflow – > 10 times minimum ventingSalt (minerals) as needed – cramps, osmotic psi (Kidneys)
Unit 4 Quiz: Drought and Heat
1. False, not safe, but may be necessary2. True, shade, cool water and breeze = max cooling3. False, Dogs and hogs do not sweat. 4. True, same as 2 above: animals cool by drying5. False, salt is toxic w/o water but necessary nutrient6. True, avoid shock – cool blood in extremedies7. False, you stay in there for a while…# 1 killer8. True, absent imports: droughts cause starvation9. C., extreme body temps. Indicate loss of control10. B., 10 degrees above average temp = extreme
Unit 4 Quiz: Wildfires
1. False, primary cause = humans, lightening…2. True, barns contain combustibles – separate ignition3. True, any port in a storm- watch contaminants4. False, burns often result in trauma & bacterial issues 5. False, evacuate then see if the equipment works6.True, nails, tin and other metals don’t burn7.True, Floods and mudslides often follow fires8. False, homing instincts kick in after fear subsides9. A., lung challenges kill most animals after fires10. B., fire seasons are hot and dry
Geological Hazards (tera firma…)
Landslides and mudflows Down slope movement of rock, soil & debris People encroaching, removing cover,
Unique Characteristics/Commonalities
Dam issues: Control of water release, burrowing animals, plant roots, holding fluids against designed pressure gradients Behind wildfires, floods and hurricanes…
Unit 5 Quiz: Landslides
1. True, 2. True, 3. False, 4. True, 5. True, 6. True, 7. False, 8. True, 9. C., 10.A.,
Earthquakes Wavelike movement of earth’s surface… Seismic activity monitored by US Geological
Survey, NOAA and University labs Actual events not predictable-duration 0-72 hrs
Unique Characteristics/Commonalities
Tsunamis Waves (up to 100 ft) created at coastline-event near or far…repeated 20/30
min. for several hrs. Deaths occur by “scoping out” new coastline
Unit 5 Quiz: Earthquakes
1. False, 2. False, 3. True, 4. False, 5. False, 6. True, 7. False, 8. False, 9. C., 10.C.,
Unit 5 Quiz: Tsunamies
1. True, 2. False, 3. False, 4. False, 5. True, 6. False, 7. True, 8. A., 9. D., 10. B.,
Volcanoes “Weak spots” in the Earth’s crust allow eruption Ash clouds modify weather patterns and cause
respiratory infections…how flat is the world? US Geological Survey tracks activity-informs
Risk of injury related to distance from event and time.
Unique Characteristics/Commonalities
Unit 5 Quiz: Volcanoes
1. True, 2. False, 3. False, 4. True, 5. True, 6. False, 7. True, 8. D., 9. D.,10. B.,
Technological (man-made) Hazards
Hazardous Materials Accidental release
Toxins from vehicle wreck… Intentional release + lack of control
Spray without condition concerns FDA food residue issues
Planned release – no desire to control Bio-terrorism activists et al.
“Right to Know” Documents and MSDS InformationNational Animal Poison Control Center
Unique Characteristics/Commonalities
Unit 6 Quiz: Hazardous Materials
1. False, residues are a concern for meat products2. False, anything > Dial soap = hazard3. True, training essential for HAZMAT4. False, veterinarian and Poison Control…animals5. True, most show no signs of small doses 6. True, residues travel in blood- liver, lungs, meat7. False, most often, no response = contaminated 8. C., closer to the floor – locked 9. A., Local public health safeguards …spills/food10. B., Accidents: DOT, radiation: DOE
Unique Characteristics/Commonalities
Radiation hazards Not “Cold War” issue (sows in Poland) but, Fixed nuclear facilities (good warning systems) Transportation through rails or roads (no notice) “Dirty Bombs”…all types including sunspots
Alpha Large, shallow penetration-easy block
Beta Smaller – penetrate 2 cm (1 inch)
Gamma Not formed-no mass- right through body
Understand control of emissions : Decay in half-life
Technological (man-made) Hazards Avoidance = best Rapid change from no problem to emergency Short notice time but information is available People need to care for animals
Before – prepare…be aware During – move if possible (distance); contain if not (barrier) After
approach with caution! Remove Surface damage consider hidden damage
US Department of Agriculture, State Department of AG and VeterinarianRate shelters, monitor food safety and tissue or food contamination
Unique Characteristics/Commonalities
Unit 6 Quiz: Radiation
1. True, decay rate ½ per time: isotope relief 2. True, distance greatest than barrier (like biting dog)3. False, together due to food quality issues4. True, α and β are shallow or surface damaging5. True, always. Think about site before leaving6. True, spills cause immediate restrictions to travel7. False, γ (gama) particles penetrate rapidly 8. D., Delta not yet found anyway9. C., function issues not yet emergency = site EM10. D., imminent contamination = general emergency
Review: Unique Characteristics/Commonalities
Strong Winds Communication, utility, structural failures
High Water Structure damage, bacteria, electrocution
Fires Public health, safety, animal welfare
Air pollution Respiratory issues, asthma
Earth Shifts Chemical spills, transportation, recovery
Spills/Waste Contact, run-off, Decon. Process Food
Drought Dehydration, animal welfare, heat
Animal health Zoonosis, euthanasia, carcass disposal
Probability of each type of emergency
Chances of advance notification in time
Duration of emergency
Frequency of 2nd or 3rd event
Costs of “readiness” versus “responsiveness”
Noah’s Ark concepts…
Focus on Commonalities with strategies: manage deviations…
Incident Management Concerns
Foundations for Pet Evacuations
KEYS:Responsible pet ownership
Strong Human (child) : animal bond
Certain related Activities: Regular Vet attention Socializing behaviors Obedience training Pet carriers Cats caught/transported regularly
Disaster types vary!
Animal responses are predictable at various phases:– Recognition of impending urgency– Confusion/Disorientation– Anxiety– Cortisol activation “Flight of Fight”– Homing response
Pet Owners have ultimate responsibility.
Bullets for Care of Pets
Recognition of Pain in Animals
Guarding
Listlessness
Self-mutilation
Vocalizations
Excessive Sweating/salivation
Cribbing
Lethargy
Loss of “normal” behavior
Stops chewing cud
Lack of grooming
Dehydration
Tucked-up
Abnormal resting posture
Limping, a-mobile
Comments on Aggression of Animals
Adult animals normally guard their homesDogs are likely to attack if they or their master are threatened. Dogs allowed to show aggressive behavior to other animals are more likely to attack a care provider.Man and dogs interact on 3 levels:
DependenceSocial dominanceLeader-follower relationship
Socializing decreases issues for care providers and may result in critical human safety accomplishments.
Unit 7 Quiz: Pet Care
1. False, owners have ultimate responsibility2. True, permanent identification improves return rate3. True, recognizable photo’s allow > observation 4. True, Humans > animals5. False, turning your pet loose most often decreases …6. False, Olfactory cues work off of recognition/ expose7. False, predictable not preventable8. False, keep kit away from fires: easy to get: rodent free9. D., Rabies is typically yearly in presence 10. D., Most recommend keeping pets with you
Bullets for Care of Large Animals
Mitigation activities:Repairs and Maintenance Construction Materials
Glass, tin, sharp objects Chemicals/Hazards
Drainage: fresh vs foul Evacuation/Return events
Dependable power supply
Preparations:
Communication Transportation Vet/Med
Identification Vaccinations Health Doc.
Bullets for Care of Large Animals
Always: Humans > Food Supply > Animal Life
Response:Know alert signals Weigh risks/ Err to safetyConsider Food Safety Remove Pain SourceDevelop Neighbors Expand outside Contacts
Protect Food/Water and their relationship Compare short-time inconveniences with Biosecurity risks
Recovery:Homing response Facility Safety Dust/Debris“Homeostasis” Improve Com. Skills Avoid Sights
Predominate Vet/Med Needs
Acute challenges:High winds Traumatic injuriesDroughts/Winter Starvation or DehydrationFires burns and lung damage Congregations Social damage, disease, trauma
Chronic impacts:Vaccinations Identification Bacterial/FungalBioSecurity Unskilled worker impacts Manure
Nutrient Requirements for “Survival”Dairy Cow Producing 7-9 gal. 20 lb grass hay
Dry 7-9 gal. 20 lb/d
Heifer 3-6 gal. 8-12 lb
Cow/calf 8-9 gal. 12-18 legume
400# calf 4-6 gal. 8-12 lb legume
Swine Sow/Litter 4 gal. 8 lb grain
Preg. Sow 3 gal. 2 lb grain
Gilt/Boar 1 gal. 3 lb grain
Sheep Ewe/Lamb 1 gal. 5 lb grass hay
Ewe dry 3 qt. 3 lb
Weanling 2 qt. 3 lb
Nutrient Requirements for “Survival”
Poultry Layers 5 gal. 17 grain
(Per 100 birds) Broilers 5 gal. 10 lb/d
Turkeys 12 gal. 40 lb
Horses All 5-12 gal. 20 lb hay
Dog / Cat All 1 qt. Dry food(ad libitum)
Purify water by boiling (10 min rolling), chemical tablets (1/qt) or bleaching (8-16 drops/gal for 15 minutes)
Begin at “Home”
“Homeostasis”= Animal’s perspective of normal physiologic needs to “be comfortable. Comfort is a trained response.
Plan for events (daily or emergency) that disrupt the Ability of the animal to “Control” his world.
Weather (extremes, water, adaptation, avoidance…) Pain (remove, repair, monitor, long- vs short-term…) Weigh (KEEP ALIVE vs EUTHANITIZATION) For support – MUST PLACE HUMANS > ANIMALS
Other Important Definitions NRC,1992
Distress – Aversive state…unable to adapt to stress.Stressors:
Physiologic – pain, starvation, dehydration (acute/chronic)Psychological – fear, anxiety, boredom, loneliness,
separationEnvironmental – restraint, noise, odors, habitat, people,
chemicals, other animals
Case Law – www.nabr.org/AnimalLaw/EmotionalDistress/index Intentional – Negligent – “Good Samaritan” practices
Checklists
Large Animals: Water Feed/forage Identification Vaccinations Buckets with Bleach Ropes / Halters Antiseptic/antibiotic Fencing supplies
Small Animals: Water Identification Specialty food Rabies tag Medications Exposure to area Carrier/ Leash Comfort items
Don't Abandon Pets in Disasters
Dear Representative, Federal disaster grants to state and local governments should include plans to protect pets
in their evacuation plans. Please support The Pets Evacuation and Transportation Standards Act (PETS Act, H.R. 3858), sponsored by Reps. Tom Lantos, Christopher
Shays, Barney Frank, Don Young and James Oberstar. This new bill would require that the state and local disaster preparedness plans required for Federal Emergency
Management Agency funding include provisions that will protect household pets and service animals.
In addition, please send immediate aide to save the animals stranded by Hurricane Katrina. Already, animal protection groups are working overtime to save the animals they
can, but they need more help. Please help families who lost nearly everything in the hurricane be reunited with their beloved animals.
Sincerely, Your name
117,887 have signed this petition "Debra Hights (L) and Larry Ferrill react after they were forced to leave a rescue shelter in the Biloxi Community Center in Biloxi, Mississippi September 4, 2005. Hights said they were forced to leave because the shelter was being converted to a distribution center. Sheriff's officers offered to take them to another shelter, but told them they would have to let their Yorkshire Terriers go because no pets are allowed. Hights said they were in the shelter since Hurricane Katrina ravaged the area, because they accepted animals."----goes with shelter pic
Unit 8 Quiz: Large animals
1. False, barn fires occur when dry conditions present2. True, expanded Buddy system imperative 3. True, pictures are + for deceased or live animals4. False, manure sites can be source of pollutants…5. False, permanent tattoos and implants are available6. True, farmers are qualified within use directions7. False, out of site: out of mind…help when call-in8. B., 1% chance for each event, independently9. D., etching hoofs is temporary, paint branding…10. C., High wind is often cause or traumatic injuries
Unit 2 Quiz
1. True, disaster preps begin with personal safety.2. False, individual is 1st layer: education support FEMA3. True, US animals > $90 Billion national income4.True, food, bites, zoonosis are top 35.False, strong evidence exists…animals increase QOL6.False, food sources may be damaged…7.False. People > pets8. True, shelters must protect people who …animals9. B. increases in Pet industry revenues10. C. > 59% consider pets important to family values
Personal Impact (Owners & Aid Workers, and PUBLIC)
Basis = Work together to keep “THEM” from Stabbing You in
the BACK
The Animal Care Community
Private Owners- Pets or livestock (birds to cows)
Public Owners- Taxpayers pay for management strays etc.
Businesses- Vets, Feed stores…Millions $ of support jobs
Humane Organizations- County “Friends”, SPCA…PETA
Educational Institutions- Vet School- grade schools
Governmental Agencies- USDA, CES, DHS…Anim. Care
Professional Associations- ASAS, AVMA…tax issues
Other Associations- Clubs, 4-H, Scouts, Search/Rescue
Media Communications
As you evaluate each Emergency:
Protect the Self-sustaining, individual (backbone to Animal Care is The Animal Owner)
Consider aid for people who care + those with differing priorities
Evaluate the impact of public involvement Help or Hindrance Phycho and Physio LOGIC
Prepare and Control Communications – educate and inform without sensationalizing
Risk Assessment B-4-23
Identify possible hazards – (your Jurisdiction) List Provided + Local additions Common Knowledge + Extended resources Consider personal property
Vulnerability analysis – Threat of disaster, or routine emergency “Could you sell this to general public?” Funding?
Threat Ranking – Likelihood Vulnerability
BIGGEST BANG for your $$$$$$$$$$
Response Plans (personal / Global) Must Address Issues
Agencies DPS, DWQ, CDC, all known acronyms
Planning Assumptions
List Assets: Create If:then statements: rationality and integrity of remaining document
Alternative Strategies
Risk:reward analysis: Cost:payment survey: Impact assessment
Implementation Concerns/Issues
Protocols, people responsible, Roadblocks, Exercise strategies
Attachments Rules that change, event or people changes, Communications …
Most Disasters are “Handled” at the Local Level
Informed owner (care-provider) – Observes a difference in behavior Is informed by media or warnings Arrives on the Scene
Assesses his ability to assist (1st do no Harm!: do something!) Mitigation (planning, insurance, stockpiling, funds and
availability) Makes a decision to risk his status for the animal’s
Commits (knowledge, labor, equipment…)Evaluates (cost/benefit analysis)Cognitive decisions for next “Event”
Most Disasters are “Handled” at the Local Level
Local Planning and Collaboration – Observes/Predict behavior of Individuals (groups) Evaluates responses relative to Laws (Interests) Adds to Communications by media, warnings, addresses… Arrives on the Scene to Assist – based on Priority System
Risks to others Boundaries Damage control Availability of resources Assistance from other entities
Advanced planning = Greater Assistance
Involvement of the “Next Level”
Mutual Aid Agreements (cooperative support) – Access across boundaries Provision of resources and services Public safety actions Declarations of “Emergency” Who is “In Charge” Who is liable (death and injury while rendering
aid) When is enough, or Who call’s UNCLE?
Advanced planning = Greater Assistance
State’s Involvement
Local Government Calls to Governor – Access bigger picture – Oak Tree Scenario Arranges Aid and support – Guard and Reserve Contains materials on State Roads etc.
Diverts traffic flows Focus on Greatest Impact may Change
Creates or Responds to Economic Challenges/Industries Assumes General control but may not be “In Charge” Retains the right to call UNCLE?
Advanced planning = Greater Assistance
Federal Involvement
Governor requests from President (declares National Emergency) – Assists the Local Incident Commander Access bigger picture – Oak Tree Scenario Arranges Aid and support
FEMA- planning, education, resources and relief EPA – protect environmental impact, National Response Team DOT – regulates “hazardous material” transport, all roadways DOE – all energy concerns (radioactive wastes) DOL – Wage earner’s welfare OSHA – Safe working practices CDC – Disease impact/control
IS the UNCLE?Advanced planning = Greater Assistance
Abilities and Attributes (Assumptions)
Incident Command Strategy: ICS – Standardizes terminology Removes person (size) constraints – Demand Based Integrates Communication through responsibility “tree” Clouds responsibility in a “Hierarchy” Functional “Span of Control” Establishes Facility for incident command Allows clear definition of Resources
English paper format
Termination of activities
Emergency Operations Center (EOC)
Size and severity to engage- Minor – establishes best available “Do-ers”
Police, Highway Department, Rural Utilities numbers EOC not activated (unless move to next level)
Limited Emergencies Partial mobilization – “Do-ers working need Refreshments”
1st Limited Emergency (Watch –Warning) 2nd Limited Emergency (Conditions Exceed Normal Response Do-ers)
Potential Disaster 1st round of Support – Relief Strategies or Shelters Identified
Full Emergency – ALL HANDS ROWING
Unit 3 Quiz: Planning
1. False, local resoures are most qualified to …2. True, vets diagnose…3. True, every bit of experience is needed for plans4. False, rapid (timely) = local: FED = big and slow5. True, plans should provide a systemic response6. False, owners are most qualified for animal’s needs7. True, Canned document: personal appendices8. True, resources include vets, organizations, clubs…9. A., best way to test a plan is through exercises10. D., combined exercise + drill = Full-Scale Exercise
Decisions to Evacuate
Influences – Nature of incident Expected length of displacement Magnitude of the threat Time of year- Availability of Communications
Cautions – All captures are potentially dangerous List of “Biters”, “Kickers”, “Scratchers”, “Buttheads”, … Familiarity can be + and – Provide for rapid Identification of “Expertise” First Aid for “Caregivers”
Decisions to Evacuate: Generalities
Dogs Easiest to evacuate- “if socialized”
Cats Older cats = net, don’t travel well
Fish & Exotics Special conditions – water, elect.
Numbers: Poultry,
swine, cows
Concentrated effort- network
“Biosecurity, Labor, Logistics, economics, waste mgmt., slaughter permits, feed/water…”
Horses Owners w/o trailers, “hosts, vanity vaccines, Socialization,…”
Public Health Issues / Animals
Contaminated food supply
Residue hazards in products/crops
Run-off, spills to/from animals
Recognition of “contamination”
Zoonosis Animals-people (pets-children) Low level tolerances- bacteria
Incubation hosts/carriers
Dog Bites Surprise, cornering, handling, intervening, In-experience
FREEZE, “SIT”, OBJECT, HEAD
Inform, Isolate, Contain…
Mental Health/Safety
Re-entry/Evac., Separation anxiety, Grief, Bereavement, Anger, Guilt, Psychosomatic symptoms, Irrationality
Unit 4 Quiz: Risks
1. True, annex is a step toward community plan2. True, Access to farm is mitigation to flooding3. False, < half-life max. stay in food/tissues4. True, health scientists are a likely response…5. True, chemical companies have supplies …6. False, Native wildlife to the area include…7. True, ICC monitors and contains spills8. B., adding smells to gases increases recognition9. C., community characteristics include population10. A., vulnerability analysis … size of farms…
Shelter Policies
State Public Health Regulations
Prohibit Animals in public facilities… : Shelters must adhere
Am. Red Cross Only “seeing and hearing” dogs…
Ownership Occupants ≠ owners
Well-being of “residents”
Injuries, anxiety, lack of privacy from pets (bites, allergies, phobias and/or noise)
Liability Personal injury (pet or others), property damage from animals biting, scratching, chewing while fighting or playing or from urinating in “inappropriate” places
Decisions Not to Evacuate
Safety Humans Human Evacuation Failures
Re-entry to “Rescue” attempts
Human casualty count
Traumatic concerns
Identification Stray animal policies
Lost = not ID’d, missing or dead or Stolen and sold
Stranger approach for rescue
Disposal Issues Personalities vs Perceptions
Environmental Concerns
Live animals Uncontained Waste, flies and rodents, Disease spread, crop damage, sensitive areas, potential for unfound carcasses
Dead Animals Disposal: < 24 hours
Methods:Rendering-high temp cooking
Burning- incinerators
Burial – 3 ft deep/12” above water ?
Composting – 1:2 (Protein:carbon)
Fermentation – bacterial digestion
Pause for the PAWS
Personal Plan1. Risk Assessment2. Which of these can I respond to?3. What are the limits to my response?4. If I do _________: What will happen?5. Do I have a common meeting place?6. Who knows how I am right now?7. When cell service goes down,…?8. Where is my home away from home?9. What limitations does that home present? 10. How can I help the people who will be
coming after me/mine if needed?
Pause for the PAWS
Responsible Community ServiceRisk Assessment1. Who/what is worth my energies?2. If it impacts me: what efforts are
mutually beneficial?3. If I do _________: What will happen?4. If it doesn’t impact me (?): when will it be
my turn?5. Who needs me to watch for them?6. What facilities/strengths can I offer?7. What are the must-haves for me to get
involved?8. How can I communicate needs for others?
Pause for the PAWS
SART or CART1. Do I have one available to review?2. Who is the contact person (mine?)?3. If I do _________: What will happen?4. In Need: whom do I call?5. When available: whom do I call?6. What are commonalities between my
personal, business, job, school’s …and the CART plan?
7. How can I help the people who will be coming after me/mine if needed?
8. Do I need to be involved?
Duplin County Animal Response
Acknowledgements - multi-jurisdictional task force
Names of Participants – Extension Agents, EMS Mgmt, Soil and Water, County Health, Solid Waste Disposal, NC Forest Service, NCDA Vets, County Mgr., USDA Farm Service, Animal Control, Ag. Pro. Companies and private parties.
1.1 Purpose Statement- To protect wild and domesticated animal resources, the public health, the public food supply, the environment and ensure the humane care and treatment of animals in the case of a large-scale emergency…
1.2 Scope- Intent and Who shall activate
Duplin County Animal Response2.0 Affected Agencies – tasks
2.1 Primary2.2 Support2.3 Additional resources2.4 Sub-committees
A. EquineB. Domestic Pets – Appendix B-Primary ContactsC. Livestock/PoultryD. Mortality disposalE. Communications/PRF. WildlifeG. Incident commanders
Duplin County Animal Response
3.0 Planning Assumptions –A. Owners (notified) will take reasonable steps to provide for animals under their care and/or control.
B. Disasters affect well-being …animals.C. County plans both emergency local response and recovery…outside help is likely for large events.D. Animal Plans…care, id, house, shelter & inform E. Public Information issued –media …locationsF. Large-scale = state, local…specialized mutual aidG. Effective planning/org. will improve efforts.
Duplin County Animal Response
4.0 Concepts of Operations4.1 General
A. Management – County Emergency Mgmt.B. Requests for assistance – County EMS – State EOC C. Animal Protection – Duplin ICS: Public health – County DPH PlansD. Animals include
1. Livestock –owner’s responsibility2. Dom. and Non-Dom. – CART- feed, care Return or disposed in accordance to animal control plan3. Wild- own instincts + Wildlife Mgmt.- habitat
Duplin County Animal Response
4.2 Notification: EMS – Primary, support, mutual aid tree as needed
4.3 Communication- telephone, fax, cell, FM Radio special satellite phone at ICS – broadcasts out over tv & radio
4.4 Public Relations- County Manager + Ex. Director = spokesmen
1. Promote awareness 2. Recruit volunteers
4.5 Public Information – Appointed official
1. Notify of shelters 2. Preparation of pets for em.
Duplin County Animal Response
4.6 Response * (some not available)
A. Equine
1. Search and Rescue 2. Evacuated 3. Stray/lost 4. Recovery
B. Domestic Pets
C. Livestock
D. Wildlife
E. Additional aid – ICS request to CART to SART
F. Shelter destroyed – alternative boarding
G. Shelter Management: private vs Volunteer people and supply
H. Medical Assistance
I. Bites/disease control – Duplin County Health Dept.
Duplin County Animal Response
4.7 Recovery
A. Carcass disposal – County Mortality Com.
1. Farm Plan- each producer/Company
a. Evacuation route/equip.
b. On-site burialc. Contact person (damage/assistance: EMS)
d. State if not available for burial
2. County Plan…
Duplin County Animal Response
4.7 Recovery A. Carcass disposal – County Mortality Com.
2. County Plana. Large farms b. Contact tree (EMS call-out)c. commercial crews (clean-out)d. equipment- dead removale. Co-op counties
3. Priority handling (disease prevalence)a. render b. burial c. compost d. incinerate
Duplin County Animal Response
5.0 Review and update procedures
6.0 Approval
6.1 Primary agencies
County Emergency Management
County Cooperative ExtensionCounty Soil and Water Conservation
County Health Dept./Animal control
Duplin CART Appendix A.
Domestic Pets - If you leave-take your pet…- Many emergency shelters can not take pets– your
problem (including contact information)- Identify all pets- name, address, phone #, permanent +
evac. site- Current Photos - Pet carrier, harness or lease (do not allow escape)- Food, water, meds, records, cat box, can opener, food
dish, first aid kit are must haves- Keep medical records, and vaccines current- Find foster home-provide accessories and payment
Duplin CART Appendix A.
Livestock - Evacuate if possible- Site should have: food, water, vet care, handling equipment- If not leaving, decide on available shelter of freedom- ALL animals should be identified.
Wildlife - Seek higher ground –may be stuck on islands- If suitable-leave food out- Animals have “Flight Response”- will flee if approached: back away if harmful- Water may drive animals higher and leave them there as subsides (snakes>>>)- Never Capture w/o training, clothing, equipment and caging- Beware of animals eating in/around carcasses- Mosquitoes, carcasses present disease problems
Further Assistance: CALL --------------- or -------------
Additional References:
Animal Care and Use Committee- NRC
www.theMerckVeterinaryManual
PQA & TQA programs of National Pork Board
EMS and AWMS docs.
www.ca.uky.edu www.kindplanet.org
www.animaldisasters.com
Bladen County Animal Response Team
Duplin County Animal Response Team
Members of Sampson County Team …