Download - Animals including Humans Year 3 Lesson 5 LI: To understand the function of muscles and joints
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Animals including Humans
Year 3Lesson 5
LI: To understand the function of muscles and joints
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What muscles do you know in the human body?
Why do we need muscles?
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How do muscles work?• Muscle contraction as an active process and
relaxation as being passive and that muscles work in pairs.
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Tendons, Ligaments and Cartilage• Tendons - connective tissue which attaches muscle to bone. When a
muscle contracts to move a joint, it is the tendon which pulls on the bone. • Ligaments - strong bands which connect bone to bone at the joint. • Cartilage - soft cushioning substance which covers the ends of the bones.
It reduces the rubbing of bone on bone.
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Different types of joints
Where the bones meet, we have joints. 1. Hinge joints - found at the elbow and at the
knee and allow movement in one direction.2. Ball and socket joints - found at the shoulder
and at the hip and allow movement in three directions.
3. Gliding - found at the wrist between the hand and arm.
4. Saddle - a flexible joint found in the thumb.
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Creating an arm
1. Cut 2 pieces of card to represent the bone.2. To create the elbow joint, join the bone using a split pin (be
careful when doing this!)3. Cut 2 pieces of string which are 10cm long. These will be the
muscles.4. Pull the bones into alignment.5. Attach the right hand piece of string above and below the
split-pin joint.6. The left hand muscle needs to be relaxed when in this
position so needs to be attached lower than the right hand muscle.
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ModelArm Straight Arm Bent
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Set of instructions
• Write a list of instructions about what happens when you decide to bend your arm.
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Plenary
• What would happen if we did not use our muscles?