Announcements
• Note: We are one day behind on syllabus
• Contracts? What is “Ch. 7 (102-114)”?
• Group work: (carefully build team contract)
“Marriage is hard work” meet/eat/speak + “More brains” teach/don’t compete
(don’t be a tourist, this is a residential college)
• Who already started writing their paper?
• Tips on DRAFT1: find sections (p.99), focus,
consult “I to A”, science=prediction, turnitin.com
Pre-test: Experimental Design
(so last time we were here…)
Do you have a course right after (or before) this class on Thursdays?
A. (10min after) I have a class that starts at 4:10pm Thursdays (that is not held in Holmes Hall)
B. (10min prior) I have a class that ends at 2:30pm on Thursdays (that is not held in Holmes Hall)
C. (20min prior) I have a class that ends at 2:20pm on Thursdays (that is not held in Holmes Hall).
D. (BOTH) I have both “A” and “B”
E. I have none of the above.
What “Thursday” solution do you favor?
A. Intermission option: We stop 10 min. before the end and let folks quickly leave & then resume class.
B. 5-minute shift: Start 5 min. early + end 5 min. early
C. 10-minute shift: Start 10 m. early + end 10 m. early
D. No leaving early: Suck it up, this is 2:40-4pm dude.
E. I have another idea and want to discuss it.
Which “Thursday” solution do you favor?
A. Intermission option: We stop 10 min. before the end and let folks quickly leave & then resume class.
B. 5-minute shift: Start 5 min. early + end 5 min. early
C. 10-minute shift: Start 10 m. early + end 10 m. early
D. I can do any of those, none are impossible for me.
Which solution is impossible for you?
A. Intermission option: We stop 10 min. before the end and let folks quickly leave & then resume class.
B. 5-minute shift: Start 5 min. early + end 5 min. early
C. 10-minute shift: Start 10 m. early + end 10 m. early
D. I can do any of those, none are impossible for me.
Back to Biology
• So let’s try to remember what the reading was about….
Hemoglobin The Body’s Oxygen Shuttle (and more)
280M
Wild-type hemoglobin DNA
mRNA
Mutant hemoglobin DNA
mRNA
33
3
3
3
3
55
5
55
5
C CT C CTG GA G GA
A G GGG U
Normal hemoglobin Sickle-cell hemoglobin
Glu Val
Primarystructure
Secondaryand tertiarystructures
Quaternarystructure
Normalhemoglobin(top view)
Primarystructure
Secondaryand tertiarystructures
Quaternarystructure
Function Function
subunit
Molecules donot associatewith oneanother; eachcarries oxygen.
Red bloodcell shape
Normal red bloodcells are full ofindividualhemoglobinmoledules, eachcarrying oxygen.
10 µm
Normal hemoglobin
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Val His Leu Thr Pro Glu Glu
Red bloodcell shape
subunit
Exposedhydrophobicregion
Sickle-cellhemoglobin
Moleculesinteract withone another andcrystallize intoa fiber; capacityto carry oxygenis greatly reduced.
Fibers of abnormalhemoglobin deformred blood cell intosickle shape.
10 µm
Sickle-cell hemoglobin
GluProThrLeuHisVal Val
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0–2.5%
Distribution ofmalaria caused byPlasmodium falciparum(a parasitic unicellular eukaryote)
Frequencies of thesickle-cell allele
2.5–5.0%
7.5–10.0%
5.0–7.5%
>12.5%
10.0–12.5%
0–2.5%
Distribution ofmalaria caused byPlasmodium falciparum(a parasitic unicellular eukaryote)
Frequencies of thesickle-cell allele
2.5–5.0%
7.5–10.0%
5.0–7.5%
>12.5%
10.0–12.5%
Benefits of sickle cell?
Normalallele
Sickle-cellallele
Largefragment
(b) Electrophoresis of restriction fragments from normal and sickle-cell alleles
201 bp175 bp
376 bp
(a) DdeI restriction sites in normal and sickle-cell alleles of -globin gene
Normal -globin allele
Sickle-cell mutant -globin allele
DdeI
Large fragment
Large fragment
376 bp
201 bp175 bp
DdeIDdeI
DdeI DdeI DdeI DdeI
In the Reading for today, what were the researchers doing to treat sickle cell?
What’s the story, the hypothesis and was it supported?
What is the HYPOTHESIS?
What is a molecular HYPOTHESIS? (p94)
What is the HYPOTHESIS?
What’s the story, the hypothesis and was it supported?
What is the HYPOTHESIS?
What’s the story, the hypothesis and was it supported?
What is the HYPOTHESIS?
What’s the story, the hypothesis and was it supported?
What is the HYPOTHESIS?
What’s the story, the hypothesis and was it supported?
What is the HYPOTHESIS?
Prepare Paper “Structure” “Function” Pre-test