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Announcements
• Note: We are one day behind on syllabus
• Contracts? What is “Ch. 7 (102-114)”?
• Group work: (carefully build team contract)
“Marriage is hard work” meet/eat/speak + “More brains” teach/don’t compete
(don’t be a tourist, this is a residential college)
• Who already started writing their paper?
• Tips on DRAFT1: find sections (p.99), focus,
consult “I to A”, science=prediction, turnitin.com
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Pre-test: Experimental Design
(so last time we were here…)
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Do you have a course right after (or before) this class on Thursdays?
A. (10min after) I have a class that starts at 4:10pm Thursdays (that is not held in Holmes Hall)
B. (10min prior) I have a class that ends at 2:30pm on Thursdays (that is not held in Holmes Hall)
C. (20min prior) I have a class that ends at 2:20pm on Thursdays (that is not held in Holmes Hall).
D. (BOTH) I have both “A” and “B”
E. I have none of the above.
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What “Thursday” solution do you favor?
A. Intermission option: We stop 10 min. before the end and let folks quickly leave & then resume class.
B. 5-minute shift: Start 5 min. early + end 5 min. early
C. 10-minute shift: Start 10 m. early + end 10 m. early
D. No leaving early: Suck it up, this is 2:40-4pm dude.
E. I have another idea and want to discuss it.
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Which “Thursday” solution do you favor?
A. Intermission option: We stop 10 min. before the end and let folks quickly leave & then resume class.
B. 5-minute shift: Start 5 min. early + end 5 min. early
C. 10-minute shift: Start 10 m. early + end 10 m. early
D. I can do any of those, none are impossible for me.
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Which solution is impossible for you?
A. Intermission option: We stop 10 min. before the end and let folks quickly leave & then resume class.
B. 5-minute shift: Start 5 min. early + end 5 min. early
C. 10-minute shift: Start 10 m. early + end 10 m. early
D. I can do any of those, none are impossible for me.
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Back to Biology
• So let’s try to remember what the reading was about….
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Hemoglobin The Body’s Oxygen Shuttle (and more)
280M
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Wild-type hemoglobin DNA
mRNA
Mutant hemoglobin DNA
mRNA
33
3
3
3
3
55
5
55
5
C CT C CTG GA G GA
A G GGG U
Normal hemoglobin Sickle-cell hemoglobin
Glu Val
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Primarystructure
Secondaryand tertiarystructures
Quaternarystructure
Normalhemoglobin(top view)
Primarystructure
Secondaryand tertiarystructures
Quaternarystructure
Function Function
subunit
Molecules donot associatewith oneanother; eachcarries oxygen.
Red bloodcell shape
Normal red bloodcells are full ofindividualhemoglobinmoledules, eachcarrying oxygen.
10 µm
Normal hemoglobin
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Val His Leu Thr Pro Glu Glu
Red bloodcell shape
subunit
Exposedhydrophobicregion
Sickle-cellhemoglobin
Moleculesinteract withone another andcrystallize intoa fiber; capacityto carry oxygenis greatly reduced.
Fibers of abnormalhemoglobin deformred blood cell intosickle shape.
10 µm
Sickle-cell hemoglobin
GluProThrLeuHisVal Val
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
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0–2.5%
Distribution ofmalaria caused byPlasmodium falciparum(a parasitic unicellular eukaryote)
Frequencies of thesickle-cell allele
2.5–5.0%
7.5–10.0%
5.0–7.5%
>12.5%
10.0–12.5%
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0–2.5%
Distribution ofmalaria caused byPlasmodium falciparum(a parasitic unicellular eukaryote)
Frequencies of thesickle-cell allele
2.5–5.0%
7.5–10.0%
5.0–7.5%
>12.5%
10.0–12.5%
Benefits of sickle cell?
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Normalallele
Sickle-cellallele
Largefragment
(b) Electrophoresis of restriction fragments from normal and sickle-cell alleles
201 bp175 bp
376 bp
(a) DdeI restriction sites in normal and sickle-cell alleles of -globin gene
Normal -globin allele
Sickle-cell mutant -globin allele
DdeI
Large fragment
Large fragment
376 bp
201 bp175 bp
DdeIDdeI
DdeI DdeI DdeI DdeI
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In the Reading for today, what were the researchers doing to treat sickle cell?
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What’s the story, the hypothesis and was it supported?
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What is the HYPOTHESIS?
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What is a molecular HYPOTHESIS? (p94)
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What is the HYPOTHESIS?
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What’s the story, the hypothesis and was it supported?
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What is the HYPOTHESIS?
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What’s the story, the hypothesis and was it supported?
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What is the HYPOTHESIS?
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What’s the story, the hypothesis and was it supported?
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What is the HYPOTHESIS?
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What’s the story, the hypothesis and was it supported?
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What is the HYPOTHESIS?
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Prepare Paper “Structure” “Function” Pre-test