Download - Announcing the "Developers' Green Infrastructure Guide": Atlantic Builders Convention 201 Seminar
Announcing theDevelopers’
Green Infrastructure Guide
Atlantic Builders ConventionApril 5, 2017
DevelopersGuide.njfuture.org
Panelists• George Vallone, Hoboken Brownstone
Company (moderator)• Elizabeth Fassman Beck, Ph.D, Stevens
Institute of Technology• Jeromie Lange, P.E., Maser Consulting• Paul Mankiewicz, Ph.D, Gaia Institute• Rodman Ritchie, P.E., AKRF
What is Stormwater Green Infrastructure?
Elizabeth Fassman-Beck, Ph.D.Associate Professor
Stevens Institute of [email protected]
Natural Water Cycle Urban Water Cycle
Source: United States Environmental Protection Agency (2005)
Figures are indicative only, and should not be taken as “fact”.
>50%
Stormwater Management Objectives
Slow it down detain runoff to reduce maximum (peak) flow rate
Reduce the total quantity retain runoff on site to reduce total volume
Clean it treat runoff to reduce pollutant discharges and protect water quality
Federal & State Regulatory Compliance Clean Water Act, Wet Weather Quality Act, Energy Independence &
Securities Act, etc.
infiltrate, evapotranspire, reuse
Conventional Stormwater Best Management Practices
(BMPs)
Barnegat Bay
Storm Drain Inlet
Storm Sewer
Slide adapted from Wright Water Engineers, Inc. Denver, Colorado
Detention or Retention
Basin
“end of pipe” treatment
Lake
Stormwater Green Infrastructure (GI)(aka Low Impact Development)
Public Education Signs
Permeable Pavement
Bioretention Planter
Bioswale
Grassed Swale
Slow-flow Interceptor Swale
Riparian Buffer
Permeable Zone
Non-structural practice – Limitations on Use of Fertilizer and Pesticide
Irrigation with Stormwater
Buffer Zone
Forebay
Pocket Wetland
Impervious Area Disconnection
Disconnected Downspout
Roadside Swale
Median Bioswale
Permeable Pavement
Rain Garden(bioretention)
Barnegat Bay
Slide adapted from Wright Water Engineers, Inc. Denver, Colorado
Green Roof
Median Bioretention
Non-Structural Practices
Reduce Impervious Area
Thanks to B. Hunt (NCSU) & N. Weinstein (LID Center)
Green Infrastructure Technologies Bioswales Bioretention (Rain Gardens)
Green (Living) RoofsPermeable Pavement
Bronx, NYC
Seattle
Auckland Auckland
Green Infrastructure TechnologiesBioswales Bioretention (Rain Gardens,
Planters)
Permeable Pavement Green (Living) Roofs
Ponding ZoneMulch
Engineered Fill Media
Sand Transition LayerUnderdrain LayerSubsurface
Vegetation
Engineered Substrate
Drainage Layer
WaterproofingRoof Deck
Permeable Surface
Bedding
Reservoir
Subsurface
Excellent flow & volume control
Good water quality
Safety enhancer: visibility, hydroplaning, freeze-thaw
All infrastructure needs maintenance
Permeable PavementMyths Truths
Swales & Bioswales Flow rate &
some volume mitigation
Some water quality benefit
Reduce or eliminate buried pipes
Aesthetic enhancement
Hoboken Seattle
swale
bioswale
NYC US Postal Service
Green (Living) Roofs
Belford Ferry
Excellent flow & volume control Reduce or eliminate stormwater
ponds Recreational space LEED credit
Bioretention PlanterRoof Runoff Erosion Roof Runoff Flow Control
Hoboken Portland, OR
Confined space Flow control CSO mitigation
Technical Resources• International Stormwater BMP Database
www.bmpdatabase.org
www.ascelibrary.org
Free!
• ASCE/EWRI Urban Water Resources Research Council– Permeable Pavement Task
Committee Report– Stormwater Safety Report– Pathogens in Urban
Stormwater
Elizabeth Fassman-Beck, Ph.D.Associate ProfessorCivil EngineeringStevens Institute of [email protected]
Technical Resources
Available at routledge.com
Actively researching: Bioretention planters Rain gardens Green roofs
Jeromie Lange, PE, Maser Consulting
• Developer Decision Metrics• Case Studies• Rule Change Coming Soon?
Developer Benefits of Using GI• Meet NJDEP SWM requirements cost
effectively– Quantity– Quality– Groundwater Recharge– Non-Structural/Low Impact Development
• Aesthetic benefits• Marketing benefits• Done right – Cost neutral to Cost savings
I don’t have enough room• GI can actually increase developable area
– Use “left over” areas– Make required landscaping areas dual
purpose– Change paved and roof areas from part of the
problem to part of the solution
Flexible to Fit
Bioretention - Big
Bioretention – Small
Porous Pavement
• Make the problem the solution
Porous Pavement• Reduces size of end
of pipe basin• Increase developable
area• Address quantity,
quality, recharge and LID all in one shot
• Speeds melting & reduces refreeze
Urban Area? Green Roofs
Urban Area? Planters/Bumpouts
My site soils don’t infiltrate• Many types of GI don’t require infiltration:
– Wet ponds– Porous pavement with underdrains– Rain gardens/Bioretention with underdrains– Green/Blue roofs– Cistern/Rain barrels– Constructed wetlands
Poor Soils? No Problem
• Constructed Wetland
Case Study #1• Original design: traditional detention basin
with a manufactured treatment device
Case Study #1• Eliminate the significant installation cost
and long term maintenance cost of the MTD
• Bioretention basin much more aesthetically pleasing
• Cost neutral with aesthetic improvement• Change was well received by the
Township Board
Case Study #1• Gl design: bioretention basin
Case Study #2 – Wet Ponds
Photos: WILLIAM HONACHEFSKY, P.L.S., NJDEP BUREAU OF FRESHWATER AND BIOLOGICAL MONITORING
Case Study #2• Wet pond for large scale residential
– Superior water quality– Works even with shallow groundwater– “Flat” storage surface efficient– Can reduce/eliminate fill import/retaining walls– Use for irrigation: stormwater first, high speed– Creates premium lots/views– Significant cost savings possible
Case Study #2
Current Non-Structural/LID• SUBJECTIVE• Unpredictable• Delays• Non-structural/LID don’t “count”• Unintended incentive to do the minimum
as the “opening offer” • Devolves into a negotiation
Need a Rule Change• Replace or alternative to non-structural
standards• Make rules effective in improving
stormwater management• Recognize state of the art: GI• Update BMP Manual to:
– recognize infiltration– address full spectrum of GI
All SWM Should “Count”• Recognize GI is LID• Allow routing with the design infiltration rate
– Design rate (i.e. Lowest tested with FOS = 2)– NJDEP/NJDA/NJBA Joint Infiltration Basin
Study• Allow for volume reduction with non-
infiltration LID • Apply reduced curve number method (MD,
McCuen, R. MDE, 1983)
Proposed Rule Change• Use GI for stormwater management –
Presumptively meet LID requirements• Two GI tiers:
– Small for quality and recharge– Large end of pipe for quantity
• Everything counts!– Volume and infiltration
Benefits of Rule Change• Effective stormwater mitigation• Mimic natural hydrologic processes• Predicable, objective compliance path • Aesthetically appealing• GI approach significantly more effective in
producing actual low impact development in the real world
Summary• Use GI• Use the GI Guide• SUPPORT THE RULE CHANGE
– (ANTICIPATED PROPOSAL SUMMER 2017)
Does Green Infrastructure Hold Water? Green Roof Case Studies,
-Energy/Economic Costs & Benefits
Paul S. Mankiewicz, Ph.D.Gaia Technologies LLC22 Howard Boulevard, Suite 204Mt. Arlington, New Jersey 07856
Watersheds work by capturing and biogeochemically filtering rainfall: Pipes are short circuitsonditioner efficiency by 1%w
• Green roofs with water in the warm season are always cooler than the surrounding air.
Cost of treating water ≈ $5/100 gallons
Value of water fed to plantings ≈ $50/100 gallons
Value of grey water fed to plantings across NYC
≈ six times peak load
• saves 40% air conditioning energy/ cost
• 1/4th heating cost
• Extends roof life to 20+ years
• Can treat up to 1,800 gal industrial grey water or waste water a day
This green roofs at Linda Tool:
Captures ≈ 2 gal/sq.ft.Weights ≈ 20 lbs/sq.ft.
Vegetated surfaces and water partition incoming energy:
Rn –H –G –LE –R –P = 0(Rn) = radiation load on an area (H) = sensible heat (G) = heat moved into air, soil and water (LE) = evaporative heat loss (R) = respiration (P) = photosynthesis
Energy is partitioned between sensible and latent heat, respiration and photosynthesis. The majority of this energy, ≈ 99%, is dissipated as sensible and latent heat. Sensible heat is stored in the local environment; Latent heat is exported and mixed into the atmosphere.The proportion of sensible to latent heat, the Bowman Ratio, translates directly into temperature on the ground and in the lower atmosphere. For local air conditioning, The Bowman ratio causally impacts the quantity of electricity usage and impact on local environmental quality.
[1] Loomis, R.S. & D.J. Connor. 1992. Crop ecology: Productivity and management in agricultural systems. Cambridge University Press, New York, p 145
1 gram oil contains 9 kilocalories
Each gram water evapotranspired takes with it 580 c
16 g water liquid –vapor phase ≈ 1 gram petroleum
[1] Loomis, R.S. & D.J. Connor. 1992. Crop ecology: Productivity and management in agricultural systems. Cambridge University Press, New York, p 145
Rn = H + LE + G +R +P
Rn = Total Radiation H = Sensible HeatLE = Latent Heat, evaporative heat loss G = Heat moved into surrounding materials, -buildings & soil, atmosphere & waterR = Respiration (max ≤ 1%)P = Photosynthesis (max ≤ 1%)
Energy Balance Equation
Increase InsulationExtend Roof LifeReduce Cooling Costs Decrease Urban Heat Island
This Green Roof saves 40% AC & 24% of heating costs
The Bowen Ratio shows how energy is partitioned between sensible and latent heat in different environments
93 million miles away, the sun is about ½ a degree of arc, and casts a shadow about 108 leaf diameters long
Particles, water vapor, and colloidal structures: actual shadow length is more like 60 leaf diameters below
St. Simon Stock School -The First Green Roof Built in the Bronx
• Experience with Nature & Urban ecology• Cooling the building• Growing food right in New York City
Green Roof: intensive stormwater capture systemor industrial or waste water treatment system
Water treatment Blue Roof structure
Microswale created from scrap EPS strips and impermeable HDPE film
Water Reservoir available to plant roots
Overflow and loss through drainage mat when water holding reaches capacity
Loss to Evapotranspiration
Water treatment Blue Roof structure
Forest in GaiaSoil on roof over parking garage in just off Fifth Avenue, Manhattan
GaiaSoil on NYC Parks Dept Headquarters in Central Park
GaiaSoil growing 70 species of edible plants in Work Architecture award winning exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art PS 1 Facility in Queens, New York
WORK ARCHITECTURE COMPANY installed an urban farm in 60 yards of GaiaSoil at the the Museum of Modern Art’s PS 1 facility in Queens:
Public Farm 1 grew more than 70 kinds of vegetables and flowers
Increasing Tree Pit Scale by a Factor of Five to an Order of Magnitude
each 20’ long tree pit:
captures 1” runoff from a 20’ wide road 80’ long.Or 1,500 gallons, at a cost of $30,000 per tree pit, ≈ $20/gallon
El Jardin del Paraiso
Biogeochemical Cap
Water Source: On-site Water Storage and Ecological Filtration
• Yellow arrows show flow from 6 acre concrete pad into the infiltration galleries formed by the native plants communities in rich, humic soils
• Below grade storage for quarter million gallons of water is created by the StormChambers at right. An additional 750,000 gallons of capacity was created by the structural soils installed under the concrete work pad.
Introducing…New Jersey Developers’ Green
Infrastructure Guide
Prepared by: AKRF, Inc.Prepared for: NJ Future
With funding by the William Penn Foundation and support from NJBA
Table of Contents• Executive Summary• Overview of GI Practices• Benefits of GI• Side-by-Side Comparisons• Case Studies• FAQs• References
Overview of GI Practices• This Developers’ Green Infrastructure Guide is
meant as a resource to help developers incorporate green infrastructure into projects for maximum benefit.
Types of GI• Small Landscape Practices
Bioretention Basin, Rain Garden, Curb Bumpout, etc.
• Large Landscape PracticesInfiltration Basin, Naturalized Detention Basin, Constructed Wetlands, etc.
• Pervious Pavement• Dry Well• Cistern/Rain Barrel• Green Roof/Blue Roof• Subsurface Infiltration Basin
Types of GI• Icons to help select appropriate GI
Financial Benefits
Community Benefits
Regulatory Benefits
Benefits of GIGreen
Infrastructur
Benefitse
Financial BenefitsGreen
Infrastructur
Benefitse
Studies show that customers are willing to pay up to 8-12 percent more to shop in landscaped areas with mature tree canopy. (NRDC, 2013)
“Using a bioretention basin eliminated significant installation cost and long term maintenance cost, and provided a much more aesthetically pleasing stormwater facility.” - Jeromie Lange, P.E. Senior Principal, Maser Consulting
Myth: Green infrastructure costs more to maintain than traditional infrastructureFact: In most cases, greeninfrastructure can be maintained as part of a routine landscape maintenance program at little or no additional cost to the owner. In fact green infrastructure costs less to maintain than a traditional lawn area, since it requires less mowing, fertilizer, and herbicide.Some studies have estimated that nearly
4,000 kilo-watt hours per year can be saved for each acre of lawn or formally landscaped area converted to a meadow-style rain garden.(NRDC, 2013)
Financial Benefits• Operational cost savings
– Energy– Maintenance– Water
• Property value• Rent/lease premiums• Marketing opportunities• Reduced carrying costs
“Compared to the original gray infrastructure approach, using a bioretention basin eliminated significant installation cost and long term maintenance costs, and provided a much more aesthetically pleasing stormwater facility. The client found both to be cogent justifications to authorize a design change, and the GI approach was well received by the Township.” - Jeromie Lange, P.E. Senior Principal, Maser Consulting
Regulatory BenefitsGreen
Infrastructur
Benefitse
“My highest cost is money over time. Whatever helps me get permits faster is money in the bank.”
Myth: Many people assume that there are no regulatory benefits for choosing a green infrastructure approach to stormwater management.Fact: State regulators and many local jurisdictions are eager to work with developers who demonstrate a commitment to maximizing nonstructural measures as a part of the overall site design.
Regulatory Benefits• NJAC 7:8 “…to the Maximum Extent Practicable.”• Structural green infrastructure practices can be
used to satisfy most of the nine “nonstructural strategies” requirements identified in the stormwater rule.
• GI helps leverage intersecting regulatory, financial and community outreach benefits to save money and improve the quality of the development.
Community Benefits• Municipal Incentives
– Density Bonuses, Tax Abatements, Municipal Connection Fee Credits, Redevelopment Area Bonuses
• Public Greening• Opportunities for Recreation• Public Safety• Green Job Creation• Habitat• Energy Conservation• Public Health and Welfare
Green Infrastructure Co-Benefits Calculator
Co-Benefits Calculator ExampleInputs ResultsLarge Bioretention (2,713 sf footprint; 25,358 sf IA managed; 25-yr lifespan; 100% shrub and herbaceous cover; 4 trees; > 75% flowering vegetation; 100% native vegetation; and 10 plant species)
1,694 lb/hr of carbon sequestration
Porous Pavement ( 4,131 sf footprint; 4,131 sf IA managed; and 25-yr lifespan)
61% urban heat island reduction
Blue Roof ( 3,231 sf footprint; 3,261 sf IA managed; and 25-yr lifespan)
9% potential property value increase
National Green Values Calculator
National Green Values Calculator Example
Inputs ResultsRainfall Data (pre-populated by zip code) IA reduced by 17%Storm Rainfall - 1.25 inches Green Improvements capture slightly more
than 1.25 inches
Lot size – 1 acre Total life-cycle construction and maintenance costs (NPV) differ by 1%
Soil type - CPre-development IA – 80%Pre-development meadow – 20%Runoff Volume Reduction Goal of 1.25 inches
Conventional Roof Size – 10,000 sfConventional Parking Spaces - 25Green Improvements –Planter Box (100 sf), Rain Gardens (1,000 sf), and Porous Pavement (40% of parking lot)
Side-by-Side Comparisons• Maximum Green
Infrastructure – Option 1• Minimal Green Infrastructure
– Option 2• Commercial, Residential,
and Urban Infill Scenarios
Case Study – Paseo Verde
Case Study – Virtua Vorhees Hospital
Questions?
16 W. Lafayette St. Trenton, NJ (609) 393-0008
200 American Metro Boulevard, Suite 123 Hamilton, NJ (609) 587-5577
One Washington Square 530 Walnut Street, Suite 998 Philadelphia, PA(267) 585-4839
Thank you!• George Vallone, Hoboken Brownstone
Company (moderator)• Elizabeth Fassman Beck, Ph.D, Stevens
Institute of Technology• Jeromie Lange, P.E., Maser Consulting• Paul Mankiewicz, Ph.D, Gaia Institute• Rodman Ritchie, P.E., AKRF
DevelopersGuide.njfuture.org