AP US History Chapters 6 & 7
Essential Question #1
How did the events of the French and Indian War foreshadow the Revolutionary War?
Unofficial British policy of relaxed royal control over colonial trade and only weak enforcement of Navigation Laws. Began in 1688- Glorious Revolution Ended in 1763- French and Indian War
Why would Salutary Neglect be a cause of the American Revolutionary War?
Native Americans defeated Braddock and took to warpath- from frontier Penn to N. Carolina
Treaty of Paris was harsh for Iroquois, Creeks, and other interior tribes
Indians lost their most powerful diplomatic weapon- playing European powers against each other
Pontiac’s Uprising and the Proclamation of 1763
Colonists had increased confidence in their military strength
Shattered the myth of British invincibility British officials upset by the reluctance of
colonists’ support Those colonists who fought together
discovered that they were all fellow Americans- same language, shared common ideals F & I caused colonists to develop a new vision of
their destiny
Essential Question #2
Did the colonists have a strong argument for revolting against the crown, or were they simply
overreacting?
Two new political ideas that developed among American colonists by the mid 1700s. Republicanism
A society in which all citizens give in to their interests for the common good
Opposed aristocracies and monarchs Radical Whigs
British political commentators, widely read by the colonists
Whigs feared power of the monarch threatened liberties Americans are used to running their own affairs “Distance weakens authority”
Mercantilism Economic wealth could be measured by the
amount of gold and silver the country has To get more gold and silver, must export
more than import Colonies will provide raw materials to Britain
(exports) Britain to American colonies- “do not
indulge in dreams of economic self-sufficiency or self-government”
Navigation Law (1650)- remember?? All commerce to and from the colonies must be on
British ships European goods headed to colonies must pass
through Britain first American merchants must send tobacco exclusively
to Britain And another thing…
British crown reserved the right to nullify (cancel) any laws passed by the colonial assemblies that worked against the mercantilist system
Was the British mercantilist system selfish and oppressive? Most of these new laws were not strictly enforced
John Hancock and smuggling Americans benefitted from mercantile system
Virginia planters had monopoly in the British market Colonists had protection from British navy and army
Problems Annoying liabilities and dependency on British creditors Colonists felt used, economy held back by the British
Britain accumulated debt from F & I War P.M. George Grenville’s plan
Enforce the Navigation Laws Sugar Act of 1764 (increased tax from W. Indies) Quartering Act of 1765 Stamp Tax of 1765 (to support the new military) Admiralty courts
Reactions Jeopardizing basic rights of the colonists Radical whigs were right! “no taxation w/o representation” vs. “virtual representation”
Colonial steps toward unity Stamp Act Congress of 1765 (little impact in America) Nonimportation agreements against British goods Sons/Daughters of Liberty- more violent
Repeal of the Stamp Act All stamp agents had been forced to resign, no one to
sell the stamps Repealed in 1766- pressure from thousands of British
laborers losing jobs Victory! But wait a minute….
Declaratory Act: Britain to America- “We own you.”
Townshend Acts of 1767 Light import tax on glass, white lead, paper, pain,
tea Tax would pay salaries of royal governors and
judges Smuggling became common, British troops enter
Boston (1768) Would be repealed in 1770
Boston Massacre (March 5, 1770) 11 citizens wounded or killed, Crispus Attucks Only 2 redcoats found guilty
Samuel Adams Engineer or rebellion Established the Committee of Corr. in Boston (1772)
Comm. Of Corr. Chief function was to spread the spirit of
resistance by exchanging letters, oppose British policies
Every colony had established Comm. Of Corr.
Background British East India Company facing bankruptcy Cheaper tea, but principle more important None of the tea ever reached America shores Mass. Gov. Thomas Hutchinson
Reaction Sympathetic colonists cheered Conservatives complained Hutchinson- gone
Parliament responds to Boston Tea Party
Boston Port Act and “Intolerable Acts” Restrictions on town meetings New Quartering Act
Quebec Act Parliament’s decision on the French Guaranteed Catholic religion, old customs No representative assemblies or trial by jury Extended providence of Quebec into Ohio River
First Continental Congress (1774) Response to the “Intolerable Acts” Address colonial grievances, NOT calling for
independence Declaration of Rights The Association
Complete boycott of British goods Lexington and Concord (April 1775)
British mission- seize colonial gunpowder and find Sam Adams and John Hancock
Strengths Population (3-1) Wealth Naval power Professional army, Hessians, Loyalists, Indians
Weaknesses Ireland and France Lord North was no William Pitt English Whigs cheered American victories Army had many difficulties 3,000 miles away from home America’s geography
Strengths Leadership- Washington and Franklin Foreign Aid Fighting a defensive war Agriculture was self-sustaining Belief in the cause
Weaknesses Badly organized Sectional jealousy Economic difficulties
Which of these protests against the Stamp Act was most effective in securing its repeal?A. The Stamp Act Congress if 1765B. Petitions to ParliamentC. Nonimportation agreementsD. Violent protestsE. Refusal to pay the tax
Which of these protests against the Stamp Act was most effective in securing its repeal?A. The Stamp Act Congress if 1765B. Petitions to ParliamentC. Nonimportation agreementsD. Violent protestsE. Refusal to pay the tax
What was the most significant role of the Committees of Correspondence?A. Writing broadsidesB. Encouraging women’s participation
in boycotts and rebellionsC. Building momentum for a complete
break with EnglandD. Seeking every colony’s participation
in the first American CongressE. Organizing local letter-writing
campaigns to fortify colonial resistance to British policies
What was the most significant role of the Committees of Correspondence?A. Writing broadsidesB. Encouraging women’s participation
in boycotts and rebellionsC. Building momentum for a complete
break with EnglandD. Seeking every colony’s participation
in the first American CongressE. Organizing local letter-writing
campaigns to fortify colonial resistance to British policies
The First Continental Congress met in 1774 principally toA. Strategize ways to redress colonial
grievancesB. Declare the colony’s independence
from EnglandC. Outline a new national government
for the future United StatesD. Organize a colonial armyE. Enlist the support of other countries
in their conflict with England
The First Continental Congress met in 1774 principally toA. Strategize ways to redress colonial
grievancesB. Declare the colony’s independence
from EnglandC. Outline a new national government
for the future United StatesD. Organize a colonial armyE. Enlist the support of other countries
in their conflict with England
In what ways did mercantilism benefit the colonists?A. England provided subsidies for surplus cropsB. Mercantilism helped several colonial
merchants become wealthyC. It elevated some colonists to positions of political powerD. It stimulated American wool manufacturingE. Britain granted them certain trade monopolies and protected them militarily
In what ways did mercantilism benefit the colonists?A. England provided subsidies for surplus cropsB. Mercantilism helped several colonial
merchants become wealthyC. It elevated some colonists to positions of political powerD. It stimulated American wool manufacturingE. Britain granted them certain trade monopolies and protected them militarily
Which of the following lists is chronologically accurate?A. Stamp Act, Boston Tea Party, Intolerable Acts, Townshend ActsB. Sugar Act, Boston Massacre, The Association, Intolerable ActsC. Stamp Act, Boston Tea Party, Lexington and Concord, First Continental CongressD. Sugar Act, Townshend Acts, Boston Tea Party, First Continental CongressE. Declaratory Act, Quebec Act, Boston Massacre, Quartering Act
Which of the following lists is chronologically accurate?A. Stamp Act, Boston Tea Party, Intolerable Acts, Townshend ActsB. Sugar Act, Boston Massacre, The Association, Intolerable ActsC. Stamp Act, Boston Tea Party, Lexington and Concord, First Continental CongressD. Sugar Act, Townshend Acts, Boston Tea Party, First Continental CongressE. Declaratory Act, Quebec Act, Boston Massacre, Quartering Act
Essential Question #2
Did the colonists have a strong argument for revolting against the
crown, or were they simply overreacting?