Appendix
See Tables A.1, A.2, A.3, A.4, A.5.
© Metallurgical Industry Press, Beijing and Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016D. Wang, Flotation Reagents: Applied Surface Chemistry on Minerals Flotationand Energy Resources Beneficiation, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-2027-8
173
Tab
leA.1
App
lications
ofvariou
scollectorsandfrothers
prod
uced
byEng
land
Cyanamid
Com
pany
andDow
Chemical
Com
pany
Reagent
(maincomponent)
Codename
State
Dosage
(g/t)
Dilu
tion
concentration
Addinglocatio
nCom
mon
sulfide
ores
Noble
metal
Heavy
nonferrous
metal
Metallic
and
nonm
etallic
oxides
Grinding
Stirring
Flotation
PbZn
Cu
FeCo,
Ni
12
34
56
78
910
1112
1314
1516
Xylenol
phosphorodith
ioic
acid
AEROFL
OAT
prom
oter
15Liquid
23–90
Undilu
ted
××
××
××
25Liquid
23–90
Undilu
ted
××
××
××
××
×
31Liquid
23–90
Undilu
ted
××
××
××
33Liquid
23–90
Undilu
ted
××
××
××
Alkyl
thiophosphoric
acid
194
Liquid
5–45
Undilu
ted
××
××
Solid
umdiethyland
secondary-butyl
dithiophosphates
208
Liquid
5–45
5–20
%×
××
×
Sodium
diisopropyl
dithiophosphate
211
Liquid
23–90
5–20
%×
××
Sodium
disec-butyl
dithiophosphate
238
Liquid
10–45
5–20
%×
××
×
Xylenol
phosphorodith
ioic
ammonium
salt
241
Liquid
10–70
5–20
%×
××
242
Liquid
Ditto
10%
××
×
Sodium
dimethylam
yldithio
phosphate
249
Liquid
10–45
5–20
%×
××
Sodium
diisobutyl
dithiophosphate
3477
Liquid
××
××
×
Sodium
diisoamyl
dithiophosphate
3501
Liquid
××
××
×
Sodium
diethylphosphate
Sodium
Liquid
23–90
5–20
%×
××
×
Sodium
sec-butyl
dithiocarbonate
AERO
orZ
301,
Z-12
Solid
23–70
10–20
%×
××
××
××
××
×
(con
tinued)
174 Appendix
Tab
leA.1
(con
tinued)
Reagent
(maincomponent)
Codename
State
Dosage
(g/t)
Dilu
tion
concentration
Addinglocatio
nCom
mon
sulfide
ores
Noble
metal
Heavy
nonferrous
metal
Metallic
and
nonm
etallic
oxides
Grinding
Stirring
Flotation
PbZn
Cu
FeCo,
Ni
12
34
56
78
910
1112
1314
1516
Potassium
ethyl
dithiocarbonate
303,
Z-3
Solid
23–90
10–20
%×
××
××
××
××
Sodium
isobutyl
dithiocarbonate
317,
Z-14
Solid
23–90
10–20
%×
××
××
××
××
Sodium
ethyl
dithiocarbonate
325,
Z-4
solid
23–90
10–20
%×
××
××
××
××
Sodium
isopropyl
dithiocarbonate
343,
Z-11
Solid
23–90
10–20
%×
××
××
××
××
Potassium
amyl
dithiocarbonate
350,
Z-6
Solid
23–70
10–20
%×
××
××
××
××
Sodium
amyl
dithiocarbonate
355
Solid
23–70
10–20
%×
××
××
×
Xanthate
AERO
prom
oter
3302
Liquid
5–23
Undilu
ted
××
××
×
3461
Liquid
5–23
Undilu
ted
××
××
×
Mecaptobenzothiazole
AERO
prom
oter
404
Liquid
23–230
5%
××
××
××
××
××
Mecaptobenzothiazole
407
Liquid
23–230
5%
××
××
××
××
××
412
Liquid
23–230
5%
××
××
××
××
××
425
Liquid
23–230
5%
××
××
××
×
Aminothionicester
Z-200
N-ethyl,
O-isopropyl
Liquid
23–45
Undilu
ted
××
××
××
AERO
(con
tinued)
Appendix 175
Tab
leA.1
(con
tinued)
Reagent
(maincomponent)
Codename
State
Dosage
(g/t)
Dilu
tion
concentration
Addinglocatio
nCom
mon
sulfide
ores
Noble
metal
Heavy
nonferrous
metal
Metallic
and
nonm
etallic
oxides
Grinding
Stirring
Flotation
PbZn
Cu
FeCo,
Ni
12
34
56
78
910
1112
1314
1516
Thiam
butosines
130
Solid
23–70
5–10
%×
××
××
×
AERO
prom
oter
Crude
taroils
710
Liquid
90–900
5–10
%×
××
Essentialtaroils
723
Liquid
90–900
Undilu
ted
××
×
765
Liquid
90–900
5–10
%×
××
Fatty
amine
AERO-M
INE
prom
oter
3035
Liquid
45–230
Undilu
ted
××
×
3037
Pasty
45–230
Emulsion
××
××
×
AERO
prom
oter
Petroleum
sulfonate
801R
Liquid
230–1400
10–30
%(disperse)
××
×
899R
Liquid
230–1400
Ditto
××
×
825
Liquid
230–1400
10–30
%(disperse)
××
××
840
Liquid
230–1400
××
××
830
Pasty
140–168
10–20
%(disperse)
××
×
845
Pasty
140–168
××
×
870
Liquid
23–90
××
×
Alip
hatic
acid
Liquid
90–900
Emulsify
××
××
Alip
hatic
acid
soap
Liquid
90–900
5–10
%×
××
Kerosene,
hydrocarbonoil
Liquid
230–1800
Undilu
ted
××
××
AEROFR
OTH
(con
tinued)
176 Appendix
Tab
leA.1
(con
tinued)
Reagent
(maincomponent)
Codename
State
Dosage
(g/t)
Dilu
tion
concentration
Addinglocatio
nCom
mon
sulfide
ores
Noble
metal
Heavy
nonferrous
metal
Metallic
and
nonm
etallic
oxides
Grinding
Stirring
Flotation
PbZn
Cu
FeCo,
Ni
12
34
56
78
910
1112
1314
1516
Alcohols
Frother
65Liquid
5–90
Undilu
ted
××
××
××
××
Branchedethanol
70Liquid
15–90
Undilu
ted
××
××
××
××
Pentanol,hexylalcohol
cyclopentanol,cyclohexanol
71A
Liquid
15–90
Undilu
ted
××
××
××
××
Alcohols
73Liquid
23–230
Undilu
ted
××
××
××
××
Linearalcoholswith
4–8C
77A
Liquid
13–90
Undilu
ted
××
××
××
×
Pine
oil
Liquid
13–90
Undilu
ted
××
××
××
××
××
×
Cresylic
acid
Liquid
23–90
Undilu
ted
××
××
××
××
×
Eucalyptusoil
Liquid
23–90
Undilu
ted
××
××
××
××
Polyglycol
Dow
frother
200
Liquid
5–90
××
××
××
××
××
×
Polypropyleneglycol
ethers
250
Liquid
5–90
Undilu
ted
××
××
××
××
××
×
Appendix 177
Tab
leA.2
App
lications
ofmainflo
tatio
nreagentsused
intheSo
viet
Union
(quo
tedfrom
Cпp
aвoчникпo
OбoгaЩ
eнию
Pyл)
Reagent
Com
ponent
Characteristic
Preparation
App
lication
Indu
strial
oleicacid
Fatty
acid
mixture,o
leic
acid
ClassА:organicacid
95%
classБ:
organicacid
92–95
%Acidvalue:
175–21
0,Iodine
value:
80–10
5,Moisturecontent0.5%
Freezing
point
ClassА:<10
°CClassБ:
16°C
ClassВ:34
°C
Blend
with
kerosene
with
aprop
ortio
nof
1:1
or1:2,
ormixed,or
emulsified
with
water
Fish
oilsoap
Oleic
acid
Linoleicacid
Stearicacid
Acidvalue:
3–30
Iodine
value:
70–20
0Mixed
with
taroilsand
sapo
nified
with
caustic
soda
Sulfatesoap
Fatty
acid
soap,resinacid
soap,xy
logen,
tann
in,
dyeing
,sulfuric
minerals
Fatty
acid
content:>4
5%
Moisturecontent:<5
0%
Ash
content:8%
Paperindu
stry
Mixed
with
hydrocarbo
noilwhen
heated
to50–90
°C
Crude
taroils
Fatty
acid
andresinacid
Oleic
acid
28–43
%Linoleicacid
38–65
%Linolenic
acid
0.5–
2.0%
Stearicacid
4–10
%Palm
acid
4–10
%
ClassА:organicacid
95%
ClassБ:
organicacid
90%
Fatty
acid:35
–55
%Resin
acid:30–55
%Neutral
:4–20
%Acidvalue:
115–17
5So
apvalue:
140–
180
Makingup
aqueou
ssolutio
n;mixed
with
hydrocarbo
noil
emulsified
byem
ulsifier;
sapo
nified
with
caustic
soda;
emulsified
bysodium
alky
lbenzenesulfon
ate
andalky
lsod
iumsulfate
Rectifi
catio
ntaroils
Fatty
acid
andresinacid
Oleic
acid
28–43
%Linoleicacid
38–65
%,
Linolenic
acid
0.5–
2.0%
Stearicacid
4–10
%Palm
acid
4–10
%
ClassА,Б:
organicacid
92–95
%,
Resin
acid:<4
0%
Acidvalue:
150–15
8So
apvalue:
160–
170
Fractio
nate
crud
etaroilsat
200–23
5°C
Makingup
1–10
%em
ulsion
or1–15
%sapo
nified
fluid;
Mixingwith
anionic
collector
(con
tinued)
178 Appendix
Tab
leA.2
(con
tinued)
Reagent
Com
ponent
Characteristic
Preparation
App
lication
Tar
oilfatty
acid
The
prop
ortio
nof
oleicacid
andlin
oleicacid
1:1and
someun
sapo
nifiable
matter
ClassА,Б:
resinacid<2
%ClassВ:resinacid
<3%
ClassГ:
resinacid
18–25
%Unsapon
ifiable
mattercontent:
ClassА:<3
%ClassБ:
<5%
ClassВ,Г:
4%
Acidvalue:
180
1–10
%em
ulsion
,1–
15%
caustic
soda,
sapo
nified
fluid
Naphthenicsoap
Naphthenicsoap,
hydrocarbo
nWith
certaincontentof
NaC
land
Na 2SO
4
Naphthenicsoap
content:>4
3%
Unsapon
ifiable
mattercontent:
<13%
Acidvalue:
<20
Prod
uctsof
oilindu
stry
orprod
uctsof
kerosene,
gasolin
ewhenpu
rified
byalkali
20%
aqueou
ssolutio
n
Rectifying
naph
thenic
soap
Mixed
naph
thenic
acids
Naphthenicacid
content:>4
5%
Acidvalue:
220–25
0Paperindu
stry
5–10
%liq
uidsoap
Synthetic
fatty
acid
n-carbox
ylic
acid
mixtures,
few
isom
eric
acid
Prod
ucts
Acid
value
Unsapon
ifiable
mattercontent
Prepared
from
oxidized
paraffin
C7–C9:1–
10%
liquid
soap,
C10–C167:directly
used,
C17–C28:mixed
with
tar
oil
7–9C
370–
410
<1%
10–16
C22
0–26
5<3
%
7–20
C19
5–21
0<5
%
Ether
acid
3–10
(con
tinued)
Appendix 179
Tab
leA.2
(con
tinued)
Reagent
Com
ponent
Characteristic
Preparation
App
lication
Synthetic
isom
eric
acid
The
prop
ortio
nof
n-carbox
ylicacidsandisom
eric
acidsis1:1with
10*20
carbon
atom
s.
Acidvalue:
250–27
0So
apvalue:
265–
285
Freezing
point:+
5–+8
°C
Prepared
byox
idationof
isom
eric
aliphatic
hydrocarbo
n
C7–C9:1–
10%
liquid
soap,
C10–C167:directly
used,
C17–C28:mixed
with
tar
oil
Oxidizedkerosene
Mixed
carbox
ylic
acids,
hydrox
yacidsandother
oxides
Acidvalue:
>45%
Prepared
byox
idationof
kerosene
5–10
%em
ulsion
with
taroil
Fatty
acid
from
diethy
lsebacate
Mixed
high
erfatty
acid
(oleic
acid
andstearicacid),esters
andmethy
lethy
lalcoho
l,castor
oil
Fatty
acid
content:>7
5%
Moisturecontent:<2
0%
Acidvalue:
>140
Soap
value:
>150
Prepared
bypy
rogenic
decompo
sitio
nricino
leic
soap
5–10
%liq
uidsoap,
mixed
with
alky
lsulfonate
ortaroil
Petroleum
asph
alt
Triglyceride,
dissociate
and
polymerized
esters
Acidvalue:
50–60
Soap
value:
140–
150
Unsapon
ifiable
matters:15–20
%,
Fatty
acid:20
–22
%
Prepared
bymakingoleic
acid
5–10
%liq
uidsoap
stabilizedwith
taroil
Cottonseedoilmaltha
Mixed
fatty
acids(oleic
acid,
linoleicacid,andpalm
acid)
Fatty
acid
content:50–60
%Prod
uctswhile
distilling
cotto
nseedoil
5–10
%liq
uidsoap,
mixed
with
taroil
Oilmaltha
Carbo
xylic
acids,hy
drox
yacids,andesters
Acidvalue:
>20
Soap
value:
100–
200
Iodine
value:
45–60
Prod
uctswhile
distilling
naturaloil
2–5%
liquidsoap,
treatedwith
soda
orNaO
H
Oxy
vaselin
eMixed
carbox
ylic
acids,
hydrox
yacids,esters,and
vaselin
e
Acidvalue:
>55
Soap
value:
140
Moisturecontent:<2
0%
Prepared
byox
idationof
vaselin
eSo
dasoap
Pyrolytic
woo
dtaroil
Polyph
enols,organicoil
acids,hy
drocarbon
sPo
lyph
enols:35–50
%Acid:
5–9%
Neutral
matter:40–50
%Acidvalue:
250–27
0
Prepared
bydistillationof
woo
ds5–
10%
aqueou
ssolutio
nor
emulsion
(con
tinued)
180 Appendix
Tab
leA.2
(con
tinued)
Reagent
Com
ponent
Characteristic
Preparation
App
lication
ΦocΦoteH
Sodium
saltof
thereactio
nprod
uctof
P 2S 5
and
naph
thenic
acid
Acidvalue:
>200
%1–
5%
aqueou
ssolutio
n
HOBOCTbA
Sulfate,
sodium
saltof
fatty
acids(C7–C9)
with
sodium
hydrocarbo
nsulfon
ateand
carbox
ymethy
lcellu
lose
Sodium
allylsulfon
ate:
abou
t40
%,sodium
hydrocarby
lsulfon
ate:
40–50
%,un
sulfon
ated
matter:>1
40,moisturecontent:
>150
Prepared
bysulfon
atingof
fatty
alcoho
ls1–
2%
aqueou
ssolutio
n,mixed
with
sodium
oleate
andtaroil
Fatty
acidsof
second
ary
alcoho
lAlkyl
sulfate(C
11–C20)and
Na 2SO
4
RSO
4>26
%Na 2SO
4<30
%Prepared
bysulfatingof
alcoho
lmadefrom
oxidized
paraffin
1–5%
aqueou
ssolutio
n
Прогресс
Aqu
eous
solutio
nof
fatty
acidsof
second
aryalcoho
l
RH C CH3OSO3N
aR4*
14
RSO
4>20
%,hy
drocarbon
s<1
8%,
isom
eric
alcoho
l<5%,
Na 2SO
4abou
t30
%
Prod
uctsby
sulfatingof
alcoho
lswith
6–8°C
6–20
%solutio
n
OPC
Sodium
aliphatate,
hydrocarby
lsulfon
ate,
hydrocarby
lsulfate,
and
hydrocarbon
s
Activematter:20–25
%Su
lfon
ate:
60%
Prepared
bysulfon
atingof
prod
uctsfrom
brandoil
1–10
%aqueou
ssolutio
n
Alkylsulfon
ate
RSO
3Na(R12*18)
RSO
3Na:
>88.5%
RSO
3H:<8
%Prepared
bysulfon
atingof
kerosene
0.5–
10%
aqueou
ssolutio
n
Волгонат
Mixturesof
RSO
3Na
RSO
3Na:
>92%
NaC
l:<6
%0.5–
10%
aqueou
ssolutio
n
Сулгьфонаг
Mixturesof
R—C6H
4—SO
3Na
Con
tent
ofactiv
efractio
ns:40
–
50%
Prepared
bysulfon
atingof
fossiloil
Usedas
dispersant
agentforfatty
acid
calcium
soap
ПетроваКП
Ditto
(con
tinued)
Appendix 181
Tab
leA.2
(con
tinued)
Reagent
Com
ponent
Characteristic
Preparation
App
lication
АзолягА
Dialkylbenzenesodium
sulfon
ate
R1=C10–C12,R2-C5–C7
Activecontent:45
%Na 2SO
4:10–15
%Unsulfonatedmatter:5%
Prepared
bybenzene
sulfon
ationof
prod
uctsfrom
fossiloil
0.5–
10%
solutio
n
Некаль
1,2,3-tributyl
naph
thalenesulfonicacid
solutio
n
Activematter:16–20
%NaC
l:<0
.7%
Prepared
bysulfon
atingof
alky
lnaph
thalene
1–10
%aqueou
ssolutio
n
Emulgator
Mixturesof
naph
thenic
acid,
hydrocarby
lsulfon
ate,
and
petroleum
hydrocarbo
n
Prod
uctsby
petroleum
hydrocarbo
nof
fossiloil
3–10
%em
ulsion
Isoo
ctylph
osph
ate
Mixturesof
phosph
oric
acid
mon
oester
sodium
salt,
and
phosph
oric
acid
diester
sodium
salt
Phosph
oric
acid
mon
oester
sodium
salt:
30%,
di-iso-octylph
osph
ate:
70%
Prod
uctsof
reactio
nof
P 2O5
andalcoho
l1–
10%
solutio
n
ИМ-50
R–CO–NHOH,
C7–C9:ИМ-50,
ИМ-51,ИМ-52else
Moisturecontent:7–9%
Activeconstituent:>7
5%
Prod
uctsof
carbox
ymethy
ldealtwith
hydrox
ylam
ine
sulfate
1–10
%solutio
nheated
to40
–50
°C,
10–50
%hy
drocarbo
noilsolutio
n
Dith
iocarbon
ate
ROCSS
Me
Class
1:87
%,class2:
83%
Isop
ropy
l:80
%,amyl:8
7,85
,76%
,C6–C8 9:ИМ-68dithiocarbon
ate,
C7–C9:ИМ-79dithiocarbon
ate
Alcoh
oldialky
lpho
spho
rodithioic
acid
anddithiocarbon
ithioic
acid:
60–90
%
Alcoh
oldialky
lpho
spho
rodithioic
acid
(RO) 2PS
SMe
Isop
ropy
l,ethy
lcontent:>6
0%,
alcoho
ldialky
lpho
spho
rodithioic
acid
andethy
ldialky
lpho
spho
rodithioic
acid
Prod
uctsof
neutralizationof
theprod
uctsof
heatingP 2S 5
andalcoho
lwith
Na 2CO3,
NH3and(N
H4)2C
O3
5–10
%solutio
n,C6–C89,C7–C9:5–
10%
emulsion
with
alcoho
ldithioph
osph
ate (con
tinued)
182 Appendix
Tab
leA.2
(con
tinued)
Reagent
Com
ponent
Characteristic
Preparation
App
lication
Phenol
dialky
lpho
spho
rodithioic
acid
(RO) 2PS
SMe
Cresoldialky
lpho
spho
rodithioic
acid:>6
0%,
xyleno
ldialky
lpho
spho
rodithioic
acid:>5
5%
2–10
%aqueou
ssolutio
nor
emulsion
heated
with
0.5%
NH4O
Hsolutio
n
Hyd
rolysis
dialky
lpho
spho
rodithioic
acid
Mixturesof
thioph
osph
oric
acidR1=C10*C12,R2-C5–
C7
Activecontent:45
%Na 2SO
4:10–15
%Unsulfonatedmatter:5%
Prepared
bybenzene
sulfon
ationof
prod
uctsfrom
fossiloil
5–10
%aqueou
ssolutio
n
Hyd
rocarbyl
dithiocarbam
ate
RNHCSS
K(N
a)or
RNRCSS
K(N
a)So
lutio
nД
300–
400g/l,
solutio
nЕ12
5–17
5g/l,
diethy
l,cycloh
exyl,methy
l
Reactionprod
uctof
aniline,
CS 2
andalkali
2–10
%aqueou
ssolutio
n
Thiam
butosines
(C6H
5NH) 2CS
Meltin
gPo
int:15
3–15
5o C
,density
:1.32
–1.35
Reactionprod
uctof
aniline
andCS 2
Directly
used
ordissolving
with
toluidine
Benzothiazolethiol
RH2
CN
Cl
Benzothiazolethiol:>9
3%,
impu
rity:aniline,sulfur
Reactionprod
uctof
aniline,
sulfur
andCS 2
2–3%
sodium
salt
solutio
n
Thion
iccarbam
icacid
ester
ROC
NHR
SROC
NR
SH
Prop
ylmethy
l,isop
ropy
lethy
l,ethy
lReactionprod
uctof
dialky
lpho
spho
rodithioic
acid
andam
ine
Directly
used
orused
as2–
10%
emulsion
Fatty
amine
RNH2,C7–C9,C10–C16,
C16–C20
Prim
aryam
ines:>7
6.5%;
Second
aryam
ines:<1
5%;
Prod
uctsof
redu
ctionof
ammon
ium
saltof
synthetic
acid
orprod
uctsof
hydrog
enationof
alky
lnitrate
0.5–
5%
HClsalt
solutio
n
АΗП-2
RNH2�H
Cl,C14–C15
Prim
aryam
ines
hydrochloride:
>76.5%,
Second
aryam
ines
hydrochloride:
<3%,
АΗП-1:distillingat
240–
290
o CАΗП-2:distillingat
220*
350
o CАΗП-3:distillingat
250*
350
o C
Prod
uctsof
redu
ctionof
ammon
ium
saltof
synthetic
acid
orprod
uctsof
hydrog
enationof
alky
lnitrate
0.5–
5%
HClsalt
solutio
n
(con
tinued)
Appendix 183
Tab
leA.2
(con
tinued)
Reagent
Com
ponent
Characteristic
Preparation
App
lication
Κатапинк
RH2
CN
Cl
R=C6–C8
Activematter:>7
5%
Moisturecontent:<1
5%
Con
densationprod
uctof
pyridine
andchloroalkane
1–10
%solutio
n
Dixanthog
enROCSS
SSCOR
C6*
C8:30%
oxidationprod
uctof
dialky
lpho
spho
rodithioic
acid
directly
used
or1*
5%em
ulsion
Xanthog
enate
ROCSS
R′
АБ-1:
butyl-allyl,
C4H
9OC(S)S—
CH2—
CH=C
H2:
99%
Reactionprod
uctof
dialky
lpho
spho
rodithioic
acid
andalkeny
lhalid
es
Directly
used
or1–
5%
emulsion
ИΜ-68
Mixingfatty
alcoho
lAlcoh
olcontent:>9
6%
1–5%
emulsion
Isoalcoh
ol(CH3)2C
(OH)CH2C
H2C
H3
Alcoh
olcontent:>9
5%
Meltin
gpo
int:14
o CBoilin
gpo
int:11
9–12
1o C
Hyd
rogenatio
nprod
uctof
prop
ylene
Water
emulsion
ТЭБ
H3C
H C O C2H
5H2
CCH2
()
OC2H
52
Crudegrade:
>85%
Puregrade:
>96%
Reactionprod
uctof
croton
icaldehy
deandethy
lalcoh
ol0.5–
1%
emulsion
ОПС
R–O–(C
2H6O
)n–H
ОПСМ:prop
oxy,
ethy
lalcoh
olОПСБ:
prop
oxy,
butylalcoho
l
Terpene
alcoho
lMixingterpenealcoho
land
terpenes
ClassА:terpenealcoho
l>6
0%
ClassБ:
oterpenealcoho
l>5
0%
ClassВ:terpenealcoho
l>4
0%
Boilin
gpo
int:16
8o C
Moisturecontent:2.5%
Pine
oil
Mixingterpenealcoho
land
terpenes
Acidvalue:
1–2
СМЭФ:terpenealcoho
l50
–75
%СУМФ:terpenealcoho
l50*
60%
Oxidatio
nprod
uctof
dialky
lpho
spho
rodithioic
acid
1–10
%solutio
n
(con
tinued)
184 Appendix
Tab
leA.2
(con
tinued)
Reagent
Com
ponent
Characteristic
Preparation
App
lication
EmulsifierОП-4
Reactionprod
uctsof
alky
lpheno
landethy
lene
oxide
1–10
%em
ulsion
EmulsifierОП-7
ОП-10
R=C8–C10,R
1=Ror
H,n
=6–
730–40
%water
solutio
nReactionprod
uctsof
alky
lpheno
landethy
lene
oxide
1–10
%em
ulsion
Oxalic
acid
HOOC–COOH
Oxalic
acid
content:95%
1–5%
water
solutio
n
Citric
acid
Citric
acid
content:>9
5%
Amylum
Mixed
amyloseand
amylop
ectin
Amylosecontent:15
–25
%Amylop
ectin
content:75
–80
%n=10
0–20
00
Prepared
from
potato
and
corn
0.5–
3%
water
solutio
nbo
iled,
NaO
H,soda
Dextrin
Starch
prod
ucts
Acidvalue:
>10
Moisturecontent:<25
%Oxidatio
nprod
uctsof
amylum
0.5–
3%
water
solutio
nbo
iled,
NaO
H,soda
Tannin
Coagu
lated:
extractiv
eof
Quebracho
,po
lyph
enols
hydrolytic:gallicacids,
extractiv
eof
gallic
Extractiveof
oak,
spruce,and
liquo
rice
intheSo
viet
Union
Tannincontentin
oak:
45%
Tannincontentin
spruce:3
7–40
%
Extracted
incold
water
and
evaporated
into
cream
with
orwith
outNaH
SO4
1–5%
water
solutio
n
Carbo
xymethy
lcellulose
n>30
0So
lidcontent>3
0%
Degreeof
etherificatio
n:80
%ClassВ:terpenealcoho
l>4
0%
Moisturecontent:<24
%
Ethylsulfon
icsodium
cellu
lose
n=20
0–60
0Insolubles
:<5
%NaC
l:<1
%Moisturecontent:8–10
%
Reactionprod
uctof
sulfiny
lcellu
lose
andchloroethy
lsodium
0.5–
5%
aqueou
ssolutio
n
(con
tinued)
Appendix 185
Tab
leA.2
(con
tinued)
Reagent
Com
ponent
Characteristic
Preparation
App
lication
Sodium
methy
lsulfate
cellu
lose
n=20
0–50
0So
dium
methy
lsulfatecellu
lose
content:>4
0%
Reactionprod
uctof
sulfiny
lcellu
lose
andSO
3
0.5–
5%
water
solutio
n
Sulfurou
scellu
lose
Prod
uctof
paperindu
stry
Polyacrylamide
Polycond
ensatio
nof
acrylonitrile
andacrylamide,
prop
enoicacid
МТУ:po
lyacrylamidecontent:7–
10%
Hyd
rolyzing
acrylonitrile
inH2SO4and
thenpo
lymerization
0.1–
1%
water
solutio
n(add
ingNaO
Hwhen
hydrolyzation
186 Appendix
Tab
leA.3
App
lications
ofregu
lators
(quo
tedfrom
miningchem
icalshand
book
no.26
)
Nam
eState
Dosage
(g/t)
Usage
Adjustio
nof
pHSu
lfide
ore
Nob
lemetal
Non
metallic
ore,
nonsulfide
minerals
Alkali
Lim
ePo
wder
230–23
00Dry
powder
or5%
emulsion
×Depressingthe
floatationof
sulfide
ore,
PbS,
andmarmatite;
depressing
floatatio
nof
copp
erorewith
high
dosage
Depressing
floatationof
gold
ores,
depressing
sulfide
silver
oreweakly
Soda
Powder
230–14
00Dry
powder
or10
%water
solutio
n
×Im
prov
ingthe
dispersibilityof
sulfide
ores,
improv
ingthe
activ
ationof
CuS
O4on
arseno
pyrite
Improv
ingthe
flotatio
nof
noble
metal
Improv
ingtheflo
tatio
nof
scheelite,softeningwater
Alkali-affected
silicate
Solid
orpo
wder
230–14
005–
20%
solutio
n×
Dispersingtheores
and
increasing
thequ
ality
andrecovery,
decreasing
thefoam
viscou
sanddepressing
theflotationof
silicon
andsilicate
Increasing
the
quality
ofconcentrates
Improv
ingtherecovery
NaO
HSo
lid23
0–18
005–
10%
solutio
n×
Improv
ingthe
activ
ationof
copp
ersalt
onarseno
pyrite,
depressing
PbS
Improv
ingthe
recovery
offree
gold
Usedas
alkalin
ityadjustment
Alkali-affected
phosph
ate
Powder
230–90
05–
10%
solutio
nIncreasing
thequ
ality
ofconcentrates,
especially
toiron
oxide
slurry
Improv
ingthe
recovery
ofno
ble
metal
from
slim
med
ores
Increasing
thequ
ality
and
recovery
ofPb
O,
improv
ingtherecovery
ofno
nmetallic
orewhen
usingfatty
acid(con
tinued)
Appendix 187
Tab
leA.3
(con
tinued)
Nam
eState
Dosage
(g/t)
Usage
Adjustio
nof
pHSu
lfide
ore
Nob
lemetal
Non
metallic
ore,
nonsulfide
minerals
Organ
icacid
andinorga
nicacid
H2SO4(sulfuric
acid)
liquid
230–23
0010
%solutio
nIm
prov
ingtherecovery
ofsulfide
ores,
especially
cyanideafter
depressedby
lime
Improv
ingthe
recovery
ofAufrom
pulp
andthickening
pulp
Improv
ingtherecovery
ofiron
oxidewhenusing
mahog
anysulfon
ateas
floatingagent
HF(hyd
rofluo
ric
acid)
Liquid
230–18
00Und
iluted
Depressingmica,
improv
ing
thefloatatio
nof
feldspar
whenusingcatio
nic
collector,
improv
ingtherecovery
ofberyl,ilm
enite,and
chromite
H2PO3
(metapho
spho
ric
acid)
Liquid
230–18
0010
%solutio
nIm
prov
ingtheflo
atation
ofPb
Owhenusing
mecaptobenzothiazole
Citric
acid
Solid
230–90
010
%solutio
n
Lactic
acid
Liquid
230*
–90
010
%solutio
nDepressingthe
floatationof
micawhen
usingFeS
Depressingmica
Cyanide-con
tainingcompo
und
Alkali-affected
cyanide-containing
compo
und
Granu
larity
orplaty
5–23
05%
solutio
nDepressingZnS
and
FeS;
depressing
CuS
,CoS
,andNiS
with
excessive
dosage
DissolvingAuand
Ag
DepressingSiO2andother
silicates
Ferrocyanide,
ferricyanide
Powder
45–90
05%
DepressingFeSfrom
CoS
andNiS
(con
tinued)
188 Appendix
Tab
leA.3
(con
tinued)
Nam
eState
Dosage
(g/t)
Usage
Adjustio
nof
pHSu
lfide
ore
Nob
lemetal
Non
metallic
ore,
nonsulfide
minerals
sulfite
andsulfide
Alkali-affected
sulfite
Powder
230–
1800
5%
DepressingFeS,ZnS
,andbisulfite
SO2(sulfur
diox
ide)
Gas
230–
4500
3%
DepressingFeS,ZnS
;depressing
CuS
accompany
with
cyanide;
streng
theningthe
differentialflo
atationof
CuS
from
Pbsulfide
ore
H2S
(hyd
rogen
sulfide)
Gas
90–90
0Gas
Improv
ingtherecovery
ofsulfide
oreand
precipitatin
gheavy
metal
ion;
depressing
FeS,
CuS
intheseparatio
nof
Cu-Co
ore
DepressingAu,
Ag,
sulfide
ores
and
chloride
Activatinglead
carbon
ate
andcopp
ercarbon
ate;
improv
ingtheflo
atationof
CoO
andVO
Sodium
sulid
esolid
230–
2300
5%
Alkalihy
pochlorite
Powder
230–
900
5%
5%
DepressingCuS
inthe
separatio
nof
Cu–
Co
improv
ingtheseperatio
nof
MgC
O3
Metal
ionsalt
CuS
O4
Granu
larity
90–23
00Dry
orsaturated
solutio
n
ActivatingZnS
,im
prov
ingthe
floatatio
nof
FeSA
s,sm
altite,
FeS,
and
Sb2S
3
Improv
ingthe
recovery
offine-grained
Au
ZnS
O4
Granu
larity
45–13
0010
%DepressingZnS
Improv
ingthe
floatatio
nof
Au
Hg(NO3)2
Granu
larity
45–90
010
%(con
tinued)
Appendix 189
Tab
leA.3
(con
tinued)
Nam
eState
Dosage
(g/t)
Usage
Adjustio
nof
pHSu
lfide
ore
Nob
lemetal
Non
metallic
ore,
nonsulfide
minerals
Chrom
ateand
dichromate
Granu
larity
90–23
0010
%DepressingPb
S;depressing
CuS
and
FeSwith
excessive
dosage
Improv
ingtheflo
atation
ofsm
ithsonitein
company
with
sulfide;
depressing
calcite
and
fluorite;
Ferrou
ssulfateand
ferric
sulfate
Granu
larity
45–90
010
%solutio
nDepressingsulfide
ores
Depressingthe
floatationof
dissociatedAu
Activatingqu
artz,
increasing
therecovery
ofPb
Sdepressedby
chromate;
improv
ingtheseparatio
nof
nonm
etallic
ores;
Pb(N
O3)2
Granu
larity
45–90
05–
10%
ActivatingSb
2S3and
CuS
depressedby
cyanide
Improv
ingthe
recovery
ofpo
lluted
dissociatedAu
Improv
ingtherecovery
ofsilicates
andcarbon
ates
whenusingsoap
asflo
tatio
nreagent;
improv
ingtheseparatio
nof
sodium
saltfrom
alkali
salt;
Pb(CH3C
OO) 2
Al 2(SO4)3
Granu
larity
45–90
05%
Improv
ingtheflo
atation
offeldspar
whenusing
catio
niccollector;
depressing
calcite,fl
uorite,
andsomeother
nonm
etallic
ores;
activ
atingqu
artz;
AlCl 3
Manganate
Granu
larity
45–90
05%
Selectivelydepressing
pyrrho
titeand
arseno
pyrite
inpy
rite;
Perm
anganate
(con
tinued)
190 Appendix
Tab
leA.3
(con
tinued)
Nam
eState
Dosage
(g/t)
Usage
Adjustio
nof
pHSu
lfide
ore
Nob
lemetal
Non
metallic
ore,
nonsulfide
minerals
depressing
sphalerite;
orga
niccollo
idAERO
Depressant61
0Po
wder
0.01–1.0
2.5%
Increasing
thegradeof
concentrates,
depressing
sulfide
ores
with
excessivedo
sage
DepressingAuwith
excessivedo
sage
Depressingcarbon
ate
minerals,talcum
,serpentin
e;dispersing
slim
es
610
0.05–1.0
620
Powder
2.5%
Depressingsulfide
ores
DepressingAuwith
excessivedo
sage
633
Powder
2.5%
Depressingsulfide
ores
DepressingAuwith
excessivedo
sage
CYQ
UEST
3223
Powder
5–23
01–
10%
Increasing
the
selectivity
ofsulfide
ores
Increasing
theselectivity
of nonsulfide
minerals
Antiprecipitator
AEROFOLC
SUPE
RFL
OC
Powder
5–23
00.05
–
1.0%
Increasing
the
selectivity
ofsulfide
ores
Depressinggang
ue;
increasing
theselectivity
Flocculant
Tannin
Powder
5–23
05%
Depressingsulfide
ores
Depressinggo
ldsulfide
oreandsilver
sulfide
orewith
excessivedo
sage
Depressingcalcite
and
dolomite
Tannicacid
Powder
Amylum
Powder
45–45
05%
DepressingPb
Sand
silver
sulfide
orewith
excessivedo
sage
DepressingAuwith
excessivedo
sage
Depressingcarbon
ate
mineralsandtalcum
Gum
Powder
45–45
05%
Con
trollin
ggang
ueslim
eDepressingmicaminerals
Appendix 191
Tab
leA.4
Com
mon
flocculants(O
liver:Eng
andMing16
4(19
63)19
3)
Manufacturerand
reagent
Chemical
compo
sitio
nFu
nctio
nal
mechanism
pHrang
eof
valid
itySo
lutio
nconcentration
Dosage
12
34
56
Allied
chem
ical
corp
Aluminum
sulfate
Al 2(SO4)3•14
H2O
Electrolyte,
cosedimentatio
n5.5–
8.5,
>10.5
5–50
%15
ppm
fortreatin
gwater,
indefinite
forotherpu
rposes
American
cyan
amid
CO
(a)Aerofl
oc55
0(b)Aerofl
oc31
71(c)Su
perfloc
16(d)Su
perfloc
20(e)Aerom
ine31
71(f)Aerosol
3171
(g)Magniflo
c99
0(h)Accurac
24
(a)Hyd
rolyzedpo
lyacrylonitrile
(b)Po
lyacrylamide
(c)Po
lyacrylamide
(d)Po
lyacrylamide
(e)Cationicactiv
eagent
(f)Alcoh
olated
alky
lguanidine
and
aminecomplex
(g)Po
lyacrylamide
(h)Po
lyacrylamide
(a)Bridg
ing
(b)Bridg
ing
(c)Bridg
ing
(d)Bridg
ing
(e)Electrolyte
(f)Electrolyte
71(g)Bridg
ing
(h)Bridg
ing
(a)5–10
(b)Gam
ut(c)Gam
ut(d)Gam
ut(e)Gam
ut(f)Gam
ut(g)Gam
ut(h)3–
10
(a)1%
(b)1%
(c)1%
(d)1%
(e)5–10
%(f)5–
10%
(g)0.1–0.5%
(h)0.1–0.5%
(a)0.5–10
ppm
5–50
0g/t
(b)0.5–
10pp
m5–
500g/t
(c)0.5–10
ppm
5–50
0g/t
(d)0.5–
10pp
m5–
500g/t
(e)50–50
0g/t
(f)50–50
0g/t
(g)0.05
–0.5pp
m(h)0.05
–0.5pp
m
ArnoldHpffmar
&CoInc
Sedo
maxF
Synthetic
organiccomplex
electrolyte
Bridg
ing
5–10
0.05–5%
50–10
00g/t
LetzBab
oratoriesIcn
(a)Po
ly-FlocNo.
3(a)Sy
nthetic
polymer
amide
(a)Bridg
ing
No
restriction
(a)2.5%
(a)10–60
ppm
(b)Po
ly-FlocNo.
4(b)Sy
nthetic
polymer
amide
(b)Bridg
ing
No
restriction
(b)2%
(b)10
–25
ppm
(c)Po
ly-FlocNo.
9(c)Sy
nthetic
organicelectrolyte
(c)Electrolyt
co-coagu
late
No
restriction
(c)5%
(c)1–10
ppm
(con
tinued)
192 Appendix
Tab
leA.4
(con
tinued)
Manufacturerand
reagent
Chemical
compo
sitio
nFu
nctio
nal
mechanism
pHrang
eof
valid
itySo
lutio
nconcentration
Dosage
12
34
56
Burtonite
Co
(a)Burtonite
No.
78(a)End
osperm
ofseedsof
Guar
andothers
ofthesamefamily
(a)Bridg
ing
(a)Gam
ut(a)0.25–
0.5%
(a)2–15
ppm
(b)Clu-Beeds
No.22
(b)Animal
protein
(b)Electrolyt,
co-coagu
late,
bridging
(b)1–
7,6–
10(b)1%
(b)2–
75pp
m
Dow
Chemical
Co
(a)SeparanNP 1
0(a)Acrylam
idesynthetic
polymer
(a)Bridg
ing
Gam
ut0.00
5%
10–75
g/t(for
precipitatio
n);
10–75
g/t(for
filtration);
0.25
–1.0pp
m(for
treatin
gwater)
(b)SeparanNP 2
0(b)Acrylam
idesynthetic
polymer
(b)Bridg
ing
Gam
ut0.00
5%
(c)SeparanAP
30(c)Aminepo
lymer
ofam
ide
(c)Bridg
ing
>70.00
5%
(d)SeparanMGL
(d)Acrylam
idesynthetic
polymer
(d)Bridg
ing
Gam
ut0.00
5%
(e)SeparanPG
2(e)Acrylam
idesynthetic
polymer
(e)Bridg
ing
Gam
ut0.00
5%
(f)SeparanN
P 10PWG
(f)Acrylam
idesynthetic
polymer
(f)Bridg
ing
Gam
ut0.00
5%
E.I.DuPon
tde
Nenou
s&
Co
Grade
7WD
Carbo
xymethy
lcellulose
Co-coagulate
2–10
,4–
61–2%
(storing
)25
–25
0g/t
Sodium
CMC
0.2%(using
)
General
Ana
line&
Film
Corp.
(a)PV
PK
90Po
lyethy
lene
Co-coagulating
complexation
Gam
ut1–20
%(storing
)5–
50g/t
(b)Gantrez
AN
Polyethermaleicanhy
dride
Bridg
ing
complexation
Gam
utApp
ropriate
5pp
m
(con
tinued)
Appendix 193
Tab
leA.4
(con
tinued)
Manufacturerand
reagent
Chemical
compo
sitio
nFu
nctio
nal
mechanism
pHrang
eof
valid
itySo
lutio
nconcentration
Dosage
12
34
56
General
MillsInc
Guartec
Guargu
mBridg
ing
4–12
(a)0.5–1.0%
25–25
0g/t
I.F.Goo
drichChemical
Co
(a)Goo
drichK72
0SWater
solublesynthetic
polymer
Bridg
ing
4–12
0.5–1.0%
<5pp
m(generally)
0.5–
100pp
m(specially)
(b)Goo
drichK72
1S
Hag
anChemical
&Con
trolsInc.
Hagan
coagulant
acids
2,7,11
,18,37
,50,
223,22
4,23
0,23
6,24
0,95
2,etc
7,11
,18,37
:electrolyte,
soap
2,50
,230
:no
nion
ic22
3,23
4:catio
nicelectrolyte
236,24
0,95
2:anionelectrolyte
Bridg
ing,
electrolyte
Gam
ut0.5–
10.0
2,7:
0.5%
11,37:1.5%
18:3%
50:0.5–2.0%
223,22
4:50
%23
0,23
6,24
0:0.2%
952:
rand
om
2:0.06
–0.5pp
m
7:0.25
–0.75
ppm
11:1.3–4pp
m
18:3–15
ppm
37:0.5–5pp
m
50:0.25–1pp
m
223:
0.5–3pp
m
224:
−0.25
–5pp
m
230,
236,
240:
0.3–2pp
m
952:
0.25–8pp
m
HerculesPow
derCo
(a)Kym
ene55
7(a)Cationicpo
lyam
ide
Bridg
ing,
electrolyte
(a)Gam
ut(a)<0
.1%
(a),(b)12
5�100
0g/t(for
paperm
aking)
0.5–
2pp
m(for
treatin
gwater)
(c)10–10
0g/t
(d)1pp
m
(b)Reten
763
(b)Cationicpo
lyam
ide
(b)Gam
ut(b)<0
.1%
(c)Reten
205
(c)Sy
nthetic
solublecatio
nic
polymer
(c)4–10
(c)<0
.05%
(d)HerculesCMC
(d)Carbo
xymethy
lcellulose
(d)4–
7.5
(d)<0
.2%
(con
tinued)
194 Appendix
Tab
leA.4
(con
tinued)
Manufacturerand
reagent
Chemical
compo
sitio
nFu
nctio
nal
mechanism
pHrang
eof
valid
itySo
lutio
nconcentration
Dosage
12
34
56
Hod
agChemical
Corp.
Hod
agflo
cs11
1,11
5,11
8,11
9,12
0,etc
Highpo
lymer(non
ionic,
catio
nic,
anion)
Bridg
ing,
electrolyte,
co-coagu
latin
g
2–12
5%
(for
storing)
1%
(for
using)
0.5–
1.5pp
m
Iona
cChemical
Co.
IonacWisprofl
oc20
Amorph
ousam
ylum
Bridg
ing
3–12
0.5–1.0%
0.5–
5pp
m
Kelco
Co.
(a)KelginW
Algae
Co-coagulating,
bridging
4–11
0.5–1%
(for
storing)
0.05
%(for
using)
0.1–
5pp
m
(b)Kelcosol
KerateneCo.
(a)Keraton
Derivatized
protein
Electrolyte,
bridging
4–8
1–2%
(for
storing)
500–
1000
g/t
(b)KeraFra-16
Mon
santoChemical
Co.
(a)Alumen
(a)Al 2(SO4)3•14
H2O
(a)Co-coagulating,
electrolyte
(a)5–10
.5(a)50
%(a)10–85
ppm
(b)Lytron88
6(b)Po
lymer
polycond
ensate
(b)Bridg
ing,
(b)7.5
(b)1%
(b)7.5pp
m(for
treatin
gwater)
(con
tinued)
Appendix 195
Tab
leA.4
(con
tinued)
Manufacturerand
reagent
Chemical
compo
sitio
nFu
nctio
nal
mechanism
pHrang
eof
valid
itySo
lutio
nconcentration
Dosage
12
34
56
Morning
star-Paisley
Inc.
(a)ArojelM
(a)Manno
galactan
Bridg
ing,
electrolyte
Alarge
scale
(a)–(c),(f)
0.1–1%(for
storing)
(d)–(f)0.5%
(for
storing)
50–10
0-fold
dilutio
n(for
using)
25–25
0g/t
(b)Benifite
50(b)Fabricationmanno
segala
(c)Benifite
104
(c)Fabricationmanno
segala
(d)Benifite
M-8
(d)Starch
amide
(e)Benifite
M-11
(e)Po
lymer
amide
(f)Amylum
(f)Amylum
Nalco
Chemical
Co.
(a)Nalco
No.2
(b)Nalco
600
(c)Nalco
614
(d)Nalco
650
(e)Nalco
680
(f)Nalcolyte
110
(g)Nalcolyte
670
(h)Nalcolyte
605
(a)Liquidsodium
alum
inate
(b)Cationicpo
lymer
(c)Anh
ydrous
sodium
alum
inate
(e)Na 3AlO
3•3H
2O(f)Non
ionicpo
lymer
(g)Non
ionicsuperhigh
molecular
weigh
tpo
lymer
(h)Cationicpo
lymer
(a)–(e):
co-coagu
latin
g(f)–(g):
Bridg
ing
(h):
Co-coagulating,
bridging
(a)4–11
(b)3–
12(c)5–11
(d)2–
12(e)4.5–11
(f)6.5–12
(g)gamut
(h)3–
12
(a)1:2
dilutin
g(b)Verythin
(d)2–6%
(e)2–15
%(f)25
%(g)0.5%
(h)1:10
dilutin
g
(a)2–20
ppm
(b)1–
15pp
m(c)0.2–1.5pp
m(d)8–
10pm
m(e)2–20
ppm
(f)0.2–3.0pp
m(g)5–
500g/t
(h)0.5–
5pp
m
Nationa
lStarch
Produ
ctsInc.
(a)Floc
aid10
38(a),(b)Cationicam
ylum
Bridg
ing
(a),(b)2–
10,3–9
(a),(b)2–3%
(for
storing)
<0.5
%(for
using)
(a),(b)
0.5–
100pp
m(b)Floc
aid10
63
(c)Hoo
asierPearl
(c)Amylum
Bridg
ing
(c)Abo
ut14
(c)10
%(c)5kg
/t
(con
tinued)
196 Appendix
Tab
leA.4
(con
tinued)
Manufacturerand
reagent
Chemical
compo
sitio
nFu
nctio
nal
mechanism
pHrang
eof
valid
itySo
lutio
nconcentration
Dosage
12
34
56
North
American
Mou
gulProdu
ctsCo.
(a)Mou
gulClaracel
Co-98
0(a)Non
ionicactiv
ated
biocolloid
(b),(d)Non
ionicpo
lyacrylamide
(c)Cationicactiv
ated
biocolloid
(e)Anion
polyacrylamide
(a),(c)Co-
coagulating,
bridging
(b),(d),(e)bridging
(a)5.0–
10.5
(b)2–
12(c)4
.0–8.0
(d)2–
12(e)6–12
1–5%
0.5–
5pp
m(for
treatin
gwater)
2–20
ppm
(b)Mou
gulClaracel
Co-98
1
(c)Mou
gulClaracel
Co-98
2
(d)Mou
gulClaracel
Co-98
3
(e)Mou
gulClaracel
Co-98
4
Penik
&FordLtdInc.
(a)Dou
glas
CZPearl
Starch
(b)PenfordGum
s20
0&30
0(c)Dou
glas
No.50
2Canary
Dextrine
(d)Astro
Gum
21
(a)Cornstarch
(b)Cornstarch
derivativ
esof
ethy
leneox
ide
(c)Cornam
ylod
extrin
(d)Anion
starch
Co-coagulatingof
electrolyte
(a)4.5–10
(b)4.5–
10(c)4.5–10
(d)4–
7
5%
(a)12
5–75
0g/t
(b)10
0–75
00g/t
(c)10
0–20
0g/t
(d)0.5–
10kg
/t
PennsaltChemical
Corp.
(a)Alumen
(a)Al 2(SO4)3•14
H2O
Co-coagulating,
electrolyte
(a)5–10
.5(b)3–
11(a)50
%(b)39–45
%(a)10–85
ppm
(b)7pp
m(for
treatin
gwater)
500–
1000
ppm
(b)Ferric
chloride
(b)FeCl 3
(con
tinued)
Appendix 197
Tab
leA.4
(con
tinued)
Manufacturerand
reagent
Chemical
compo
sitio
nFu
nctio
nal
mechanism
pHrang
eof
valid
itySo
lutio
nconcentration
Dosage
12
34
56
Peter
Coo
perCorp.
(a)PeterCoo
per
StdIx
Proteincollo
id,long
-chain
anim
alglue
from
rawhide
Electrolyte,
bridging
1.0–
11.0
0.25–10
%15
0–72
5g/t
(b)Zetex
(c)Zeten
(d)Zetor-A
,B
(e)Zequa
(f)PeterCoo
perStd.
13/4
Philadeph
iaQua
rtizCo.
N-Sol
A,B,C,D
Activated
silicagel
Co-coagulating,
electrolyte
4.5–
6.5
Rando
m10
20pp
m
Roh
m&
Haa
sCo.
(a)Prim
afloc
C-3
Cationicpo
lyam
ine
Electrolyte,
bridging
140.01–1%
(b)Prim
afloc
C-5
Sand
ozInc.
(a)Su
pernatineS
Anion
sulfon
ated
glyceride
Bridg
ing
4.5–
72%
10.2
ppm
(b)Su
pernatineT
Anion
collo
id1%
5–20
ppm
Stau
fferChemical
CO.
(a)Con
solA
Processedgo
odsof
anim
alglia
Electrolyte,
bridging
4.5–
6.5
0.1–0.5%
25–25
0g/t
(b)Con
solC
Animal
glia
4.5–
7.5
500–
1000
g/t
(con
tinued)
198 Appendix
Tab
leA.4
(con
tinued)
Manufacturerand
reagent
Chemical
compo
sitio
nFu
nctio
nal
mechanism
pHrang
eof
valid
itySo
lutio
nconcentration
Dosage
12
34
56
SteinHall&
CoInc
Jagu
arGuargu
m(non
ionicmanno
segala)
Bridg
ing,
electrolyte
0.3–
13.0
0.25–0.5%
(for
storing)
0.01–0.1%
(for
using)
5–50
0g/t
0.2–
20pp
m
Swift
&Co
(a)Colloid
SVF
Derivates
ofanim
alprotein
Electrolyte,
bridging
4.5–
8.5
0.5–2%
(for
storing)
500–
1000
g/t
(b)P.
M.Colloid
No.
4V
(c)Colloid
2VF
(d)Proteincollo
id69
,70,21
85
Tenn
esseeCorp.
Ferric
Floc
Fe2(SO
4)3�3
H2O
Electrolyte
Gam
ut25
%5–
170pp
m
Union
Carbide
Chemical
Co.
(a)Po
lyox
Non
ionichigh
polyox
yethylene
Bridg
ing
1.7–
10.1
0.1–0.25
%1–
500pp
m20
–20
00g/t
(b)UCAR
Pesin
C-149
Cationicpo
lymer
Bridg
ing,
electrolyte
3.0–
10.0
0.5–1.5
10–20
000g/t
Appendix 199
Tab
leA.5
Reagent
system
sfortheflotationof
oxideminerals
Mineral
Form
ula
pHregulator
Depressant
Activator
Maincollector
Frother
Assistcollector
Assistagentfor
separatio
n
12
34
56
78
9
Alumstone
KAl 3(O
H) 6(SO4)2
Na 2SiO3or
H2SO4
Excess
Na 2SiO3
Fatty
acids
R-765,R-800
Aerofroth
(alcohol),
cresylic
acids
Apatite
Ca 5(F,Cl)(PO4)3
NaO
H,
Na 2CO3
Causticstarch,
HF,
lacticacid
OilacidsandTaoil
R-710,765,
845
Alcohols,
pine
oil
Barite
BaSO4
Na 2CO3,
Na 2SiO3
AlCl 3,FeCl 3,
Barium
salt,
lead
salt
R-710,765,
825,
830,
840,845,
oilacidsand
sulfates
Alcohols,
pine
oil,
cresylic
acid
Aerosol
surfactant
Na 2SiO3,citric
acid
Beauxite
Aluminum
hydroxides
NaO
H,
polyphosphate
R-810,825,
oil
acids
Alcohols
Kerosene
Beryl
Be 3Al 2Si
6O18
Separatin
gmicaafter
water
scrubbing
H2SO4
Pb(N
O3)2
R-710,765,
801,
825,
amine,oilacids
and
sulfonates
HF
Black
sand
Ilmenite,azurite,
rutile
R-710,765,
825,
840,845
Alcohols
5# diesel
Deslim
ing
Borax
Na 2B4O
7BaC
l 2,lead
salt
fatty
acids
toluidine,
xylid
ine,
pyridine
toluidine
starch,dextrin,
tannin
Brookite
TiO
2Na 2SiO3
Starch,NaO
HFatty
acids,R701
5# diesel
Hydrotalcite
Mg(OH) 2
Productio
nof
dithiocarbonateand
Pb,Tl
Alcohols,
cresylic
acid
Acacia,
polyphosphate
Calcite
CaC
O3
Na 2CO3
Tannin,
Na 2SiO3,
dichromate
Hot
orepulp
R-710,765,
oil
acids,fatty
acid
residue
Alcohols
R610
(con
tinued)
200 Appendix
Tab
leA.5
(con
tinued)
Mineral
Form
ula
pHregulator
Depressant
Activator
Maincollector
Frother
Assistcollector
Assistagentfor
separatio
n
12
34
56
78
9
Carbonaceous
shale
Silicate
600#
depressor
diesel,kerosene
alcohols,
pine
oil,
Cassiterite
SnO2
H2SO4
lime,
tannin,
BaC
l 2R-830,845 ,
phosphoric
acid,
arsonicacid,
sulfonated
succinic
acid
alcohol
cresylic
acid
Na 2SiO3
Celestite
SrSO
4Na 2CO3,
Na 2SiO3
Tannin
R-710,765,
825,
830,
845oilacids
Alcohols,
pine
oil,
Chrom
iteFeCr 2O4
H2SO4
Deslim
ing,
phosphom
olybdic
acid,
phosphotungstic
acid
R-825,fatty
acid,
fatty
amine
Alcohols,
pine
oil,
5# diesel
HF,
H2SO4,
silico-fluoride
Clay
Analcite
silicate
hydrategel
Acidity,p
H=7
Na 2SiO3
Amines,catio
nic
collector,R870
Alcohols,
pine
oil,
Diesel,pyridine
Flocculant
Superfloc
127N
100
Coal
Hydrocarbon,carbon
Natural
pHTannin
Diesel,kerosene
Alcohols,
pine
oil,
Na 2SiO3
Cobaltoxides
CoO
(OH)
Na 2SiO3
BaS,hotorepulp
Dith
iocarbonate
Alcohols,
pine
oil,
Colem
anite
Ca 2b 6O115H
2ONaO
H,
H2SO4
BaC
l 2,lead
salt
Fatty
acid
R-801,
825
Toluidine,
xylid
ine,
pyridine
Toluidine
Starch,dextrin,
tannin
Corundum
Al 2O3
Excessacid
R-710,765
oil
acids,R-800
Alcohols,
pine
oil,
Cryolite
Na 3AlF
6CuS
O4
R-710,765
oilacids
Alcohols
Dolom
iteCaM
g(CO3)2
Alumen,
tannin
R-710,765
fatty
acids
Alcohols
Feldspar
(Na,K,Ca)AlSi 3O8
HF
HF
Cationicam
ine
collectors
Alcohols
(con
tinued)
Appendix 201
Tab
leA.5
(con
tinued)
Mineral
Form
ula
pHregulator
Depressant
Activator
Maincollector
Frother
Assistcollector
Assistagentfor
separatio
n
12
34
56
78
9
Iron
tungstate
FeWO4
NaO
H,
H2SO4
R-765,825
oilacids
Alcohols,
pine
oil
Na 2SiO3,H2SO4
Fluorite
CaF
2Na 2CO3,
Na 2SiO3
Citric
acid,
BaC
l 2,
alum
inate
Hot
orepulp
R-765,723,845
oil
acids
Alcohols,
pine
oil,
cresylic
acid
Tannin,
Na 2SiO3,
dichromate
Garnet
Ferrous,magnesium
,manganese,
alum
inum
,calcium,
chromium
silicate
H2SO4
pH3*
4Excessacid
Acidmedium
R-801,825
F-77
Fuel
oil
Acid
Graphite
CNa 2CO3
600#
starch
Fuel
oil,kerosene
Pine
oil,
F-77
Pinecone
oil
HF,
Na 2SiO3
Gypsum
CaSO42HO
Saturatedsalt
water
H2SO4,
anim
alglue,
tannin
R-710,765,cationic
collector,sulfate,
R845
Pine
oil,
F-77,
cresylic
acid
Alumen
Halite
NaC
lpH
5*6
Polyphosphate
Bismuthsaltor
lead
salt
R-710
,fatty
acids,
naphthenic
acid
Sulfate
Amphibole
Calcium
,sodium
,magnesium
,ferrous
silicate
Na 2CO3,
H2SO4
H2SO4
R-801,825
Manganese
tungstate
MnW
O4
Acidor
alkalin
emedium
R-710,765,825,
oilacids
Alcohols,
pine
oil,
Aerosol
surfactant
Ilmenite,
FeO-TiO
2Na 2CO3
Caustic
starch
R-710,765,8
25,o
ilacids,naphthenic
acid,fuel
oil
Alcohols,
pine
oil,
HF,
Na 2SO
4,NaF
Ferrousoxides
Fe2O
3,Fe
3O4,
FeCO3
pH3*
5Tannin,
phosphate
Acidmedium
R-825,830,
845,
899
Fuel
oil
Ore
pulp (con
tinued)
202 Appendix
Tab
leA.5
(con
tinued)
Mineral
Form
ula
pHregulator
Depressant
Activator
Maincollector
Frother
Assistcollector
Assistagentfor
separatio
n
12
34
56
78
9
Jarosite
KFe
3(OH) 6(SO4)2
Na 2CO3
Na 2S
Dodecyl
dithiocarbonateor
capryl
dithiocarbonate
Alcohols,
pine
oil
H2SO4
Kyanite
Al 2SiO5
NaO
HOre
pulp
R-710,765,8
25,o
ilacids
Alcohols,
pine
oil
Aerosol
H2SO4
Magnesite
MgC
O3
Natural
pHCausticstarch,
tannin
R-710,765,oil
acids,naphthenic
acid
Alcohols
Alumen,tannin,
phosphate
Manganese
oxide
MnO
2,MnO
(OH)
Na 2CO3,
Na 2SiO3
Phosphate,
tannin
R-710,765,fatty
acids,acid
sludge,
blackliq
uidsoap
Alcohols
Fuel
oil,kerosene
Mica
Com
plex
silicate
H2SO4
600#,HF,
starch,gum,
lactic
acid,
Na 2SiO3
Leadsalt
R-810,825,am
ine,
catio
niccollector,
alkalin
eresin
Alcohols,
pine
oil,
cresylic
acid
25# ,31
#
dithiophosphates
Aluminum
salt,
polyphosphate
Monazite
(Ce,La,Di)PO
4Na 2CO3,
Na 2SiO3
Strong
acid
R-710,oilacids
Alcohols,
pine
oil
Leopoldite
KCl
Saturated
liquid
Cationiccollector
Cresylic
acid,
Aerofroth
70,71A
Guargum,starch,
dextrin
Quartz
SiO2
Natural
pHNa 2SiO3,HF,
H2SO4
Amine,
catio
nic
collector
Alcohol,
pine
oil
Fuel
oil,kerosene
Rhodochrosite
MnC
O3
Na 2CO3
Excess
Na 2SiO3
Dodecyl
dithiocarbonateor
capryl
dithiocarbonate
Alcohols,
pine
oil
NaO
H,Na 2SiO3
(con
tinued)
Appendix 203
Tab
leA.5
(con
tinued)
Mineral
Form
ula
pHregulator
Depressant
Activator
Maincollector
Frother
Assistcollector
Assistagentfor
separatio
n
12
34
56
78
9
Rutile
TiO
2Acidmedium
R-710,765
oilacid,
800#
Alcohols
Scheelite
CaW
O4
Na 2CO3,
Na 2SiO3
Excess
Na 2SiO3and
tannin
R-710,765,
825,
845,
oilacid
Alcohols
Aerosol
18,OT
Tannin
Sillimanite
Al 2O3SiO
2Na 2CO3,
H2SO4
R-710,825,
oil
acid,anionwettin
gagents
Alcohols
Aerosol
H2SO4
(choiceness)
Lepidolite
(LiNa)Al(SiO3)2
Natural
pHor
acidity
600#,HF,
starch,dextrin
R-765,825,oilacid
Alcohols
Aerosol
NaO
H(clean
ore)
H2SO4
(choiceness)
Strontium
carbonate
SrCO3
Natural
pHTannin
R-710,7
65,845,o
ilacid
Alcohols
Sulfur
SLim
eAerofroth
73# ,14
# ,25
#
dithiophosphates
Alcohols,
pine
oil
Cresylic
acid
Na 2SiO3,
phosphate,
silico-fluoride
Soapstone
H2M
g 3Si
4O12
Natural
pH600#,gum,
dextrin,
alum
en
R-801,825,cationic
collector,short
chainof
amine
Alcohols,
pine
oil
Fuel
oil,kerosene
Polyphosphate
pitchblende
U3O
8FeCl 3
amine,
fatty
acid
alcohols
Vanadinite
PbClV
3O12
Na 2CO3
Na 2S,
CuS
O4
R-404,710,
dithiocarbonate
alcohols
25#
dithiophosphates
Vermiculite
Metam
orphism
ofmica
H2SO4
600#,starch,
gum,
Amine
Alcohols,
pine
oil,
cresylic
acid
25#,31
#
dithiophosphates,
fuel
oil
Aluminum
salt
Wolfram
ine
(Fe,
Mn)
WO4
Acidity
orneutral
Coppersalt
R-710,7
65,825,o
ilacid
Alcohols
Fuel
oil
Zirconite
ZrSiO
4Acidity
R-765,825,oilacid
Alcohols
Acid
204 Appendix