NSi P
PHO
HO
OH
OH
O
OMetal Scavenging
with SiliaMetS® AMPA
Application Note :
SiliaMetS AMPA PN : R85130BScavenger Name : Si-Aminopropyl-N1N-Bis (methyl phosphonic acid) ; Si-AMPA ; ((propylazanediyl)bis(methylene))diphosphonic acid grafted silica
Chemical Formula : Si-C5H12NO6P2
Description : Metal Scavenger
Particle Size*: 40 - 63 µm
Pore Diameter*: 60 Å
Surface Area : 480 - 550 m2/g
Pore Volume : 0.70 - 0.85 g/mL
Molecular Loading : ≥ 0.80 mmol/g
Typical Tap Density : 707 g/L
Appearance : Yellow
Solvent Compatibility : All solvents, organic and aqueous
Prolonged Storage : Keep dry
Shelf-Life : 1 year
AbstractEffectively eliminates Iron, Copper, Zinc, Manganese, Lanthanides, Antimony and Nickel.
SiliaMetS AMPA is a silica-supported Aminomethylalkylphosphonic acid ligand.
It is our best scavenger for the scavenging of Antimony (Sb), Nickel (Ni), Manganese (Mn), Lanthanides (La) and Vanadium (V). It is especially strong for the chelating of Cerium (Ce).
*Other silica matrices available on request
NH2 P OH
OH
O
HON
N
OH
OH
O OH
O
O
O
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Cesium Barium Lanthanides
Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinides
Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium
*Lanthanides
**Actinides
1 (IA) 18 (VIIIA)
2 (IIA)
-259.14-252.87
2.2-1,1
H1.00791
0.089
3 (IIIB) 4 (IVB) 5 (VB) 6 (VIB) 7 (VIIB) 8 (VIII) 9 (VIII) 10 (VIII) 11 (IB) 12 (IIB)
13 (IIIA) 14 (IVA) 15 (VA) 16 (VIA) 17 (VIIA)
180.541347
1.01
Li6.9413
0.534
97.81882.9
1.01
Na22.99011
0.971
63.357740.9
1
K39.09819
0.86
12782970
1.52
Be9.01224
1.85
648.81090
1.22
Mg24.30512
1.738
8391484
1.02
Ca40.07820
1.55
38.896880.9
1
Rb85.46837
1.532
28.40678.4
0.91
Cs
Fr
132.9155
1.873
276770.9
1
223.0287
7691384
1.02
Sr87.6238
2.54
7251640
1.02
Ba137.3356
3.5
7001140
1.02
Ra226.0388
5.0
15412831
1.23
Sc44.95621
2.99
15223338
1.13
Y88.90639
4.47
**89-103
16603287
1.33,4
Ti47.8822
4.54
18524377
1.24
Zr91.22440
6.51
22274602
1.24
Hf178.4972
13.3
Rf261.11104
18903380
1.52,3,4,5
V50.94223
6.11
24684742
1.23,5
Nb92.90641
8.57
29965425
1.35
Ta180.9573
16.6
18572672
1.62,3,6
Cr51.99624
7.19
26174612
1.32,3,4,5,6
Mo95.9442
10.2
34105660
1.42,3,4,5,6
W183.8474
19.3
7993426
1.13,4
Ce140.1258
6.66
9313512
1.13,4
Pr140.9159
6.77
10213068
1.13
Nd144.2460
7.00
11682460
1.13
Pm146.9261
7.26
17504790
1.14
Th232.0490
11.7
1600
1.14,5
Pa231.0491
15.4
11323818
1.23,4,5,6
U238.0392
19.0
6403902
1.23,4,5,6
Np237.0593
20.2
6413232
1.23,4,5,6
Pu244.0694
19.8
10771791
1.12,3
Sm150.3662
7.52
31805627
1.52,4,7
186.2175
21.0
8221597
1.02,3
Eu151.9663
5.24
9942607
1.23,4,5,6
A m243.0695
13.7
21724877
1.47
Tc
Re
98.90643
11.5
12441962
1.62,3,4,6,7
Mn54.93825
7.43
15352750
1.62,3,6
Fe55.84526
7.86
23103900
1.43,4,8
Ru101.0744
12.4
30455027
1.52,3,4,6,8
Os190.2376
22.6
14952870
1.62,3
Co58.93327
8.9
19663697
1.51,2,3,4
Rh102.9145
12.4
24304430
1.61,2,3,4,6
Ir192.2277
22.4
13133266
1.13
Gd157.2564
7.90
1340
1.23,4
Cm247.0796
13.51.23,4
Bk247.0797
141.23,4
Cf251.0898
1.23
Es252.0899
1.23
Fm257.18100
1.23
Md258.01101
2,3
No259.10102
3
Lr262.11103
13563123
1.13,4
Tb158.9365
8.23
14122562
1.13
Dy162.5066
8.55
14742695
1.13
Ho164.9367
8.80
14972900
1.13
Er167.2668
9.07
15451947
1.12,3
Tm168.9369
9.32
8191094
1.12,3
Yb173.0470
6.97
16633395
1.13
Lu174.9771
9.84
14532732
1.82,3
Ni58.69328
8.90
10832567
1.81,2
Cu63.54629
8.96
419.69071.7
2
Zn65.3930
7.13
15523140
1.42,4
Pd106.4246
12.0
10642807
1.41,3
Au196.9779
19.3
17723827
1.42,4
Pt195.0878
21.4
961.92212
1.41,2
Ag107.8747
10.5
320.97651.5
2
Cd112.4148
8.65
-38.841356.6
1.51,2
Hg200.5980
13.5
303.51457
1.41,3
Tl204.3881
11.85
271.31560
1.73,5
Bi208.9883
9.75
2549621.8
2,4,6
Po209.9884
9.32
3023372.0
-1,1,3,5,7
At209.9985
11.3
-71-61.8Rn
222.0286
9.73
156.52080
1.53
In114.8249
7.31
232.02270
1.72,4
Sn118.7150
7.31
29.782403
1.83
Ga69.72331
5.904
630.71750
1.8-3,3,5
Sb121.7651
6.69
937.42830
2.04
Ge72.6132
5.32
449.59902.0
-2,4,6
Te127.6052
6.24
660.372467
1.53
Al26.98213
2.699
20792550
2.03
B10.8115
2.34
33674827
2.5-4,2,4
C12.0116
2.25
14102355
1.74
Si28.08614
2.33
113.5184.4
2.2-1,1,3,5,7
I126.9053
4.93
-111.9-107.1Xe
131.2954
5.85
8176132.2
-3,3,5
As74.92233
5.73
217684.9
2.5-2,4,6
Se78.9634
4.79
-7.258.78
2.7-1,1,3,5,7
Br79.90435
3.12
-156.6-152.3Kr83.8036
3.71
44.12802.1
-3,3,5
P30.97415
1.82
-209.86-195.8
3.1-3,2,3,4,5
N14.0077
1.25
-218.4-182.96
3.5-2,-1
O15.9998
1.43
112.8444.67
2.4-2,2,4,6
S32.06616
2.07
-219.62-188.14
4.1-1
F18.9989
1.69
-100.98-34.6
2.8-1,1,3,5,7
Cl35.45317
3.21
<-272.2-268.93He
4.00262
0.17
-248.67-246.05Ne20.1810
0.90
-189.2-185.7Ar
39.94818
1.78
Db262.11105
Sg266.12106
Bh264.12107
Hs269.13108
Mt268.14109
Ds271.15110
Rg272.15111
Cn285112
9213457
1.13
La138.9157
6.145
Lanthanum
*57-71
10503200
1.03
Ac227.0389
10.1
Actinium
Ununquadium
Uuq289114
Ununhexium
Uuh289116
Ununoctium
Uuo293118
Ununtrium Ununpentium Ununseptium
Uus293117
Uup291115
Uuo287113
327.51740
1.62,4
207.282
11.4
Pb
Best scavenger
Good scavenger
SiliCycle Application Noteswww.SiliCycle.com | [email protected]
Description • Scavengers are our class of functionalized silica that exhibit
ability to bond (that is, to “scavenge”) various metal compounds or organic molecules dissolved in solution.
• Recently, the need to carry out more challenging coupling reactions has resulted in the development of more advanced catalysts and the use of many different metals.
• Hence, more and more sophisticated scavengers are needed, with improved chelating properties for more than just standard transition metals (Pd, Pt, etc.).
• SiliaMetS AMPA is a silica-supported aminoalkylphosphonic acid ligand : it has an aminopropyl linker and two (2) methylphosphonic acid functional groups.
• It is a function known for its good metal chelating abilities.
• SiliaMetS AMPA is the first AMPA silica-supported on the market and a very powerful tool to scavenge Lanthanides, but it is also very potent for metals such as Aluminium, Antimony, Cobalt, Copper, Iron, Manganese, Nickel, Vanadium, and Zinc.
• Its chemical structure is reminiscent of EDTA (Scheme 1).
Typical Applications and UsesTypical applications include – but not limited to – the following reactions and/or the following catalysts scavenging (Table 1)
Reactions / Catalysts Metal / Catalyst to be scavenged
Pudovik reaction LaCl3
Biginelli pyrimidone synthesis LaCl3 or CoCl3
Binol catalyst La-BINOL
Fischer indole synthesis Zn
Friedel-crafts acylation Zn
Lactonisations Mn
Mannich-type reactions Zn, La
Table 1 : Scavenging activity for metals by SiliaMetS AMPA
Si-AMPA is not suitable and should not be used for precious metals (Ru, Rh, Pd & Pt). SiliCycle developed scavengers especially for these metals with stronger chelating compatibilities : Si-Cysteine, Si-DMT, Si-TAAcONa, Si-Thiol, Si-Thiourea (please refer to our scavenger portfolio p. 6).
Lanthanides are widely used in organic synthesis and for a wide range of biological, medicinal and synthetic applications, such as metallurgical applications, oil refining industry, ceramics etc. They have been used to impart strength, hardness, and inertness to structural materials. Furthermore, they are known to remove oxygen and sulphur impurities from systems.
Our SiliaMetS AMPA is the first silica-supported AMPA on the market, and it is produced in large scale at our state-of-the-art facilities.
AMPA
EDTA
Scheme 1
This screening, as well as the reactions in our case studies were all successfully conducted using SiliCycle MiniBlock®, a unique and powerful tool designed for parallel synthesis, quick screenings and optimization studies.
3
Preliminary ScreeningMetal complex solutions were solubilized in dimethylformamide (DMF) and shaken with four (4) molar equivalents of SiliaMetS AMPA at room temperature (22°C). Residual concentrations of metals were measured by ICP-OES.
Complex MetalScavenging efficiency in %
4 h at 22°C 8 h at 22°C 16 h at 22°C
Cu(OTf)2 Cu 64 86 94
Ca(OTf)2 Ca 78 51 67
LaCl3 La 61 91 65
Zn(OAc)2 Zn >99 >99 >99
FeCl3 Fe 79 98 77
CeCl3 Ce 80 95 84
Mn(OAc)2 Mn >99 >99 >99
Al(NO3)3 Al 70 91 83
Grubb1s Ru 17 - -
RhCl(PPh3)3 Rh 11 - -
Pd(PPn3)4 Pd 41 49 -
H2PtCl6 Pt 39 - -
Table 2 : SiliaMetS AMPA scavenging efficiency (%) toward various metal complexes.
Note : Scavenging were performed in DMF, using 4 molar equivalents.
As stated in Table 2, SiliaMetS AMPA was tested with several metallic complexes in DMF. Ce, La, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn and Al were well retained by the scavenger, as precious metal (Ru, Rh, Pd and Pt) were poorly chelated.
Typical Experimental Procedures in Batch Reactor Mode (Bulk)For initial screening, start with 4 - 8 molar equivalents of SiliaMetS in respect to the residual metal concentration
1.Dissolve the crude product to be treated in a suitable solvent (or use directly the crude reaction mixture) and prepare vials containing the same solution volume.
2. Directly add your chosen SiliaMetS to these vials.1
3. For initial tests, stir the solution for at least one hour at room temperature.
4.
Scavenging progress can be followed by normal analytical techniques.
The scavenging progress can also be estimated by looking the color of the solution, as demonstrated in the picture below.
When the scavenging is almost complete, the solution is generally less colored and SiliaMetS becomes colored itself. In some occasional cases, if all the samples are still colored, try one or all of the following : let them react for a longer period of time ; add more equivalents of the SiliaMetS, increase the temperature of the reaction. Keep in mind that colors can come from other factors unrelated to the impurities.
5. At the end of the scavenging, filter off the SiliaMetS using a fritted funnel or filtration device.
6.Wash the SiliaMetS with additional solvent for total recovery of the API (or compound of interest) and concentrate the solution under vacuum.
7.Analyze the residual metal concentration of each vial to identify the most efficient SiliaMetS Metal Scavenger. (More than one can be chosen.)
8. Direct scale-up is possible. Otherwise, scavenging optimization can be examined
1 Note : no pre - wetting of the SiliaMetS is required.
Please keep in mind that the above procedures are standard and introductory, and that optimization of conditions is key to optimal results.
Figure 1. Graph represents residual concentration (%) of Pd(OAc)2 with SiliaMetS Thiol in DMF.
Figure 3
Figure 2
SiliCycle Application Noteswww.SiliCycle.com | [email protected]
Experiment Optimization If, upon completion of the screening procedure, the scavenging is not complete or you wish to either reduce the number of equivalents or the reaction time, optimization steps can be undertaken.Various parameters can be changed one at a time or simultaneously to improve the metal removal efficiency.Note : you can mix multiple scavengers to get superior efficiency.
Number of SiliaMetS or SiliaBond EquivalentsFor initial screening experiments we suggest 4 - 8 molar equivalents for SiliaMetS and 2 - 4 molar equivalents for SiliaBond be used in respect to the residual impurities concentration of each scavengers. Once the preferred scavenger is identified, further optimization can be done to reduce the number of equivalents used (typically down to 2 - 4 equivalents).
Subsequent Treatments with SiliaMetS or SiliaBondIn some cases (equilibrium process or the presence of multiple species), multiple treatments with our scavengers is suitable instead of a single treatment with a larger amount.For optimal results, filtration between each treatment can allow for a higher scavenging efficiency.
TemperatureIn initial screening, we suggest the scavenging experiments be run at room temperature. Usually, scavenging is completed after one hour to four hours. However, when shorter scavenging times are required, higher scavenging rates can be achieved by increasing the temperature. SiliaMetS and SiliaBond can be safely used at elevated temperature without degradation and can be added either at room temperature or directly to a warm solution.
SolventSiliaMetS and SiliaBond can safely be used in a wide range of organic and aqueous solvents commonly used in laboratory and in process, such as DMF, DMSO, THF, 2-butanone, alcohols, ethers, chlorinated solvent, etc. As demonstrated in figures 2 and 3, the nature of the solvent does sometimes influence scavenging efficiency. If scavenging or kinetics are too slow, changing solvent or adding a co-solvent should be considered.
Mixing RateOur scavengers are mechanically stable and offer excellent scavenging efficiency in batch processes agitated by overhead stirrers as well as orbital shaking under low to moderate agitation rates.If required, mixing rates can be increased to get better scavenging results. With faster stirring, you improve the scavenger dispersion in solution.
Reaction TimeIn some cases, where increasing the temperature is impossible, longer contact time with the scavenger can allow higher scavenging efficiency.
pH of the Aqueous SolutionWhen the scavenging is done in aqueous solutions, it is possible to use our scavengers in a pH range of 2 to 12. Depending on the nature of the scavenging agent, pH can modify the functional groups present on the scavengers by charging them. Scavenging can be affected (i.e, amine groups in acidic conditions).
SiliaMetS or SiliaBond Format (Mode Used)One advantage of our scavengers is their compatibility with various technologies. They can be used in batch, in fixed bed (SPE or Flash cartridges), in flow chemistry, or in microwave. Scavenging efficiency can be improved by changing the mode used.
5
Ordering Information
SiliaMetS AMPA Bulk Ordering Information
PN Formats
R85130B 5 g, 10 g, 25 g, 50 g, 100 g, 250 g, 500 g, 1k g, 5 kg, 10 kg, 25 kg, …up to multi - ton scale.
SiliaMetS AMPA is Also Available in Fixed Bed Mode (SPE or Flash Cartridges)
SiliaSep™ AMPA Flash Cartridges Ordering Information
PN Sorbent weight Qty / box PN Sorbent weight Qty / box
FLH-R85130B-ISO04 4 g 2 FLH-R85130B-IS120 120 g 1
FLH-R85130B-ISO12 12 g 1 FLH-R85130B-IS220 220 g 1
FLH-R85130B-ISO25 25 g 1 FLH-R85130B-IS330 330 g 1
FLH-R85130B-ISO40 40 g 1 FLH-R85130B-IS750 800 g 1
FLH-R85130B-ISO80 80 g 1 FLH-R85130B-I1500 1600 g 1
SiliaSep™ OT (Open Top) AMPA Cartridges Ordering Information
PN Sorbent weight Volume Qty / box PN Sorbent weight Volume Qty / box
FLH-R85130B-15U 2 g 12 mL 20 FLH-R85130B-95K 25 g 150 mL 10
FLH-R85130B-70Y 10 g 70 mL 16 FLH-R85130B-95M 50 g 150 mL 10
FLH-R85130B-70i 15 g 70 mL 16 FLH-R85130B-95N 70 g 150 mL 10
FLH-R85130B-70Z 20 g 70 mL 16 FLH-R85130B-276F 100 g 276 mL 12
SiliaPrep™ AMPA SPE Cartridges Ordering Information
PN Sorbent weight Volume Qty / box PN Sorbent weight Volume Qty / box
SPE-R85130B-03G 200 mg 3 mL 50 SPE-R85130B-06S 1 g 6 mL 50
SPE-R85130B-03P 500 mg 3 mL 50 SPE-R85130B-06U 2 g 6 mL 50
SPE-R85130B-06P 500 mg 6 mL 50 SPE-R85130B-20X 5 g 25 mL 20
New to this Technology ? Our Kits Have Specially Been Designed for New UsersIf you wish to try this technology for the first time, we strongly suggest to try a SiliaMetS Metal Scavenger kit for screening purposes, since most sample matrices have different functionalities and affinities.
SiliaMetS NOVEL Metal Scavengers Kit Ordering Information
PN List of SiliaMetS included in kit Formats
K34530B AMPA, DEAM, DMT, Guanidine and Thiol 5 g, 10 g, 25 g, 50 g, 100 g (custom formats available)
SiliCycle Application Noteswww.SiliCycle.com | [email protected]
SiliaMetS Metal Scavengers Portfolio
SiliaMetS / SiliaBond Structure Brief description Metals removed 1 Typical characteristics 2, 3
SiliaMetS Thiol
PN : R51030B Loading : ≥ 1.20 mmol/g Endcapping : Yes
SHSi
SiliaMetS Thiol is our most versatile and robust metal scavenger for a variety of metals under a wide range of conditions. It has been used in pharmaceutical processes up to production scale.
Ag, Hg, Os, Pd+2 & Pd0
Cu, Ir, Pb, Rh+1, Rh+2, Rh+3 & Sn
Color : White Density : 682 g/L Solvent Compatibility : 1 Prolonged Storage : 1 Shelf Life : 2 Years
SiliaMetS DMT
PN : R79030B Loading : ≥ 0.50 mmol/g Endcapping : Yes
NH
Si N
NN
SH
SH SiliaMetS DMT is the silica - bound equivalent of 2,4,6 - trimercaptotriazine (trithiocyanuric acid, TMT). It is a versatile metal scavenger for a variety of metals and the preferred metal scavenger for ruthenium catalysts and hindered Pd complexes ( i.e. Pd( dppf )Cl2 ).
Ir, Ni, Os, Pd+2, Pd0, Pt, Rh+1, Rh+2, Rh+3 & Ru
Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Sc & Zn
Color : Light brown Density : 732 g/L Solvent Compatibility : 1 Prolonged Storage : 1 Shelf Life : 2 Years
SiliaBond Amine
PN : R52030B Loading : ≥ 1.20 mmol/g Endcapping : Yes
NH2Si
Better known for their electrophile scavenging efficiencies, and their base reagent qualities, SiliaMetS Amine, Diamine and Triamine are also proven scavengers for metals. They are very useful for scavenging Pd, Pt, Cr, W and Zn.
Cd, Cr, Pt, Rh+1 & Rh+2
Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, Pd+2, W & Zn
Color : Off - white Density : 700 g/L Solvent Compatibility : 1 Prolonged Storage : 3 Shelf Life : 2 Years
SiliaMetS Diamine
PN : R49030B Loading : ≥ 1.28 mmol/g Endcapping : Yes
NH
SiNH2
Cr, Pd+2, Pd0, & Pt
Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb, Ru, Sc, W & Zn
Color : Off - white Density : 728 g/L Solvent Compatibility : 1 Prolonged Storage : 2 Shelf Life : 2 Years
SiliaMetS Triamine
PN : R48030B Loading : ≥ 1.11 mmol/g Endcapping : Yes
NH
SiHN
NH2
Cr, Pd+2, Pd0 & Pt
Ag, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Os, Pb, Rh+1, Rh+2, Rh+3, Ru, Sc, W & Zn
Color : Off - white Density : 736 g/L Solvent Compatibility : 1 Prolonged Storage : 2 Shelf Life : 2 Years
SiliaMetS AMPA
PN : R85130B Loading : ≥ 0.80 mmol/g Endcapping : Yes
NSi P
PHO
HO
OH
OH
O
O
SiliaMetS AMPA is an aminomethylalkylphosphonic acid ligand known for its excellent metal - bonding properties. It is particularly efficient to remove Al, Sb, Ni, La, and also very effective for Co, Fe, Mn and Zn scavenging from reaction intermediates or final APIs.
Al, Ce, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, La, Lu, Mn, Nd, Pm, Pr, Sb, Sm, Tb, Tm, V & Yb
Co, Cu, Fe, Ni & Zn
Color : Yellow Density : 707 g/L Solvent Compatibility : 1 Prolonged Storage : 3 Shelf Life : 1 Year
SiliaMetS Cysteine
PN : R80530B Loading : ≥ 0.30 mmol/g Endcapping : Yes
NH
SiONa
SH
O
SiliaMetS Cysteine is the silica - bound equivalent of the amino acid cysteine. It is a versatile scavenger for a variety of metals and the preferred metal scavenger for tin residues. By attaching the molecule to the backbone via the amino group, the thiol group remains free and accessible for higher metal scavenging efficiency.
Cd, Fe, Ir, Os, Ru, Sc & Sn
Ca, Cr, Cs, Cu, La, Mg, Pd+2, Pd0, Pt, Rh+1, Rh+2 & Zn
Color : Orange Density : 665 g/L Solvent Compatibility : 2 Prolonged Storage : 3 Shelf Life : 1 Year
SiliaMetS DEAM
PN : R54430B Loading : ≥ 0.85 mmol/g Endcapping : Yes
Si
NOH
OH
SiliaMetS DEAM is a versatile scavenger designed to remove trace metal of Ti, Zn, Fe and Ag as well as boronic acids from reaction intermediates or final APIs.
Ag, Fe, Sn, Ti & Zn
Color : Off - white Density : 679 g/L Solvent Compatibility : 1 Prolonged Storage : 3 Shelf Life : 1 Year
SiliaMetS Imidazole
PN : R79230B Loading : ≥ 0.96 mmol/g Endcapping : Yes
NSi
N
SiliaMetS Imidazole is a versatile metal scavenger for a variety of metals including, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pd, Os, and Rh, it is the preferred metal scavenger for iron catalysts.
Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, Os, W & Zn
Cr, Pd+2, Pd0, Rh+1 & Rh+2
Color : Off - white Density : 681 g/L Solvent Compatibility : 1 Prolonged Storage : 1 Shelf Life : 2 Years
SiliaMetS TAAcOH
PN : R69030B Loading : ≥ 0.41 mmol/g Endcapping : No
NSiN
N
OH (ONa)
OH (ONa)
OH (ONa)OH (ONa)
O
O
O
O
SiliaMetS TAAcOH & TAAcONa are supported versions of EDTA in their free and sodium salt forms. These two products are effective metal scavengers for Ca, Mg, Li, Ir, Cs, Os, Sn, Pd, Ni and Cu.
SiliaMetS TAAcOH is effective for metals in low or zero oxidation states, compared to SiliaMetS TAAcONa which is useful for metals in higher oxidation states (≥ 2).
Co, Ni, Os & Sc
Cr, Cs, Fe, Pd+2, Pd0, Rh+1, Rh+2 & Sn
Color : Off - white Density : 635 g/L Solvent Compatibility : 1 Prolonged Storage : 1 Shelf Life : 2 Years
SiliaMetS TAAcONa
PN : R69230B Loading : ≥ 0.41 mmol/g Endcapping : No
Ca, Cd, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ir, La, Li, Mg, Ni, Os, Rh+3, Sc, & Sn
Cr, Pd+2, Pd0, Rh+1, Rh+2 Ru, & Zn
Color : Off - white Density : 712 g/L Solvent Compatibility : 1 Prolonged Storage : 1 Shelf Life : 2 Years
SiliaMetS Thiourea
PN : R69530B Loading : ≥ 1.07 mmol/g Endcapping : Yes
NH
Si NH
SSiliaMetS Thiourea is a versatile metal scavenger for all forms of palladium and is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. Once complexed with a transition metal, it has been reported to be an effective catalyst.
Pd+2 & Pd0
Ag, Cu, Fe, Os, Rh+1, Rh+2, Rh+3, Sc & Sn
Color : Off - white Density : 767 g/L Solvent Compatibility : 1 Prolonged Storage : 1 Shelf Life : 2 Years
SiliaBond Tosic Acid
PN : R60530B Capacity : ≥ 0.54 meq/g Endcapping : Yes
SiS OH
O
O
SiliaBond Tosic Acid is in a class of strong acids used in different fields of synthetic organic chemistry. The aromatic ring makes it slightly more acidic than other supported sulfonic acids. It will not dissolve in methanol or any other solvents.
Fe, Rh & Sn
Ag, Cu, Ni, Pd, Pt, Ru & Zn
Color : Off - white Density : 681 g/L Solvent Compatibility : 1 Prolonged Storage : 1 Shelf Life : 2 Years
New Product
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All SiliaMetS are made of standard 40 - 63 μm, 60Å silica gel, available in multi - ton scale. Other particle size distributions and pore diameters available on a custom basis.
1 The best scavenger for the removal of a particular metal is indicated in Blue while a good one is indicated in Orange.
2 Solvent Compatibility : 1: All solvents, aqueous and organic ; 2: All organic solvents.
3 Prolonged Storage : 1: Keep dry ; 2: Keep cool (< 8°C) under argon ; 3: Keep dry under argon.
Potentially Genotoxic Impurities (PGI) Scavenger - Contact Us for More Information
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SiliCycle Inc. Worldwide Headquarters2500, Parc-Technologique Blvd Quebec City (Quebec) G1P 4S6 CANADATel. : 1 418 874.0054 Toll Free : 1 877 745.4292 (North America only) Fax : 1 418 874.0355 www.SiliCycle.com [email protected]
Search by metalScavenger
SiliaMetS Thiol (Si-Thiol) PN : R51030B
SiliaMetS DMT (Si-DMT) PN : R79030B
SiliaBond Amine (Si-WAX) PN : R52030B
SiliaMetS AMPA (Si-AMPA) PN : R85130B
SiliaMetS Cysteine (Si-Cys) PN : R80530B
SiliaMetS DEAM (Si-DEAM) PN : R54430B
SiliaMetS Diamine (Si-DIA) PN : R49030B
SiliaMetS Imidazole (Si-IMI) PN : R79230B
SiliaMetS TAAcOH (Si-TAAcOH) PN : R69030B
SiliaMetS TAAcONa (Si-TAAcONa) PN : R69230B
SiliaMetS Thiourea (Si-THU) PN : R69530B
SiliaMetS Triamine (Si-TRI) PN : R48030B
Structure SHSi
NH
Si N
NN
SH
SH
NH2SiNSi P
PHO
HO
OH
OH
O
ONH
SiONa
SH
O
Si
NOH
OH
NH
SiNH2 NSi
N NSiN
N
OH (ONa)
OH (ONa)
OH (ONa)OH (ONa)
O
O
O
O
NH
Si NH
S
NH
SiHN
NH2
Loading mmol/g ≥ 1.20 ≥ 0.50 ≥ 1.20 ≥ 0.80 ≥ 0.30 ≥ 0.85 ≥ 1.28 ≥ 0.96 ≥ 0.41 ≥ 0.41 ≥ 1.07 ≥ 1.11
Met
als t
o be
scav
enge
d
AgAlCaCdCeCoCrCsCuFeHgIrLaLiMgMnNiOsPbPd (II)Pd (0)PtRh (I)Rh (II)Rh (III)Ru (II)ScSnTiWZn
A newcomer ? Our kits have been designed for maximum flexibility
PNK30730B Universal
Metal Scavengers Kit
K34530B Novel
Scavengers Kit
K34630B Palladium
Metal Scavengers Kit
Com
posi
tion
Si-Cysteine Si-DMT Si-Imidazole Si-TAAcOH Si-TAAcONa Si-Thiol Si-Thiourea Si-Triamine
Si-AMPA Si-DEAM Si-DMT Si-Guanidine Si-Thiol
Si-DMT Si-Diamine Si-Thiol Si-Thiourea Si-Triamine
PNK34730B
Tin Metal Scavengers Kit
K35230B Electrophile
Scavengers Kit
K32630B Nucleophile
Scavengers Kit
Com
posi
tion
Si-Cysteine Si-DEAM Si-DMT Si-TAAcOH Si-TAAcONa Si-Thiourea Si-Thiol
Si-Amine Si-Carboxylic Acid Si-DMAP Si-Diamine Si-Piperazine Si-TMA Acetate Si-Tosyl Chloride Si-Triamine
Si-Carbonate Si-DEAM Si-Diol Si-Guanidine Si-Isocyanate Si-Maleimide Si-Propylsulfonic Acid Si-Tosic Acid
Remember : All Kits are available in 5 g, 10 g, 25 g, 50 g, 100 g, and up to 1 kg formats Kits can easily be customized for any specific needs, contact us for more information.
SiliCycle offers an unparalleled range of Metal and Organic Scavengers, SiliaMetS®and SiliaBond®, to significantly facilitate any purification processes.
Typical procedure to be followed • Use 4-8 molar equivalent of Scavenger
• At room temperature up to 50°C
• Optimal pH range is from 2 to 10
• Typical solvents are THF, DMF, Ethyl Acetate, MeOH, PhMe, Ethers & Chlorinated solvents
• Stir one hour (1h) at moderate agitation (or more followed by ICP analysis)
TIP : Solution’s color might be a good indication of the scavenging progressDon’t forget to optimize via temperature, solvents, times, etc.
Could need some help ?Having a problem scavenging a product ?
Take advantage of SiliCycle’s expertise in scavenging. Our experienced R&D team can find the optimal conditions for you!
Our scavenging screening services are innovative as they provide an on-hand solution to quickly develop the most efficient metal or organic scavenging process for both time and cost savings.
Confidentiality is assured, as in most cases the solution involves working with API and other patented materials, and easy technology transfers are guaranteed.
Our team comprises passion driven scientists with various university levels in various specialities :
• Analytical, Inorganic, Organic & Organometallic Chemistry
• Biology & Biochemistry
• Catalysis
• Chemical Engineering
• Mesostructured Material
• Physical & Petrochemistry
22%
22% B.Sc.
Ph.D.
M.Sc.
R&DServices
Why are Potentially Genotoxic Impurities (PGI) Scavengers so important ?Genotoxic compounds induce genetic mutations and/or chromosomal rearrangements and can therefore act as carcinogenic compounds.
Whatever the nature of the impurity you might encounter, you can rely on our family of genotoxic Scavengers in order to eliminate tedious post-reaction purifications.
Search by chemicalScavenger
SiliaBond Amine (Si-WAX) PN : R52030B
SiliaBond Carbonate (Si-CO3) PN : R66030B
SiliaBond Carboxylic Acid (Si-WCX) PN : R70030B
SiliaMetS DEAM (Si-DEAM) PN : R54430B
SiliaMetS Diamine (Si-DIA) PN : R49030B
SiliaBond Diol (Si-Diol) PN : R35030B
SiliaBond DMAP (Si-DMAP) PN : R75530B
SiliaBond Guanidine (Si-GUA) PN : R68230B
SiliaBond Isocyanate (Si-ISO) PN : R50030B
SiliaBond Maleimide (Si-MAL) PN : R71030B
SiliaBond Piperazine (Si-PPZ) PN : R60030B
SiliaBond Propylsulfonic Acid (Si-SCX-2) PN : R51230B Tosic Acid (Si-SCX) PN : R60530B
SiliaBond TMA Acetate (Si-SAX2) PN : R66430B
SiliaBond Tosyl Chloride (Si-TsCl) PN : R44030B
SiliaMetS Triamine (Si-TRI) PN : R48030B
Structure NH2Si N+Si(CO3
2-)0.5 OHSi
OSi
NOH
OH
NH
SiNH2 OSi OH
OH NSi
N
NH
Si NH
N NSi C O NSi
O
O
NSi
NH
SSiOH
O
O
SiS OH
O
O
N+SiC3HC00-
SiS Cl
O
ONH
SiHN
NH2
Loading mmol/g ≥ 1.20 ≥ 0.46 ≥ 0.92 ≥ 0.85 ≥ 1.28 ≥ 0.97 ≥ 0.53 ≥ 0.80 ≥ 1.16 ≥ 0.64 ≥ 0.83 SCX-2 : ≥ 0.63 | SCX : ≥ 0.54 ≥ 0.71 ≥ 0.88 ≥ 1.11
Elec
trop
hile
s & N
ucle
ophi
les
to b
e sc
aven
ged
AcidAcid chlorideAcidic phenol
AlcoholAldehydeAlkoxideAmine
AnhydrideAniline
Boronic acid Carboxylic acid Chloroformate
HydrazineIsocyanate
KetoneOrganometallic
Sulfonyl chlorideThiol / Thiolate
ELECTROPHILE SCAVENGER : | NUCLEOPHILE SCAVENGER : | IONIC BONDING : | CATCH & RELEASE:
http ://www.silicycle.com/products/metal-scavengers
http ://www.silicycle.com/products/functionalized-silica-gels/siliabond-scavengers
Give our scavengers a try with SiliCycle MiniBlock® for mistake-proof parallel screeningsThe SiliCycle MiniBlock® platform offers full internal «flow-through» parallel processing of chemical reactions. The MiniBlock is unique in that reactions do not have to be removed from the apparatus for full processing but instead are run, partially purified and isolated in semi-crude form within the platform using a vertical flow design that is completely intuitive. Which is ideal for scavengers screening.
With our extensive experience in many niche areas, you are assured of a partner who is a leader in your domain.
BEST SCAVENGER : | GOOD SCAVENGER :
(COVALENT BONDING) (COVALENT BONDING)POS-001 v.1.2 02/15
© 2015, SiliCycle Inc.
Choosing your metal & organic scavenging solution
Why Silica outperforms Polymer-based resins ?• No Swelling
• Faster Kinetics
• Solvent Independent
• Easy to Use
• Mechanically Stable
• Thermally Stable
• Easily Scalable
• Flexible Formats
• Controlled Loading
SCX-2
SCX
7
All our Scavenging Solutions at a Quick GlanceWhich SiliaMetS Metal or SiliaBond Organic Scavenger will best suit your needs? Find out by ordering your FREE copy of our Scavenging Solution poster (PN : POS-001).
Call us to order your poster or for more information about our R&D Services : 1 877 745.4292 (North America only) +1 418 874.0054 (Worldwide)
R & D Services: Having a Problem with Your Scavenging or Metal Removal? We Can Help!Take advantage of SiliCycle’s expertise in scavenging. Our experienced R&D team can find the optimal conditions for you!
Our scavenging screening services are innovative as they provide an on - hand solution to quickly develop the most efficient metal or organic scavenging process for both time and cost savings.
Confidentiality is assured, as in most cases the solution involves working with API and other patented materials, and easy technology transfers are guaranteed.
Our team comprises passion driven scientists with various university levels in various specialities :
• Analytical, Inorganic, Organic & Organometallic Chemistry
• Biology & Biochemistry
• Catalysis
• Chemical Engineering
• Mesostructured Material
• Physical & Petrochemistry
With our extensive experience in many niche areas, you are assured of a partner who is a leader in your domain.
Custom R&D Services• Scavenging Screening• Catalysis Services• Organic Services• Chromatography, Purification &
Analytical Services• Material Science Services• Custom Packing Services
Heterogeneous Catalysis• Coupling (Suzuki,
Stille, Heck, Sonogashira, Kumada)
• Debenzylation• Hydrosilylation• Hydrogenation• Oxydation• Etc.
Scavenging Technology (Silica-Based)• Metal Scavengers• Electrophile Scavengers• Nucleophile Scavengers• Potential Genotoxic
Impurities (PGI)• Etc.
Sample Preparation• SPE Cartridges
and Well-Plates• Micro-SPE Tips• QuEChERS• Accesssories
(Vacuum Manifold, Collection Plates, …)
• Etc.
Organic Synthesis• Amide Coupling• Oxydation• Reductive Amination• Other Reagents Available
Analytical Chromatography• Spherical Silica Gels• HPLC and Guard Columns• HPLC Column Distributions
for Different Manufacturers• Etc.
Equipments• SiliCycle MiniBlock®
• TLC Scanner• Vacuum Manifold• Other Equipments
on Our Website
Chromatography• Irregular Silica Gels• Spherical Silica Gels for
Preparative Chromatography• Chromatographic Phases
(C18, NH2 …)
• Flash Cartridges and Accessories
• TLC Plates• Etc.
Consumables• Syringe Filters• Membrane Filters• Vials & Caps• Etc.
Other services available
WE PROVIDE SOLUTIONS TO THE GLOBAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRY.Founded in 1995, SiliCycle® Inc. is a worldwide leader in the development, the manufacturing and the commercialization of high value silica-based and specialty products for chromatography, analytical and organic chemistry. Our business extends to more than fifty countries and our customer portfolio includes companies in a wide range of markets.
At SiliCycle, we are at the forefront of the chromatography industry, owing to the extraordinary purity of our silica gels and polymeric sorbents, combined with our capacity to rapidly adapt our products to meet the specific requirements of scientists worldwide.
We lead the way in offering innovative first-rate UltraPure products. Our automated manufacturing processes are continuously optimized to ensure high purity and a low percentage of fine particles, thereby guaranteeing optimal performance. With our multi-ton manufacturing capacity, we are your partner of choice for all your analysis, metal removal, catalysis, synthesis, and purification requirements.
SiliCycle is also a leading service provider, offering turnkey solutions based on its expertise in organic chemistry, material science, analytical chemistry to name only a few. With state-of-the-art instrumentation in the areas of chromatography, spectroscopy, and manufacturing combined to an applications support laboratory, we are devoted to extend your R&D and make your project a success.
SiliCycle has several sales offices in many countries such as China, India, European Union (France & Germany) just to name a few. All products are available worldwide through SiliCycle or via distributors.
We are committed to providing you with the highest quality products and services in the industry
Information about SiliCycle is available at www.SiliCycle.com
SiliCycle Inc. Worldwide Headquarters2500, Parc-Technologique Blvd Quebec City (Quebec) G1P 4S6 CANADA Tel. : 1 418 874.0054 Toll Free : 1 877 745.4292 (North America only) Fax : 1 418 874.0355 www.SiliCycle.com [email protected]
SiliCycle China Chinese [email protected]
SiliCycle India Indian [email protected]
SiliCycle Europe European [email protected]
© 2015, SiliCycle Inc. Printed in Canada
AN - 002 v1.0 02/15